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In this paper we present the results of the tests proposed by MacNeal in the paper A Proposed Standard set
of Problems to Test Finite Element Accuracy using Algor Release 12 for Windows 98/NT to solve this tests. The
Algor Release 12 is available to download free and limited time trial at www.algor.com.
The tests
Patch test for plate
Theoretical solution:
Bending moments unit length: mx=my=1.111x10-7
Surface stresses: x=y=+-0.667; xy=+-0.200
MACNEAL, R.H., HARDER, R. L.; A Proposed Standard set of Problems to Test Finite Element Accuracy,
Finite Elements in Analysis and Design 1 (1985) 3-20, North-Holand.
Length = 6.0; width = 0.2; depth = 0.1; E = 1.0x107; mesh = 6x1; Loading: unit forces at free end. a) Regular shape
elements; b) Trapezoidal shape elements; c) Paralelogram shape elements.
Note: all elements have equal volume.
Theoretical solutions for straight beam problem
Tip load direction
Displacement in
direction of load
Extension
3.0 x 10-5
In-plane shear
0.1081
Out-of-plane shear 0.4321
Twist
0.03208*
* In our opinion the displacement for the problem of
torsion of a straight cantilever beam is 0.0034074.
We calculated this value using the expression used by
Beer Jonhston2.
Where:
E = 1.0e7; v = 0.3; G = 3.846144e6;
Fig. 3. Straight cantilever beam
a = 0.2 ; b = 0.1; L = 6.0
With a/b = 2 results in c1=0.246 e c2=0.229 (table 3.1 pg.282).
The torsion angle is:
T *L
1 .0 * 6 .0
=
3
c2 * a * b * G
0 . 229 * 0 . 2 * 0 . 1 3 * 3 . 8461 . 10
= 0 . 034061 rad
BEER, F.P., JOHNSTON, e.r., Resistncia dos Materiais ; McGraw-Hill, 1989,1982, So Paulo, SP.
Curved Beam
Twisted Beam
Length - 120; width -1.1; depth - 0.32; twist - 900 (root to tip) E 29.0 x 106; v - 0.22; mesh - 12 x 2. Loading: unit forces at tip.
Rectangular plate
Scordelis-Lo roof.
Thick-walled cylinder.
Radial displacement at r = R1
5.0399 x 10-3
5.0602 x 10-3
5.0623 x 10-3
Fig. 7. Thick-walled cylinder
Type 5
Type 26
Three-dimensional shell elements are Type 26 elements and are 4- to 8-node isoparametric quadrilaterals or 3- to 6node triangular elements in any 3-D orientation.
In this tests are used only the high-order option with 8 nodes.
Type 25
Type 5
0.00%
N/A
Type 25
N/A
Type 25
1.000
0.970
0.961
0.851
Extension
In-plane shear
Out-of-plane shear
Twist*
1.004
0.900
0.947
0.927
1.005
0.040
0.025
0.570
1.000
0.886
0.923
0.920
Extension
In-plane shear
Out-of-plane shear
Twist*
1.006
0.615
0.523
1.188
1.001
0.968
0.942
0.788
Type 25
0.997
0.937
Type 25
0.996
1.001
Type 5
0.040
0.413
0.788
0.919
Type 5
0.024
0.303
0.722
0.917
Type 25
0.991
0.999
Type 25
1.025
0.997
Type 5
Type 25
0.306
0.822
0.824
0.960
Type 5
Type 25
0.006
0.083
0.247
0.415
0.374
0.782
Type 25
1.004
1.006
Type 25
1.038
1.039
1.034
Element loading
In-plane
Out-of-plane
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Element
shape
Type 6
Irregular
Irregular
All
Regular
Irregular
Regular
Irregular
All
Regular
Regular
Regular
Regular
Regular
Regular
Element
shape
Irregular
All
Regular
Irregulara
Irregularb
All
Regular
Regular
Regular
Regular
Regular
Regular
a
b
Type 5
Type 25
A
A
B
F
F
D
D
D
A
F
F
B
A
B
C
B
D
A
B
A
C
A
B
Type 26
A
B
A
A
F
A
A
F
C
D
B
B
A
B
D
A
A
B
A
B
C
A
B
F
C
A
B