Practical

1. Hammer: -nvZzox
2. Ball-pen hammer: - QvU nvZzox
3. Clue hammer: - eo nvZzox, civK/ZvoKvUv DVvZ eeZ nq|
4. Iron planer: -mgvb Kivi Rb|
5. Hand sow: -KivZ, gvUv `vuZ hy, gvUv KvRi Rb|
6. Tanoan sow: -wPKb `vuZ hy, wPKb KvRi Rb|
7. Knife sow: -wWRvBb Kivi Rb eeZ nq|
8. Marking gaze: -`vM KvUvi Rb eeZ nq|
9. Wooden half round rushed file: - KvVi(iZ) KvR eeZ nq|
10. Wooden drill bed: -KvV wQ` Kivi Rb eeZ nq|
11. Wooden hand drill machine: - KvV wQ` Kivi Rb eeZh|
12. Wooden holding role/scale: - KvVi Zqix Ges KvVi KvR eeZ j|
13. Steel ruler/scale: -mvavib wji j|
14. Tri square scale: - KvVi KvR eeZ j hv 90 wWwM Kvbi nq|
15. Pincher: - Zvi KvUv DVvZ eeZ nq|
16. Jewelry triangular file: - iZ hv QvU wQ` my`iKiZ eeZ nq|
17. Tester: - mvavib Uvi|
18. Welding goggles /Safety goggles: -Pkgv, hv KvR eeZ nq|
19. Hacksaw: -hLb eW _vK ZLb ejZ nq, bv _vKj kyay ejZ nq
Hacksaw fram ejZ ne,eWK ejv nq Hacksaw eW|
20. Power machine hacksaw blade: - hv wKbv gvUv nq|
21. Half round file: Metal (iZ) Gi Rb eeZ nq| AaK MvjvKvi|
22. Flat file:-(1) `vuZ (iZ) gvUv nj ZvK ejv nq Bastard file (2) `vuZ
(iZ) wPKb nj ZvK ejv nq Smooth file.
23. Triangular file: -Metal (iZ) G eeZ nq| wZb KvY|
24. Square file: -Pvi KvYv nq (iZ) Metal (iZ) G eeZ nq|
25. Round file: -: Metal (iZ) Gi Rb eeZ nq, MvjvKvi|
26. Pipe wrench/Monkey wrench: - Round (Pipe) wRwbli Rb|
27. Adjustable wrench: - Kvb wRwbl fvj Ki aivi Rb eeZ nq|
28. Tap: wdZv|
29. Threat cutting tape handle: - tape _vKj| ezi wfZi LvR KvUvq eeZ nq|
30. Threat cutting tape: - tape bv _vKj|
31. Tape: - QvU jvnvi h|
32. Threat cutting dye: - evBii LvR KvUvq eeZ nq|
33. Flat screwdriver: - mgvb screwdriver.
34. Fillips star screwdriver: - Pvi KvYv screwdriver.
35. Wall bit: -Iqvj G wQ` Kivi Rb|
36. Metal drill bit: -gUvj gvUv G wQ` Kivi Rb|
37. Slide Calipers: - vBW Kvwjcvm|
38. Turning tools: - Metal-G `vM KvUZ (LvR KvUvq) eeZ nq|
39. Flatting tools: - Metal-G `vM KvUZ (LvR KvUvq) eeZ nq| AcvK
Z eo|
40. Metal flat chisel: - MRvj Metal- KvUZ eeZ nq|
41. Knife file: - gvc GK ivLvi Rb eeZ nq|
42. Inside calibers: -wfZii w`K Kvmi KvR|
Sayem/Textile
Engineering /29th batch/2003/Ist year/48/Sec1
Sayem

43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
50.
51.
52.
53.
54.
55.
56.

Out side calibers: - evBii w`K Kvmi KvR|

Welding chipping hammer: Center punch: - gUvj G wQ` (center) Kivi Rb|
Clam: -wWj gwkbi KvR eeZ nq|
Skiver: - gUvj G `vM KvUvi Rb eeZ nq|
bvwbs Uzjm: -LvR KvUvi Rb eeZ nq| AcvKZ eo|
Spring divider: -Kvmi KvR|
Wooden core chisel: - gvUv KvV QvU Mc|
Wooden flat chisel: - KvV Mc|
Chant paper: - wmwil KvMR|
Emery cloth: - gUvj eeZ|
Mile steal rode : KvPv jvni Zix|
Mile steal flat rode: KvPv jvni Zix |
Welding rode: - Welding G eeZ nq|

Sayem/Textile
Engineering /29th batch/2003/Ist year/48/Sec1
Sayem

Job: (01) To make a square file

At first to hold the Mile steal rode and count the 52 mm length with the help
of the slide calipers. Then tightening the mile steal rode with table vise and
start to cut it with hacksaw. After cutting the mile steal rode at 52 mm then
tightening it in the table vise and use the rough file to create the shape and
the shape will come in 5mm in each side. Then we get a square file.

Force, Pressure and their Units:

Force: Which, try to chance the stay elements to move or to chance the moveable
elements to other direction or velocity is called Force.
1 kg

F
Sayem/Textile
Engineering /29th batch/2003/Ist year/48/Sec1
Sayem

a= 1 ms-2
Pressure: Force per unit area is called pressure.
Units of Force:
In F.P.S
In M.K.S
In S.I

Poundal
Kg
N

Units of Pressure:
In F.P.S
In M.K.S
In S.I

Lb/in2, Lb/ft2 etc

kg/cm2, kg/mm2, kg/m2,
N/cm2, N/m2, N/mm2, Bar.

1 bar=105 N/m2
Atmospheric pressure:( evqy gjxq Pvc)
If the wait of air in 'h' height is 1.03 kg/cm2, than it is called Atmospheric pressure. or
PA.T . M.K.S =1.03 kg/cm2
Vacuum Pressure:
Bellow the Atmospheric Pressure is called Pvac
h=100/200/300 km

Examination Important
One Tonne of Refrigeration (Or Ton of Refrigeration)
In FPS units: This is the device by means of which one tonne of water at 0 degree c
is converted into one tonne of ice at 0 degree c at 24 hours.
= 2000lbwater X 144 BTU
lb X 24 hours
= 288000 BTU/24 hr
= 1200 BTU/ hr
Sayem/Textile
Engineering /29th batch/2003/Ist year/48/Sec1
Sayem

= 200 BTU/min
= 3.333 BTU/sec
= 3.333 X 1055 J/Sec [# BTU = 1055 J/Sec] {#=hnZz gb Kwi}
= 3516.666 J/S
= 3.51666 KJ/S
= 3.51666 K Watt [# 1J/S=1 Watt]
= 3.5166 Hp [# 735.75 W=1 HP]
0.73575
= 4.77 Hp
In MKS Units: This is the device by means of which one tonne of water at 0
degree c is converted into one tonne of ice at 0 degree c at 24 hours.
Ton of refrigeration= 1000 kg X 72 k cal
kg X 24hr
= 7200 k cal /24hr
= 3000 k cal /hr
= 50 k cal /min
= 0.8333 k cal /sec
= 0.8333 X 4.187 kJ/sec [# 4.187 k cal =1kj]
=3.489 kJ/sec =3.5 k watt
=3.5 Hp
[# 735.75 W=1 HP]
0.73575
=4.74 Hp
Stress: (wcob) Like pressure. Mathematically stress may be defined as the force
per unit area . i.e, p=P/A.
Where, p =Intensity of stress, P= Load of force acting on the body, and A= Cross
sectional area of the body.
Types of Stress: Though there are many kinds of stresses, yet the following two
types of stresses are important from the subject point of view:
(a) Tensile stress, (b) Compressive stress.

(a) Tensile stress:

P
When a section is subjected to two equal and opposite pulls, as a result of which the body
tends to lengthen, as shown in Fig. the stress induced is called tensile stress.

(b) Compressive stress:

P
P
When a section is subjected to two equal and opposite pushes as a result of which the
body tends to shorten its length, as shown Fig. the stress induced is called compressive
stress.

Strain: Mathematically strain may be defined as the deformation per unit length.
dl2

dl1
P
Sayem/Textile
Engineering /29th batch/2003/Ist year/48/Sec1
Sayem

L
i.e. strain e = dl/L
dl= dl1+dl2
Where, e = strain, dl =change of length of the body and L = Original length of the body.

Classification of Strain:
Strain is mainly two types, they are--------------(i) Primary strain/Linear strain
(ii) Secondary strain/Lateral strain
(i) Primary strain/Linear strain: The deformation of the bar, per unit of length in
the direction of the force , i.e. dl/L is known as primary or linear strain.
dl2
dl1
L
i.e. strain e = dl/L
dl= dl1+dl2
Where, e = Linear strain, dl =change of length of the body and L = Original length of the
body.
(ii) Secondary strain/Lateral strain: Every stress is always accompanied by a
strain in its own direction, and an opposite kind of strain in every direction at right angle
to it is known as lateral strain.
x1
x2

x= x1+x2
Lateral strain = x/y , where, x =change of length of the body and y = Original length of
the body.

Horse Power:
In FPS Unit:
Unit: The work done per unit time is Hp.
i.e. 33000 ft.lb/min
i.e 550 ft.lb/ sec.
1 HP=33000 ft.lb
33000lb
min
= 33000 kg X 12 X 2.254 m
2.204 X 100 X 60sec
=76.06 kg-m
1 ft/min
1 m/sec
Sayem/Textile
Engineering /29th batch/2003/Ist year/48/Sec1
Sayem

sec
= 76.06 X 9.81 N-m
S
=746.17 J/S
=746.17 W [# 1 J/S= 1 Watt]
=0.74617KW

33000lb
550 lb

Horse Power:
In MKS Unit:
Unit: To raise the weight of 75 kg at the height of 1 meter within one second the
record is called 1hp.
75 kg

1 m/s

75 kg

1 m/min

4500kg

1 HP=4500kg m
min
= 450033000 kg m
60sec
=75 X 9.81 N-m
S
=735.75 N-m
S
=735.75J/S
=735.75Watt
=0.73575KW.

Strain

Stress- Strain diagram of Mild stul: -

*
Sayem/Textile
Engineering /29th batch/2003/Ist year/48/Sec1
Sayem

*
Elastic limit
*
*
Yield Point

0
Stress

Poisson ratio: - If a body is stressed with in elastic limit the lateral strain bears a
constant ratio to the linear strain.
Mathematically =
Lateral strain
Poisson ratio =

= A constant

Linear strain
This constant is denoted by Poisson ratio. It is dictated by 1/m or
Lateral strain = Linear strain X

Types of Stress: Though there are many kinds of stress, yet the following two
types of stress are important from the subject point of view.
Tensile Stress.
Compressive Stress.
Tensile Stress: P

When a section is subjected to two equal and opposite pulls, as a

result of which the body tends to lengthen as shown in fig, the stress induced is called
tensile stress.
Compressive Stress: Sayem/Textile
Engineering /29th batch/2003/Ist year/48/Sec1
Sayem

When a section is subjected to two equal and opposite pushes,

as a result of which the body tends to shorten its length as shown in fig, the stress induced
is called compressive stress.

Deformation of a body Due to force acting unite:

Or
Prove that, L= PL
AE
We may assure a body is subjected to tensile stress.
P

l2

l1

L= l1+l2
Let, P = Load of force acting on the body.
L = Length of the body in cm.
A = Cross-sectional area of the body in cm2
S = Stress induced in the body.
E = Modulus of elasticity for the material (MOE) of the body.
e = Strain. L = Deformation of the body.
Now, we know that, Stress
S=P
i
A
Strain, e = S
ii
E
From equation i and ii
e=P
AE
Deformation = L = e l
= PL
cm.
AE
Proved.

Sayem/Textile
Engineering /29th batch/2003/Ist year/48/Sec1
Sayem

Name of the experiment: To make a square key/ square/ female part/ male part/
lab join/ cross join / Range.

Objectives: 1. Making a square key/ square/ female part/ male part/ lab join/ cross join /
Range with fixed measurement.
2. Know about the corresponding tools and equipment and know about their name
and use.
3. Now we can practically make a square key/ square/ female part/ male part/ lab
join/ cross join / Range with fixed measurement given by our class teacher.

Raw materials: Sayem/Textile

Engineering /29th batch/2003/Ist year/48/Sec1
Sayem

For making square key/ square/ female part/ male part/ lab join/
cross join / Range the raw material is a metallic bar.

Required tools and equipment: 1. Table vice.

2. Hack saw.
3. Emery cloth.
4. Slide calipers.
5. File.

Procedure: At first we take a metallic bar and cut it more than 52 mm, 15 mm
Respectively from accepted. Now it will be the primary shape like figure.

Use of M/C: No machine is used in this practical.

Conclusion: By this job we can acquire initial knowledge that are related with
engineering and technology side and we are also meted with some tools which are used
for the purpose of the job and put us in a helpful stage of practical engineering and
technical life.

Sayem/Textile
Engineering /29th batch/2003/Ist year/48/Sec1
Sayem