Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
Frontal bone
Parietal bone
Glabella--
Sphenoid bone
Lesser wirig
Orbital surface
Nasal bone
lacrimal bone
~_~
Zygomaficbone
Frontal process
'__
_--"l'r
Orbital plate
--
__
Perpendicular
--Middle
plate
nasal concha
Orbital surface
---Inferior
Temporal process
nasal concha
Zygomaticofacial
foramen
Mandible
Maxilla
Ramus
Orbital surface ---'
Infraorbital fora men
Frontal process---,
~ __
Alveolar process
A_nteriornasal spine
-----
Mental protuberance
Orbital plate of
ethmoid bone
_--lacrimal
--p--Wl----Fossa
bone
for lacrimal sac
Orbital surface of
zygomatic bone ----
Orbital process of
Palatine bone
Orbital surface
of maxilla
Infraorbital groove
Parietal bone
Sphenoid bone
Greater wing
Temporal bone
Temporal fossa
Squamous part
Zygomatic process
Articular tubercle
Groove for posterior
(jeep temporal artery
Ethmoid bone
Orbital plate
Fossafor
Lacrimal sac
Occipital bone
External
occipital
protuberance
Maxilla
Frontal process~
u....:...-
Infraorbital
foramen---
__
~~~
Anterior
nasal spin,~-- __
Alveolar process
.-I
Mandible
Head of condylar process
Mandibular notch
Coronoid process
Ramus
line
Zygomatic bone
Zygomaticofacial
foramen -----~~~)~,...~'/Temporal process--~
Zygomatic arch
~---~~L--------Oblique
----~~~--------------Body
.,-.-------~
,
iI!:::::....----------
Mental foramen
----i:::'~"=~..",
...
~
Temporal bone
Externalacoustic
meatus
---------i":--......:.""'::"'::---
Mandibular fossa
:t\rticulartubercle
pterygopalatine
fossa
Styloid process
Sphenopalatine foramen
Frontalbone
-----------.p...--
Coronal suture-
-/.~;::~~
-I-.:...-.
Bregma--
~~:::~~
--J~_
Parietal bone----
--:-:::;;:~f_t-------_~
Sagittal suture
Parietal foramen (for emissaryve"n)
Lambda
Occipital bone
-:::~~-----Frontal
bone
Frontal crest
r-t-~-:lr-
Parietalbone
'!.--~~-~~;----
Granular foveolae
(for arachnoid granulations)
~---Diploe
---"!" ....~~---:....
--:::H7+----Groove
~:;:-----;:-:'H~~---
Sagittal suture
._~~~~-----Lambdoid
~~~~~~~rF------
suture
Occipital bone
Maxilla
Incisive fossa ----"
Palatine process --~
Median palatine suture
Zygomatic process
Zygomatic bone
Frontal bone
Transversepalatine suture
Sphenoid bone
Pterygoid process
Hamulus---,
Medial plate---..
~Ptery~oid fossa}
Lateral plate
Scaphoid fossa
Greater wing -.....
Foramen ovale-_
Foramen spinosum
Spine
Temporal bone
Zygomatic process
Articular tubercle------t::r
Mandibular fossa -------l-Styloid process
Petrotympanic fissure -----+--"~-::::-Carotid canal (external o)IP~e:n~i~n~g[::t:;:.:::~~~~~
Tympanic canaliculus ~
Externalacoustic meatus
Mastoid canaliculus
Mastoid process
Stylomastoid fo~r=a::m.:.:e:.:.n.:...-_--~
Petrouspart
Mastoid notch for
digastric muscle
Occipital groove
(for occipital artery)
Jugular fossa
(jugular foramen in its depth)
--------f--.---....
Palatine bone
Horizontal plate
Greater palatine foramen
Pyramidal process
Lesserpalatine foramina
~or
nasal spine
~--Choanae
Vomer
Groove for
pharyngotympanic
(auditory) tube
Foramen lacerum
Occipital bone
Hypoglossal canal
UCcipital condyleCondylar canal and fossa
Basilar part-----Pharyngeal tubercle----'
Foramen magnum----Inferior nuchalline---------'
External occipital crest-----'
Superior nuchal line ------'
External occipital protuberance ----'
NECKCX
I
I
Ethmoid bone
-:;::=======:J==:-----_-'~
=::::i
Cristagalli
Cribriformplate========j--'--
__
I
,I
.,1
Sphenoid bone
Lesserwing-----------Anteriorclinoid process--------Greaterwing -----------_
Groove for middle meningeal
Vessels(frontal branches)
Body
__
----------~~(E.1::]~
l Anterior
.,;? cranial
. .,: II
," " I
I
I
fossa
~~~::~========:::::::::j~!:~t;~~~~::2=~~ Middle
Jugum
Prechiasmaticgroove
(Tuberculumsellae
cranial
fossa
~=::===~ht-~::=~;~~~:;~,
Sella ) Hypophysealf~s~s~a~=====3~~~~~2~~~~~I~
Posteriorclinoid process
turcica Dorsumsellae
Carotid groove (for intocarotid a,
Clivus
Temporal bone
Squamouspart
Petrouspart
Groovefor lesserpetrosal nerve ---+-~
Groovefor greater petrosal nerve--I-~
Arcuate eminence
Trigeminalimpression
Groovefor superiorpetrosal sinus--+-"
Groovefor sigmoid sinus
----------+-"
-------!-~
------i--"
------+-~
Parietal bone
Groovefor middle meningeal
Vessels(parietal branches)
Mastoidangle--------...r--
Posterior
cranial
fossa
-----1--
Occipital bone
Clivus-------------;-Groovefor inferiorpetrosal sinus---:-Basilarpart -----------Groovefor posteriormeningeal vessels
Condyle-----------Groovefor transversesinus------"
Groove for occipital sinus------Internaloccipital crest
Internaloccipital protuberance ----+--~
Groove for superiorsagittal sinus
---r-~
NATOMY
~
fora men cecum
sagittal
sinus
lt
and nerve
Oculomotornerve (Ill)
Trochlearnerve (IV)
lacrimal. frontal and nasociliary
branchesof ophthalmic nerve (vl)
Abducent nerve (vl)
Superiorophthalmic vein
Foramen spmosum
~~~~~:::==:l~rr==:SPhenoid
---------1
lMiddlemeningealarteryand vein
Meningealbranchof mandibularnerve
r;::~?~~_-_~~:r[=
Foramen lacerum
Carotid canal for
~-
.-
Hiatus for-----
1 Internal
-----------lesser
petrosal nerve
Hiatus for-----------------
External opening of
vestibular aqueduct -------I
labyrinthine artery
Endolymphatic duct
Condylar canal
(inconstant)
Hypoglossal canal---------
Foramen magnum
----
Maxilla
Inferior orbital fissure
Vomer
Lateral pterygoid plate
....-~
~~
Mastoid process
:::::::"-~P'"""""r--Medial
pterygoid plate
Foramen ovale
","-=:::=:+:==-:;1.=
Foramen spinosum
11:
Spine of sphenoid
-~I-Petrous
part of termporal bone
,---t~I-Carotid
canal
Tympanic part of
temporal bone
Jugular foramen
Occipital condyle
Pharyngeal tubercle
Pterion
Tuberculum sellae
Sella turcica
Posterior clinoid process
Dorsum sellae
Hiatus for greater
petrosal nerve
Arcuate eminence
li,
Frontal sinus
Foramen cecum
Cribriform plate
Orbital plate of frontal
Optic canal
esser wing of sphenoid
Anterior clinoid process
Foramen rotundum
Foramen lacerum
Foramen ovale
~ ..,~~...Groove for middle
meningeal orterv
rr-c;2~~~~rr
Foramen sptnosurn
~,p;;:.,.a,...j~-Squamous
part of temporal
~~~~i-+lH--Petrous
part of temporal
.. Internal auditory meatus
Groove for superior
petrosal sinus
Groove for sigmoid sinus
~\
Jugular foramen
F oramen magnu
..
~."..~
.. Iio;.h.
.~~:;
".
",'"
~,,'"
transverse sinus
7':~-"~:'"""Hypoglossal canal
"<A<r:~
Internal occipital
protuberance
Skull base
s
aD C
3_
51,
Sphenoid bone
Temporal bone
Parietal bone
Greater wing
Lesserwing -...
Anterior clinoid
Process
Optic canal-...
Sella turcica
Sphenoidal sinus
Body-----...:
Medial and lateral
plates of
pterygoid
Process-------....
Squamous part
Grooves for
branches of middle
meningeal vessels
etrous part
Internal ocoustic meatus
Groove for superior
petrosal sinus
External opening of
vestibular aqueduct
Groove for
sigmoid sinus
-----i
Frontal bone
Frontal sinus
Ethmoid bone
Crista galli ------:~~~
Cribriform plate --~7:;tlt:!.:.:1i
Perpendicular
Plate
'-
External occipital
protuberance
.?i~~~::=---;0'tf:':""---Jugular
Nasalbone~
foramen
~--_
Inferior nasal
concha ---
Maxilla /;
Anterior
nasal spine
Nasal surface
Incisive canal
Palatine process
Alveolar process
Occipital condyle
'~',O"""
Vomer
~-..-.--
Frontal bone
Ethmoid bone
Cribriform plate
Superior nasal concha
Middle nasal concha
Sphenopalatine
foramen
_~:::-_~j
Sphenoid bone
Lacrimal bone
Body
'- ~
....J
Maxilla
Nasal surface
Palatine process
Alveolar process
Medial
Plates of pterygoid
Lateral ) process
pterygoid hamulus
Perpendicular plate
Horizontal plate
t
)
Palatine bone
Lateral view
Anterior fontanelle
Parietal bone
Coronal suture~TUber
Sphenoidal fontanelle
Frontal bone
Squamous suture
Posterior fontanelle
Lambdoid suture
Ethmoid bone
Anterior ethmoidal
foramen --_
Orbital plate
Occipital bone
Mastoid fontanelle
Lacrimal bone
Nasal bone
(eminence)
Temporal bone
Maxilla -----_
Infraorbital foramen --_--'
Zygomatic bone ----Zygomaticofacial fora men
Petrosquamous fissure
Petrous part
(mastoid process absent)
Tympanic part (bony extern
acoustic meatus absent)
..J
Palatine bone
Pyramidal process ------'
Superior view
e-
Zygomatic process
Frontal bone
Anterior fontanelle
Coronal suture
Parietal bone --~--Ir:--~-----+--Sagittal
suture
Posterior fontanelle
Occipital bone
:;.~-.-..,...::......----
Skull of newborn
Lambdoid suture
-'
Coronoid process
Neck
Temporalis muscle
insertion
Mandibular notch
Lingula
lateral tempro-
Mylohyoid groove
andibular
foramen
Oblique line
Submandibualr fossa
mandibular ligament
Sublingular fossa
/
/
Interaveolar septa
/
(
/.-\ Ramus
/
Alveolar part (crest)----:Mental fora men
Mental protuberanc:e====f::-;---.;--....:;~
Mental tubercle--
__
Angle
Base of mandible--------,..=..
__
"r-
Buccinator origin
Body
Coronoid process insertion
of temporalis -_
~
r6--condYlar
Head
j?
Neck
Mandibular notch
Pterygoid fovea
insertion of lateral
pterygoid
~.......--
platysma insertion
Mandible of adult:
anterolateral superior view
process
LinguJa- sphenomandibular
ligament
Mandible of adult:
left posterior view
@jJz.'1
Mandible
andible of aged
person (adentulous)
Mandible of infant
Anterior tubercle
Anterior articular
facet (for anterior
arch of atlas)
Dens~_
Transverse
process
Superior articular
facet for atlas
Pedicle
Interarticular
part
Transverse
foramen
Vertebral
foramen
Posterior arch
Superiorarticular surface
_-Posterior
tubercle
of lateral mass for
Groove for vertebral artery
occipital condyle
Inferior articular
facet for C3
Transverse
process
Body
Posterior arch
Dens
Superior articular
facet for atlas
Transverse
process
Posterior articular
facet (for transverse
ligament of atals)
Transverse
process
t:~~~~~Articular
facet
for dens
Anterior tubercle
Transverseprocess
Groove for
spinal nerve
Transverse
foramen ........
A
Pedicle ~~~~!!l,..;
Spinous process
Body
-
~
----+
view
NECW
Lateral view
Joint capsule
lateral (temporomandibular) ligament
Sphenomandibular ligament
Sphenomandibular ligament (phantom)
Styloid process
Stylomandibular ligament
Mandibular nerve
and otic ganglion
Joint capsule----.;
Middle meningeal
artery
Auriculotemporal nerve
,'-"',-",Maxillary artery
Inferior alveolar nerve
lingual nerve
_lIIIl1"~rvphenomandibular
ligament
Stylomandibular ligament
Mandibular fosssa
Articular disc
Articular tubercle
Mylohyoid branch of
inferior alveolar artery
and mylohyoid nerve
Jaws closed
\~~
Jaws slightly
opened
(hinge action
predominates)
Jaws widely
opened
(hinge and gliding
action combined)
Temporomandibular Joint
Medial view
Anterior view
----Basilar
part of occipital
Pharygeal
bone
tubercle
Anterior atlantooccipital
membrane
Capsule of atlantooccipital
Atlas (C 1)--
Posterior atlantooccipital
:-,;::.;..---
Lateral atlantoaxial
Anterior longitudinal
joint
membrane
joint (opened
up)
ligament
atlantooccipital
membrane
Axis (C2)
Skull
Capsule of
Zygapophyseal
joint (C3-4)
Anterior atlantooccipital
membrane
Capsule of
ottontoocctpttot
joint
Posterior
atlantooccipital
membrane
Atlas (C 1)
Vertebral
artery
Ligamenta flavo---:r--;i-~t.i
Ligamenta
. .
.
Subocclpttol nerve (dorsal
ramus of Cl spinal nerve)
{r~';'
Body of axis (C2)
Intervertebral
Zygapophyseal
Anterior tubercle
Spinous process
of C7 vertebra
(vertebra prominens)
Vertebral artery
Tl vertebra
External craniocervical
ligaments
(carotid
tubercle)
flava
l--,--~~~
Capsule of.-.....
atlantooccipital
joint
~~.w
.-tft~
~~:;;;;~-
Tectorial membrane
__
Atlas (Cl)
Capsule of lateral
atlantoaxial joint
Axis(C2)_-~
Capsule of
Zygapophyseal
jOint
(C2-3)
Alar ligaments
Transverseligament of atlas
{ Inferior longitudinal band
~~:-ii;;~_Alar
..:-_-
ligament of dens
ligament
Posteriorarticular facet of dens (for transverse
ligament of atlas)
nterior tubercle of atlas
Ir~~~
~.~~,ynOVial
cavities
Axis (C2)
Transverseligament
of atlas
Scalp Subcutaneoustissue--------....,
~Epicranialaponeurosis(galea aponeurotica
Temporal facia
ObI r
I }orbital part
r ICU ens ocu I musc e lPalPebral part
Occipital belly
(occipitalis) of
epicranius muscle
_,.>fiill:'-"y.~.
Platysma muscle
Investing layer of
(deep) cervical fascic
ANATOMY
Scalp-
\.A..
Skin and
subcutaneous tissue
Epicranial aponeurosis
(galea aponeurotica)
(cut to reveal skull)
Branches of
- superficial temporal
artery and vein
artery
Transverse facial
artery and vein
Anterior
auricular
arteries
Supraorbital
artery and vein
Supratrochlear
artery and vein
Nasofrontal vein
Dorsal noscl
artery and vein
Mastoid emissary
vein and meningeal
branch of occipital
artery (posterior
meningeal artery)
Deep facial vein
(from pterygoid
plexus)
ccipital artery
and vein (cut)
Posterior auricular
artery and vein
urlcular branch
of vagus nerve (X)
....
~
Supratrochlear nerve --
...
Medial branches
of dorsal rami
lof cervical spinal
nerves
Palpebral branch of
lacrimal nerve -------:~
Infratrochlear nerve --
.....
Greater occipital
nerve (C2)
3rd occipital
nerve (C3)
From 4th. 5th.
6th and 7th
nerves In
succession
below
nerve
--~:p.~~,.;:;:~~~~~Il ...
~
Zygomaticotemporal nerve
--+t'"'~~
Branches from
cervical plexus
Lesser occipital
nerve (C2. 3)
Great auricular
nerve (C2. 3)
Transverse cervlca
nerve (C2. 3)
Supraclavicular
nerves (C3. 4)
nerve -----
Trigeminal
nerve (V)
Dorsal rami of
cervical spinal
nerves
---1--
-r-;----Branches
Mandibular nerve (V3)---,.----
from
cervical plexus
ANATOMY
Superficial temporal artery and vein
and auriculotemporal nerve
Branches of facial nerve
Transversefacial artery
Accessory parotid gland
Frenulum of tongue
Sublingual fold with openings
of sublingual ducts
Parotid gland
Retromandibular
vein (anterior and
posterior branches)
Digastric muscle
(posterior belly)
--J>~ilJ-
Sublingual gland
Submandibular duct
muscle
Ramus of mandible
r;::?~~~~~~---Masseter muscle
Parotid gland
Temporofacial division
~-~
Posterior auricular nerve-
......
\
~'-
-Zygomatic
branches
~--Buccal
branches
division
Marginal mandibular branc
;:----,1----- Cervical
'A-.
Salivary glands
branch
Temporal fascia
Superficial layer
Deep layer
Levator labii
superioris
alaeque nasi
muscle--""'I.
Zygomatic arch
Levator labii
superioris
muscle
Articular disc of
temporomandibular joi
Deep part
~ Masseter
Superficial part S muscle
Zygomatics
minor muscle
Zygomaticus
major muscleLevator
anguli
oris
muscle
...
...::::::.:.;
Buccinator muscle
Orbicularis
oris muscle--l~$Z~~
Mentalis
muscle
Depressor labii
inferiorismuscle
Depressor anguli
oris muscle
'Iemporclls muscle
Lateral pterygoid
muscle
Masseteric nerve
and artery
axillary artery
Insertion of
masseter muscle
Articular disc of
temporomandibular joint
Articular tubercle----ti--f~~~~~
lateral pterygoid muscle -
JI":
~~~--.:~~
Parotid duCt--/~~A~Jt=---2~~
Buccinator muscle--"'~~:z!~~E
pterygomandibular raphe
Superiorpharyngeal constrictor muscl
lateral view
Choanae
Cartilaginc' .("oort of pharyngotympanic
(auditory) tu~.
Masseteric nerve
.~J~jh~"ll.I.:""-lateral
pterygOid plate
Masseteric artery----t'-:'
--Medial
Maxillary artery
pterygoid muscle
Inferioralveolar nerve
lingual nerve
Medial ptervqold muscle
Medial pterygoid plat
pterygoid hamulus
Nerve to mylohyoid
pterygoid hamulus
Posterior view
Anterior division
Temporal fascia
and temporalis muscle
Lateral view
Foramen ovale
Masseteric nerve
Meningeal branch
lateral pterygoid
nerve and muscl
Foramen spinosum
Middle
meningeal arter
Auriculotemporal
nerve
Posterior
auricular nerve
Facial nerve (VII)
Chorda tympani
nerve
Buccal nerve
and buccinato
muscle (cut)
lingual nerve
Inferior alveolar nerve (cut)
Nerve to mylohyoid
Medial pterygoid muscle (cut)
Digastric muscle (posterior belly)
stvtonvoto muscle
Hypoglossal nerve
Submandibular gland
Sublingual nerve
Medial view
Trigeminal (semilunar)
ganglion
------~.....r--~~'1-_~..-!:I
Ophthalmic nerve
(\J....:l-~
t_~~~~~e~~~~rr~GeniCUlum
Tympanic cavity
~r--:~r4J~:.Elr;;.;-t-Chorda
'\\"~~~f---
Anterior division
tympani nerve
Facial nerve (VII)
Tensor tympani
muscle and nerve
Tensorveli palatini
nerve and muscle
otic ganglion
Auriculotemporal
nerve
Medial pterygoid
nerve and muscle (cut)
pterygoid hamulus
lingual nerve
Supraorbital
artery_-.-
Supratrochlear
Posterior
Masseteric
...
Lateral ligament of
temporomandibular
artery
Ophthalmic
artery -~
...--iiiIiiiI~
Maxillary
-c..-
Inferior alveolar
artery and nerve
Sphenomandibular
Medial pterygoid
artery and muscle
Digastric
Lingual nerve
External carotid
artery
Artery of pterygoid
~Uik-:g
(!!/'
Lingual artery
Pharyngeal
Posterior lateral nasal branch
artery
Facial artery
--==~....
canal
artery
Sphenopalatine foramen
Middle meningeal
artery
artery
Posterior superior
alveolar artery
Sphenopalatine
StylohYOid muscle
Facial artery----.l~~""'"'~~=-~..ft
Mental branch of
inferior alveolar artery
Submental artery
Infraorbital
ligament
raphe
Sphenopalatine
artery
artery - ...
Superior { Posterior
alveolarMiddle --+~'--;,
arteries
Anterior --..,..~-,
Pterygomandibular
joint
artery
-~~--~~~fIIII7J~~-1M
Superficial
temporal artery
Ascending pho.vnqeol
artery
Ascending palatine :utery
Anastomsis in
incisive canal----_+.::
Left and right
greater palatine
Left and right
lesser palatine
arteries
Tonsillar branches
Tonsillar artery
arteries
Pterygoid arteries
Masseteric artery
Inferior alveolar
artery
Styioglossus muscle
Maxillary artery
Communicating branch
Posterior ethmoidal nerve
Lacrimal gland
Infratrochlear nerve
(from nasociliary nerve)
Cutaneous branch of
lacrimal nerve
Zygomaticotemporal
nerve
Zygomaticofacial
nerve
External
nasal
branch of
anterior
ethmoidal
nerve
Trigeminal
(semilunar) ganglion
Trigeminal
nerve (V)
-~--=::-~
~OZJ
(jJf
lr
Anterior superior
alveolar nerve
Mucous membrane
of maxillary sinus
Nerve (vidian) of pterygoid canal
Superior dental plexus
Pterygopalatine ganglion
ganglion
Posterior superior alveolar nerve
Anteroinferior
view
Greater horn~
lesser horn
Hyoid bone
'Body
Thyrohyoid muscle
Omohyoid muscle
Sternohyoid muscle
Digastric muscle (anterior belly)
Mylohyoid muscle
Stylohyoid muscle
Digastric muscle (posterior belly)
/7f'7""';
~Uik:9
~'
Posterosuperior view
Inferior alveolar nerve and artery
~oI......-.
--.lL.......
Mylohyoid muscle,-_.......:
Geniohyoid muscle --Hyoid bone
lesser horn
Body-------f
Greater horn
Floor of Mouth
Hyoglossus
muscle (cut)
Parotid gland
(cut)
Masseter muscle
Submandibular
gland
Hyoglossus muscle
Mastoid
process
Body of
mandibl
Digastric muscle
(posterior belly)
Middle pharyngeal
constrictor muscle
Longus capitis
Digastric
muscle
(anterior
belly)
muscle
Splenius muscle
----~~L.
Sternocleidomastoid
muscle .......
~"'~:-<T""'.._..Jh~----
7it-~lf;lr----Posterior
Scalene muscles { Middle
Anterior
Hyoid bone
Thyrohyoid
Omohyoid muscle
(superior belly)
Sternohyoid
Brachial
muscle
muscle
plexus
Inferior phyarynge
constrictor muscle
Omohyoid
muscle (inferior
belly
Sterna I head}
.
.
. I h
d Sternocleidomastoid
Cl ovicu
or ea
Pectoralis
major muscle
muscle
---~~~..:3
_---
Thyrohyoid muscle
----
Omohyoid muscle
(superior belly)
Sternohyoid muscle
Sternothyroid muscle
Scalene muscles
Cricoid
. cartilage--~i'r-~
Trapezius muscle
Omohyoid muscle
(inferior belly)
Pretracheal layer of
(deep) cervical fascia over
thyroid gland and trachea
Suprasternal space
Manubrium of sternum
aD
NEC~
~ S
--r-i
artery -
__
Middle cervical
sympathetic ganglion
..,.;.._
!"T!'-t--Vagus
_---~~~'r~t
nerve (X)
Vertebral artery
u....;._-,
nerve
=-lt~=f~a.--BrachiocePhalic
trunk
Thyrocervical trunk
trunk
view
/
;'
;'
Vertebral artery
artery
_....:.~~_--
trunk
1-----
Supreme intercostal
artery
Transverse cervical
artery
,~~~r--~---Suprascapular
--~r-----_
trunk
artery
Subclavian artery
(1st part medial to,
2nd part posterior to,
3rd part lateral to
anterior scalene muscle)
2nd posterior
intercostal
artery ---1rf-~~U~
Internal thoracic
.---1.\.
Subclavian Artery
artery
Parotid space
(bed) : right lateral
dissection
Mastoid process--.......J~_~~~_
Styloid process
---~~;-..:.....--lB...J.
Glossopharyngeal nerve (IX)
Stylohyoid muscle
Sternocleidomastoid muscle (cut)-~...:.:!..~~
---"':"'_"'---T
lingual artery
~~""n n~
-..::--~
.
. ~Superior root
Anse cervlcolls {Inferior root ---
__
Mylohyoid muscle
~.;;i~nrl;r-Hyoglossusmuscle
...-:!:~::.:tl
_Digastric muscle
(anterior belly)
Hyoid bone
Branch to
thyrohyoid muscle
(from ansa cervicalis)
Transversefacial artery
Maxillary artery
Digastric mUSC~lee
~
(phantom) ---/"
"'~L-I~------Posterior
Occipital artery
Descending branch
sternocleidomastoid branch
~"!I.~
auricular artery
~1OQo-",#~--Facial
~--"';;;;;;;"""---lingual
artery
artery
Carotid Arteries
From
{SUpraorbital artery
ophthalmic
artery
Supratrochlear artery
Middle meningeal artery
Deep tem pora I artery
Dorsal nasal artery
Masseteric artery
Angular artery _ .--....1.\
Infraobital artery
--II.'t-'W
~~~-~
Maxillary artery
Buccal artery
Buccinator muscle
and parotid duct (cut)
Ascending pharyngeal
arter
Superior pharyngeal
constrictor muscle
Glossopharyngeal
nerve (IX)
Mental branch of
inferior alveolar artery
Tonsillar artery
Facial artery
Lingual artery
Facial artery
Ascending pharyngeal
Submental artery
arte
Mylohyoid branch of
inferior alveolar artery
Submandibular gland
Hypoglossal ~erve (XII)
Suprahyoid artery
Sympathetic trunk
Anterior scalene muscle
_-r4-.z!,-:ar-1~
Suprascapular arterY,
Costocervical trunk
Subclavian artery-~I.-~~-.=l~w7~
~~-:.~~Z1~~~~t=
-,.",,-.f"----.
Hyoid bone
~is:~~r::;"'"~~~!ll.~~==~Superior
~
laryngeal nerve
Internal branch
External branch
n'
_~Ulrl,tXfl:i:l-_ThyrOid
cartilage (lamina)
Median cricothyroid
ligament
Thyroid membrane
Ansa
{ Superior root
cervicalis - Inferior root
j.J.IIL---
L----Cricoid
cartilage
Pyramidal iobe
(often absent
.Thyroid
or small)
Right lobe
gland
left lobe
Isthmus
~_
Pretracheal lymph
nodes
Phrenic nerve
Cricothyroid muscles
...
Transversecervical artery--c:::c~
Suprascapular artery---w~
~-
Right recurrent
laryngeal nerve
Brachiocephalic trunk
Brachiocephalic veins
Superior vena cava
Thyroid cartilage
Cricothyroid ligament
Common carotid artery
Medial margin of
sternocleidomastoid
muscle!---+- __
----...,.c:;.
Trachea---~~:::=J
3e
Superior pharyngeal
constrictor muscle
Middle pharyngeal
constrictor muscle-1ri:tf+n~r,......t-.-.;;:;~
Facial artery
Lingual artery
.,-r":'it-__
'_1".1.-
Pharyngeal raphe
Zone of sparse
muscle fibers
Cricopharyngeus
muscle (part of inferior
pharyngeal constrictor
Circular esophageal
muscle in V-shaped
area of sparse
longitudinal muscle
fibers (area of laimer)\t~~~~~~'~~~1
Longitudinal
esophageal muscle
thyroid artery
cervical artery
Suprascapular artery
Thyrocervical trunk
Internal thoracic
artery and vein
Right subclavian
artery and vein
Right brachiocephalic vein
Brachiocephalic trunk
Arch of aorta
Left vagus nerve (X)---1r-----.lU
s-
MINI
ATLAS OF
ANATOMY
NEC~
rohyoid membrane
Posterior view
Hyoid bone
Epiglottis
~~:':''\".':'
---=-~~ __
~~~~_-.J:"
~ __ -Suprascapular
Esophagus----~~~~~--~~
artery
Thyrocervical trunk
Vertebral artery
Subclavian artery-~~1]~:~~~~~)~~~~=~~
Trachea -
Brachiocephalic
~DI~~r~"'l-----lnternal
Esophogus
branch of
superior laryngeal nerve
External branch of
superior laryngeal nerve
trunk
rfjJikXJ
Parathyroid Glands
Ophthalmic vein
Angular vein
~--Superior
sagittal sinus
--+-~J
1f'.,......--;....--...:.i!I~...4--Superficial
Cavernous---~~~~~~-pJ
sinus
Pterygoid
plexus
lingual vein
temporal veins
;;iii-~~~~y--Transverse
--~~~----
sinus
Superficial temporal
vein
-----1~---~~=~~~~
Facial vein
.\~~~----
Superior
thyroid vein
Anterior
jugular vein
4--
Deep
cervical vein
EXfernal'~\
\lugular vein)
..
;.;.;.:.ilf.
~===~-- Vertebral
Internal ---+:.;;,:..;:';':;
jugular vein ~
Jugular
venous arch
left brachio- ---~~~+'JjIiE
cephalic vein
Angular vein
1:oC~-
Occipital vein
~-+--- Jugulofacial
~-Anterior
jugular vein
Jugulosubclavian
venous junction ---""""","'"
venous junction
~--Right
subclavian vein
vein
Supratrochlear
vein
Supraorbital vein
--:H"--II
vein
Angular vein
External nasal vein -~~
1~~t::;~~~
Emissaryvein (Vesalius)
communicating with
cavernous sinus
Infra orbital vein _.-If:o.-,;r.
ccipital vein
and artery
Posterior superior
alveolar veins
Palatine vein
Pterygoid Plexus:
~~~~~il~~!
uperficial temporal
vein and artery
Transversefacial vein (cut)
ostromandibular vein
,.---
,Retromandibular vei
tanterior and]
~ste[io[ branches~
(xternal jugular vein (cut~
Inferior alveolar vein and artery
Maxillary veins
--
Submandibular gland
Vena comitans of
hypoglossal nerve
Dorsal lingual vein coursing
medial to hyoglossus muscle
Lingual vein
Communication to anteior jugular vein (cut)
Superior laryngeal
vein
Transversecervical
vein (cut)
uprascapular vein (cut)
Subclavian artery
Inferior longitudinal
Palatopharyngeus
muscle
Palatoglossus muscle
muscle of tongue
Mastoid process
Digastric muscle (posterior
belly) (cut)
Styloid process
Pharyngobasilar fascia
Superior pharyngeal constrictor musel
Stylohyoid ligament
Styloglossus muscle
Glossophoryngeal part of superior
pharyngeal constrictor
Stylopharyngeus muscle
Stylohyoid muscle
Middle pharyngeal
constrictor muscle
rfJ!Iik--:<J
Hyoid bone
Superior pharyngeal
constrictor muscle
\'
Submandibular ganglio
J
/StYloglossus
V~
muscle
Palatoglossus muscle
Stylohyoid ligament
Stylopharyngeus muscle
Hyoglossus muscle (cut)
lingual orterv
External carotid artery
Artery to frenulum
Submandibular duct
lingual vein
Hyoid bone
Hypoglossal nerve
Tongue
NECK!
MINI ATLAS OF
ANATOMY
Parotid gland
Facial artery and vein
Submandibular gland
Mylohyoid muscle
2:;~~~~~!t
~tr::""'''-..,
Lingual artery
External carotid
artery
Internal carotid
artery
Thyrohyoid muscle
Superior thyroid artery
Omohyoid muscle (superior belly) (cut)
.
. {Superior root
Ansa cervlcolts Inferior root
Sternohyoid
muscle
Sternothyroid
muscle
artery
trunk:
Togeniohyoid muscl
Tothyrohyoid muscle
Communication to vagus nerve
Transverse cervical
nerves
~~:::::::::=:::::::::::~~---To
Sup~rior root
llnfenor root
To sternothyroid muscle
To sternohyoid muscle
Toomohyoid muscle (inferior belly)
Supraclavicular
nerves -...oIii~..u..;~
Pharyngobasilar fascia
Tensor veli palatini muscle
levator veli palatini muscle
lateral pterygoid plate
Pterygoid hamulus
Buccinator muscle (cut)
Pterygomandibular
raphe
Digastric muscle
(posterior belly) (cut)
Styloid process
Superior pharyngeal
constrictor muscle
Styloglossus muscle
Oblique line
of mandible
Stylohyoid ligament
Stylopharyngeus
muscle
Middle pharyngeal
constrictor muscle
Hyoglossus muscle
Greater horn of hyoid bone
Superior horn of thyroid cartilage
Thyrohyoid membrane
nferior pharyngeal
constrictor muscle
Tendinous arch
Thyroid cartilage
Median cricothyroid
ligament
ricopharyngeus muscle
(part of inferior pharyngeal
Cricothyroid muscle
Cricoid cartilage
Esophagus
constrictor
Medial pterygoid
Cartilaginous
plate
part of pharyngotympanic
(auditory) tube
muscle
fascia
veli palatini
muscle
~(i~~~~_
Pharyngeal raphe
'1Ir-ff::Pr-:H-lI---Anterior
longitudinal ligament
Anterior atlantooccipital
membrane
~~I'J~~I/)~W~[=
Salpingopharyngeus
muscle
1~:::~~~'2~~~I~~~~~~tj!~~t~=
!
Pterygoid hamulus
Palatopharyngeus muscle
Buccinator muscle
~---===l~-Glossopharyngeal
part of
t~~~il:~i~~:::g~-'-I
superior pharyngeal
constrictor
Stylopharyngeus muscle
Stylohyoid ligament
Styloglossus muscle
Middle pncrvnqeol
constrictor muscle
fold
space
.....
~~i-A~T.t--
...
=.,....;;---:-'tt'r-
Trachea
38
Pharyngeal
tonsil
Cartilaginous part
of pharyngotympanic
(auditory) tube
Styloid
process
Digastric
muscle
(posterior
belly)
Stylohyoid
muscle ---":"'--:J
II.~:';;:~:::----'!;f1""'----Levtor
veli
palatini muscle
Stylopha ryngeus
muscle-----:-
-ot-_
Accessory muscle
bundle from
petrous part of
temporal bone
Medial
pterygoid
Salpingopharyngeus
muscle
-- --
Uvule
Palatopharyngeus
muscle
---
Pharyngobasilar
Superior pharyngeal
constrictor muscle
muscle
Middle pharyngeal
constrictor muscle
fascia
Pharyngeal raphe
Superior pharyngeal
constrictor muscle
Pharyngoepiglottic
F'7;:t1tft~~~~-
constrictor
nferior pharyngeal
constrictor muscle (cut edge)
muscle
constrictor
Longitudinal
Internal branch of
superior laryngeal nerve
Pharyngeal
muscle
Cricopharyngeal
muscle (part of
inferior pharyngeal constrictor)
Longitudinal
esophageal
muscles
Thyrohyoid membrane
tubercle
Posterior cricoarytenoid
pharyngeal
Superior horn of
thyroid cartilage
muscle
Cuneiform tubercle
Corniculate
fold
NIT-
Epiglottis
Inferior pharyngeal
Aryepiglottic
fold
muscle
aponeurosis
Cricopharyngeus
muscle (part of
inferior pharyngeal constrictor)
Posterior border of thyroid cartilage
Cricoid attachment of longitudinal
esophageal muscle
Circular esophageal
muscle
lamina
MINI
ATLAS
OF
'X..,.
ANATOMY
. NECK~
Base of skull (basilar part of occipital bone)
1/ ~ /
Pharyngeal tonsil
~~fa=~~~~.
%!
~V
'" .
-~-._~
Styloid process
- Nasal septum
~[J:-~-1'-- Torustubarius
u:!a.I~
__
Nasopharynx
-r--Pharyngeal
opening
of pharyngotympanic
(auditory) tube
Pharyngeal recess
Parotid gland
Toruslevatorius (fold)
caused by levator
veli palatini muscle)
Salpingopharyngeal
fold
Soft palate
Angle of mandible
Submandibular gland
Uvula
Palatine tonsil
Oropharynx
Root of tongue
Palatopharyngeal
arch
Laryngopharynx
Cuneiform tubercle
----------------
Esophagus
nerve (V2)
-:~;~;i~~~
------~!~~~~~~i
Auriculotemporal
nerve (V)
Middle meningeal orten
Superficial temporal
artery (cut)
Facial nerve (VII) (cut)
Maxillary artery
Accesssory nerve (XI) (cut)
1 spinal nerve
(ventral ramus) (cut)
2 spinal nerve
(ventral ramus) (cut)
:-..--+-~~
Thyrocervical trunk
"~"'Il.._
Subclavian artery
-------"------17-
Philtrumof lip
Soft palate
Palatopharyngeal arch
Uvula
::=-_--7:'.--
-----i----
Palatoglossal arch
Palatine tonsil
------4~-_
Posteriorwall of pharynx
-":"'--::::::::='~~"---:-=-'
haryngeal opening of
pharyngofympanic
(auditory) tube
Sphenooccipital
synchondrosis
Nasopharynx
Pharyngeal
tonsil
Pharyngeal
tubercle
Pharyngeal
of occipital
raphe
Anterior longitudinal
Soft palate
ligament
nterior atlantooccipital
Palatine glands
Apical
Hard palate
Palatine tonsil
__ ~
Oropharynx
lingual tonsil
Genioglossus
muscle
membrane
ligament
Oral cavity
Body of tongue
bone
of dens
Anterior
arch of
atlas (Cl
vertebra)
Dens of
axis (C2
vertebra)
Pharyngeal
constrictor
muscles
~~~~----Buccopharyngeal
fascia
-rr.~~~--Retropharyngeal
space
Prevertebral
fascia and
anterior
longitudinal
ligament
Vertebral
bodies
==~~~~~~!!~~~~I~~~
Geniohyoid
muscle
Hyoid
bon~:
Hyoepiglottic
ligament
Thyrohyoid membrane
Laryngopharynx
Laryngeal inlet (aditus)
Thyroid cartilage
Transverse arytenoid
muscle
Cricoid cartilage
Trachea
Esophageal muscles
Thyroid gland
Investing layer of (deep) cervical fascia
Pretracheal fascia
Suprasternal space
Manubrium of sternum -~~-r.:::I"
ANATOMY
NEC~
Sphenoidal sinus
Pharyngeal tonsil
Torustubarius
Pharyngealtubercle (basilarpart of occipital bone)
Pharyngealraphe
Pharyngeal
openingof pharyngotympanic
(auditory)tul
Hard palate
Pharyngeal recess
m...::"--'!IIm7o-\ ...-....,-_
Salpingopharyngeal fold
~~It"--Soft
palate
1~::=~===~P.H~::1~:'-IPalatine
glands
~~~;:::=--';:':"':.;......::.:--;~
Uvula
~~~~ftr~ttitil~ii~~tr~=semilunar
fold
~
Supratonsillarfossa
Palatinetonsil
alatopharyngeal aech
.~+-:":"i-"":+-+~H~:r-:---;+--Palatoglossal
arch
~~~#'1ffr::;-:::rltr-
~~~~t-~f:~~~~:::,oroPharynX
..
'ft.,-.-a-.:-ilr:o---~~~~~:"-~-Tongue
Triangularfold
(drawnforward and downward)
;"'ili-~--ti+:lH~ff:""---Lingual
tonsil
Epiglottis
~~Vallecula
~_~m-:rr-----:
~-_1'
_~------1r
raPhe-:3~~~~~t~i~~~~I~i~~~~~~;l~f
TonsillarbranchPterygomandibular
of lesser palatine artery
Superior pharyngeal constrictor muscle
Tonsillarbranch of ascending pharyngeal artery
Palatoglossus muscle
Palatopharyngeus muscle
Tonsillarbranch of ascending palatine artery
Tonsillarbranch of facial artery
Tonsillarbranch of dorsal lingual artery
Glossopharyngeal nerve (IX) and tonsillar branch
Stylohyoid ligament
--"Zf,~.......a:
Hyoglossusmuscle::~E~~~~S;
Middle pharyngeal constrictor muscle
Stylopharyngeus muscle
Fcuces
,.....
......
""u,
Permanent
Deciduous
(primary)
Usual age of
eruption
(colored blue)
Usual age of
eruption
r=---.....;...--~~=-~~=t...--
Central incisor
(8-10 months
Lateral incisor
(8-10 months)
Canine (cuspid)
(16-20 months)
1st molar
(15-21months)
2nd molar
(20-24 months)
::~t-..!...;;.,.;2.
:I!~~~.J-I- __
~~~llii~~~~~~~~~~l
~
Incisive fossa
Horizontal
plate of
palatine
bon
Teeth
Ename
Dentine and dentinal tubules
1'Z~_---+-\-__
Crown
--lnterglobular
fij~~-!--"\__ -~~~~#i!J;!Il::;t=~;:==-lnterproXimal
Odontoblast
layer
spaces
Dental pulp containing
and nerves
Gingival
Neck
spaces
(gum) epithelium
vessels
(stratified)
Gingival groove
Lamina propria of gingiva (gum)
(mandibular or maxillary periosteum)
Periodontium
(alveolar periosteum)
Papilla
Cement
Root
..
..
Left upper
permanent
teeth:
labiobuccal
view
Left lower
permanent
teeth:
labiobuccal
view
Central
Lateral
Incisors
Canines
(cuspids)
Premolars
Teeth (continued)
Molars
Coronal dissection
Diploic veins
Arachnoid granulation
cerebroi vein penetrates subdural space to enter
SinUS
'.
--~-~~4i~\Y~!I~tl'i:_(rf::'~;.~~~~~~~~~~~~~li
p- __
---f--7-:"'i:::
Anterior tempo__
r..:a~1
diploic vein -
Occipital emissary
vein
Arachnoid granulations
Opening of superior
cerebral vein
:~~~~~~-Lateral
(venous)
lacuna
Superior sagittal
sinus
Dura mater
~~Mastoid
branch of
occipital artery
Meningeal branches of
ascending pharyngeal
artery
Mastoid branch
of occipital artery
----t~rf:fi~~~#_.J-.UJ
/._/Anterior and
,.!!/ posterior
~
meningeal
~~r
branches of
vertebral artery
Tentorial, cavernous sinusand
meningeal branches of
meningohypophyseal trunk
arteries
Great cerebral
vein (Galen)
Sagittal section
Superior
Straight
Tentorium
sagittal
sinus
sinus
cerebelli
.~.'"
Inferior
sagittal
Sphenoparietal
Anterior
and
sinus
,.'
sinus
posterior
~~2~~~~~~
intercavernous
sinuses
Superior petrosal sinus
:4
Basilar venous
Inferior
plexus
petrosal
sinus
To jugular
fora men
Sigmoid
si us
Transverse
sinus
Occipital
Falx cerebelli
Confluence
of sinuses
view
Superior
sagittal
sinus (cut
Falx cerebri
(cut)
Superior
ophthalmic
veinr
Anterior and posterior
"
intercavenous sinuses -Superficial middle
cerebral vein (cut)
Cavemous sinus
Basilar venous plexus
Superior petrosal sinus
Inferior petrosal sinus
Tentorial artery.
Tentorium cerebelli
Inferior cerebral
sinus
vein (cut)_-~
Transverse sinus
~~~~
sinus
Optic chiasma
Posterior communicating
nerve (Ill)
Intermal carotid
artery
artery
nerve (VI)
nerve (Vl)
____
- Hypophysis (pituitary
nerve (V2)
~....--Sphenoidal
.c.~.....
-Nasopharynx
49
nerve a
sinus
gland)
_:.t,;t.-~---Fax
cerebri
Lateral process of
septal nasal cartilage
Major
alar cartilage
Oral cavity
Frontal bone
Squamous part
Sinus-Nasal spine
Vomerine groove
(for nasopalatine nerve
and vessels
Septal cortuooe -~,....._
Major alar
cartilage (medial crus)
Maxilla
Crista galli }
Cribriform plate
Ethmoid bone
Perpendicular plate
_--Crest
Body
Sphenoidalsinus
Medial
Lateral
Plates of
pterygoid
process
Sphenoid
bone
Basilar part of
?In:~~~__occlpltol
bone
Pharyngeal
tubercle
Perpendicular plate
Nasal crest
Posteriornasal spine
Horizontal plate
Lesser palatine
foramen
Palatine
bone
_~,,,,,~-.w-::- ....
{~~~,.;;.;._jiiii~"~~~~~.".Sphenoethmoidal
Frontal sinus
Opening of
sphenoidal sinus
ypophysis
(pituitary gland)
in sella turcica
--1.ll1:.--- ...
r Sphenoidal sinus
Pharyngeal tonsil
(adenoid if enlarged)
Basilar part of
occipital bone
-m~"""l-.:...;l,I~Pharyngeal
~~~~,
raphe
Choane
recess
-==_'::_~~l1";7~1~~l~~~~~.;~~~
Torustubarius
OPening of
pharyngotympanic
(auditory) tube
Pharyngeal recess
Horizontal plate of
palatine bone
Soft palate
_~Tlll
Incisive canal
Tongue
i/...... ;-
~--
Speculum view
Frontal sinus
'~~~~ii
iiiil~
Ethmoidal bulla
Openingsof middle ethmoidal cells
Semilunar hiatus with opening
of anterior ethmoidal cells
L~~--:rJ~
Uncinate process
Inferior nasal concha
(cut surface)
Opening of nasolacrimal duct
Inferior nasal meatus
Torustubarius
Openinq of
pharyngotympanic
(auditory) tube
Anterior arch
of atlas (Cl vertebra)
Dens of axis
(C2 vertebra)
Sagittal section
Ethmoidal cells
Frontal sinus
Opening of
sphenoidal sinus
Middle nasal
concha (cut away)
Unicinate process
Opening of
maxillary sinus
Inferior nasal concha
.......;,r.
Orbit --~~-...,..~
Pterygopalatine fossa
Maxillary sinus
Rootsof teeth
_Jb~~It-j'7t!JIT-t"jtrP..""""_,,,
lateral dissection
52
Lacrimal bone
Frontal bone
soucrnous part
sinus
{ Nasal spine
I'
----4-~
,
"
"'
Sphenoethmoidal
bone
recess
Sphenopalatine
Agger nasi
foramen
----:::~.L..:.;~fi~,
Basilar part of
occipital bone
Alar fibrofatty
tissue
_~~~::::3
~~JJ~fi~~~Y:li~Wn
Sphenoidal
sinus
Medial
and
Lateral
plates of
pterygoid
process
Maxilla
Alveolar process
Inferior
nasal concha
Sphenoid bone
Pterygoid
hamulus
Sphenoidal process
Orbital process
Posteriornasal spine Palatine
Perpendicularplate
Horizontal plate
bone
Ethmoidal bulla
Opening of middle ethmoidal
Superior nasal concha
Opening of frontonasal
cells
(Cut away)
canal
Openings of posterior ethmoidal
(cut away)~~~!p-~""'-I~~~~~I.~~~
leading
canal
to
Opening of sphenoidal
sinus
~---~;",:-~~~~f~~~~:I~Uj
Sphenopalatine
cells
(cut away)
Ethmoidal process of
inferior nasal concha
Lesser palatine
Opening of nasolacrimal
canal
Greater palatine
fora men
foramen
foramen
Posterior septal
branch of
sphenopalatine
artery
Sphenopalatine
artery
Alar branches of
lateral nasal
branch
(of facial artery
Posterior
lateral nasal
branches of
sphenopalatine
artery
Anastomosis between
posterior septal branch
of sphenopalatine artery
and greater palatine
artery in incisive canal
External carotid
artery
Lesser palatine fora men and artery
Greater palatine foremen and artery
Olfactory
nerves (I)
Incisive canal
Schematic
hinge
External nasal
branches of
anterior
ethmoidal
nerve (Vj)
Pterygopalatine
ganglion
Nerve (vidian)
of pterygoid canal
Internal nasal
branches of
infraorbital
nerve (V2)
Communication
between greater
palatine and nasopalatine
nerves at incisive canal
Greater palatine
nerve (V2)
nerve (Vj)
~"""-~~--Greater
petrosal nerve
Deep petrosal nerve
~;::::;.:;c:::=:
~~--~~~~I~
canal
Lateral
wall of
nasal
cavity
Incisive canal
Nasal septum
Coronal section
Olfactory bulbs
Celebral falx
Frontal sinus
Brain
Middle
nasal concha
Middle
'JflDl~~~~~t@f.Tt~~=
nasal meatus~-1f11M~~~~~~rtJ
InfraorbitallRecessesof
Zygomatic maxillary
Alveolar
sinus
I1
Buccinator muscle
~!.!~4f.~ff-_-Alveolar
process of maxilla
Inferiornasal concha
Body of tongue
Hard palate
.J;~~~~r--Sublingual
gland
Oral cavity
Mandible (body)
~U!!!~~~~~r
Orbital fat and muscles
-~r;7~~~~
Medial wall
of orbit
ptic nerve (11)
Sphenoidal sinuses--I1ti;;-::n~II!!E:~~-d:~
Optic chiasma
---~~+-~
-':~~...:.:::-
Horizontal section
Paranasal Sinuses
NEC~
~~a~---"7If----~
Epiglottis -----1r;:;;:---tC..!
Hyoid bone
Thyrohyoidmembrane
~L-~";"":7"---
Superiorthyroid notch
Thyroidcartilage lamina _ .
~_.
Vocal ligament
-----r-:-:,_~
- Cricoid cartilage
Trachea
----.......3i:II
Posterior view
Anterior view
Corniculate cartilage
~~tceu~~~~urface
Cricoid
cartilage
Vocal process
cartilage
Arch ------..31
Anterosuperior view
~~
~_~EPiglottis-;:~
Hyoepiglottic ligament
u_----Hyoid
bone----....f...!~---~,...
Thyrohyoidmembrane__ -+-~.:-.
Thyroidcartilage lamina
tl
t-".::~~
~~~~-=W
Oblique line
laryngeal prominence
Corniculate cartilage
Arytenoid cartilage
Media~
.......1-.;;;:;---t
ateralJ\
Muscular process
Vocal process
----=~~~~~:::::i
Vocal ligament
Thyroepiglottic ligament
Cricothyroid ligament
Cricoid cartilage
Cricothyroid joint
Trachea
Cartilages of Larynx
;y
Epiglottis
Aryepiglottic
fold
Cuneiform
tubercle
Oblique and transverse
Corniculate
arytenoid muscles
tubercle
-....ll;"'-..-jF.r---Aryepiglottic
osterior cricoarytenoid
muscle
muscle
~~~ ......
-..-.;jt..-- Oblique
arytenoid muscle
Transverse
~ ~Straight
}
~
part
.Cricothyroid
arytenoid muscle
'\i~~~~:;-:::~---\:----Oblique
muscle
Posterior
-.... .....
'.1~'-part
cricoarytenoid
____
-..;0::;1
muscle
Cricoid cartilage
Epiglottis
Thyroepiglottic
muscle
Oblique and
transverse
arytenoid muscles
Posterior
cricoarytenoid
muscle
Lateral
cricoarytenoid
muscle
Thyroidarticular
surface
----~i-.I.-
Lamina of
cricoid cartilage
Conus elasticus
Cricothyroid
muscle (cut away)
Lateral dissection
Posterior cricoarytenoid
muscle
Lateral cricoarytenoid
muscle
Vocalis muscle
Vocal ligament
Superior view
,,
\
/',
I
I
J
Cricothyroid joint
(Pivot point) --+-:t-ti-
,{ ~/
I
I
muscle
Action of cricothyroid
muscles lengthening
(increasing tension)
fo vocal ligaments
IA.~~~
--Superior
laryngeal nerve
Internal branch
. External branch
Internal branch of
SUPE
rlor laryngeal
sensory
nerve
branches to larynx
Ansa of Galen
~~~H---:--Aryepiglottic
,, __
muscle
Thyroepiglottic
t?<~-;'~=+l-J.--Transverse
muscle
and oblique
arytenoid
muscles
Thyroarytenoid
muscle
Vocalis muscle
~ ..
Cricothyroid
;il;~~~;:=-
muscle
Cricopharyngeus
muscle
(part of inferior
pharyngeal constrictor)
Lateral cricoarytenoid
muscle
osterior cricoarytenoid
muscle
Recurrent
laryngeal nerve
Recurrent laryngeal
nerve (X)
~!....--Left common
J-~-~~~~..;.i~:a"M~#r---
carotid
artery
nerve
.u.-I-~=---Left recurrent
Anomalous (retroesophageal)
right subclavian artery
nerve
laryngeal
,.::::._
Left subclavian
Right common
nerve
artery
Anomalous (retroesophageal)
right subclavian artery originating
from left side of aortic arch
carotid artery
Arch of aorta----+-~'7-~_-4---Left
recurrent laryngeal
Anterior view:
anomalous right
inferior laryngeal
nerve, not recurrent,
associated with
anomalous right
subclavian artery
Nerves of Larynx
iJ/ik,y)
/-
nerve
Helix
Triangular fossa
Crura of
antihelix ~-~
Auricular
tubercle
(Darwin)
71'
Scapha
Antihelix
Concha sCymba
of ourlcle] Cavity
lobule of auricle
Right auricle
Malleus
ncus
Epitympanic recess
Stapes
Tensor
tympani
muscle
'"Tympanic cavity
T
Pharyngotympanic
(auditory) tube
levator veli palatini muscle
Auditory ossicles
Articular surface
for inCus\ .
-/
~
Neck--~-~'
Handl
Head
Articular
surface
for malleus
Anterior
process
__ ~ __
Base
lateral
process
Posterior
limb
Malleus:
lateral view
Head
Incus:
lateral view
Anterior
limb
Frontal section
Limbs of stapes
canal
Vestibule
Incu
Tegmen tympani
Malleus (head)
Epitympanic
Vestibular nerve
recess
Cochlear nerve
Auricle
Internal acoustic
eatus
Vestlbulocochlear
nerve (VIII)
External
acoustic meatus
Helicotrem
Tympanic membrane
Scala vestibuli
Tympanic cavity
Promontory
Round (cochlear) window
Pharyngotympanlc
(auditory) tube
Cochlear duct
containing
spiral organ
(Corti)
Scala tympani
Nasopharynx
Cochlea
Head of malleus
Epitympanic recess
..
Tensortympani muscle
r~~~?-f--- Chorda
Handle of
malleus
~.:;;;.~~-
-I-~~_...L..
__
lenticular
tympani nerve
process of inc
Pharyngotympanic
(auditory) tuoe
Internal carotid -~~~~~./J
artery
canal
Mastoid antrum
Base of stapes in
fossa of oval (vestibular)
window
limbs of stapes---i"-':.:J
Pyramidal
eminence --'t':::!l~~-&..l~~:!!!:::
Pharyngotympanic
(auditory) tube
Chorda tympani
nerve (cut)
Mastoid cells
Tendon of stapedius
muscle
Fossa of round
(cochlear) window
Jugular fossa
Tympanic cells
Tympanic Cavity
Semicircular
Common
view:
Posterior
lateral
Anterior
canals
Semicircular canals
bony limb
(note
Cochlear recess
.
Spherical reces perforations
for nerve
fibers)
Ampullae
Vestibule
Cochlea
Oval (vestibular)
window
Round (cochlear)
window
amulus
of spiral
lamina
Internal opening of
vestibular aqueduct
(for endolymphatic
duct)
Round (cochlear) window
Cochlear
cupula
Scala vestibuli
Osseous spiral
lamina
Scala tympani
Utricle
Cochlear nerve
lateral
semicircular
duct
11rf---Posterior
semicircular
duct
~-::::~~".._
Saccule
Vestibular ganglion
Endolymphatic duct
Inferior part of vestibular nerve (from
saccule and posterior membranous ampulla)
Posterior membranous
ampulla
.W'/
Corneoscleral junction
(corneal limbus)
V~
--..;,o~
Lacrimal caruncle in
lacrimal lake (locus lacrimalis)
r'L<~'---lnferior
Bulbar conjunctiva
over sclera ---
----.'r~..."'.....
Bulbar conjunctiva
Superior tarsus
Tarsal (meibomian) glands ~
Sebaceous glands
'i-:o.;(,--....l.- __
Palpebral conlunctlvi
Cornea
Eyelashes (cilia)
Iris
Posterior chamber
Inferior tarsus
Orbicularis oculi muscle (palpebral part)
Inferior conjunctival fornix
Orbital septum
Frontal bone
__
~
..-.~
--+-""~~,-:-;"'
...
~P;
Orbital septum __
Zygomatic bone
I------J..~..,.-..-~
lacrimal canaliculi
lacrimal sac
Palpebral part of
lacrimal gland
-----+_~~~
Nasolacrimal duct
Excretoryducts of
lacrimal gland
~_--
Plica semilunaris
Opening of
nasolacrimal duct
lacrimal caruncle
..!:;:.-f-lf.f1~~~~K;~~."~
Excretory ducts of
lacrimal gland
Nasolacrimal duct
Middle nasal
concha
Plica semilunaris
and lacrimal lake
;",;..._--Nasal
cavity
lacrimal caruncle
~---Inferior
nasal
concha (cut)
Inferiorlacrimal papilla and punctum
Inferior nasal meatu
Opening of nasolacrimal duct
Lacrimal Apparatus
Horiaontal section
Tarsusof eyelid
Palpebral conjunctiva
Bulbar conjunctiva
Nasal cavity
Check ligament of
medial rectus muscle---rlHH~-r;;~;./t.~\~
Ethmoidal cells _--r:"!!'"
lllr.:-,"",,-
n..:.~~r--Periorbita
Periorbita
.JIII,.JJ,...:J,.:......jiJ.-:.--...!--
__
"
Sclera
~-:'f-r-:rP:---~-Fascial
sheath of eyebal
(Tenon'scapsule)
Episcleral space
~~~,}:~t!.:~~~~L-lateral
rectus muscle
and fascial sheath
Retrobulbar fat
(orbital fat body)
Episcleral space
Optic nerve (11) and
outer sheath -----
:"!~~~ff-_..;....._---
Ethmoidal cell
Sclera
tJLfiS["4+",:::;:~ttt.[_-Fascial
sheath of eyeball
(Tenon'scapsule)
~--Inferior
rectus muscle
and fascial sheath
Inferior oblique muscle
and fascial sheath
Infraorbital nerve (V2)
Periorbita-~~~\Lf~~,,(
tendinous ring
Frontal section
Sclera
Fascial sheath of eyeball
(Tenon'scapsule) --Episcleral space
-common
.~.:,
::;'1
.-> <>:
tJ:/a~.~-~--~
,-;~
_____
~~
.~tlllli1I""--Superior
rectus muscle
~~tlC::::::::--Medial
rectus muscle
Optic nerve (11)]
t
in optic canal
Op htha Imic ar ery
Inferior rectus muscle
Inferior branch of oculomotor nerve (Ill)
Nasociliary nerve (Vl)
lateral
~---J.--Inferior
oblique muscle
-~Superior tarsus
Superior view
~~~~-levator
Superior oblique muscle __
~!..!!.._
palpebrae
superioris muscle (cut)
~t....:..._+*-~:----Superior
~~_--
~3"--:fii_.--Superior..
oblique muscle
[
Trochlear
nerve (IV)
levator palpebrae
superioris muscle
Superior rectus muscle
Oculomotor
nerve (11/) Medial rectus muscle
Superior view
L!.,;!I,.-_--oupraorbital
Anterior meningeal artery
artery
Zygomatic branches
~_-
~---
Continuation of
ophthalmic artery
Muscular branch
Muscular branch
Ophthalmic artery
Internal carotid artery ---h-- __ .I
Supraorbital artery
Supratrochlear artery
Dorsal nasal artery
Anterior view
Superior medial
palpebral artery
Frontal branch of
superficial temporal artery
artery
Facial artery
Infraorbital artery
Supratrochlear vein
Lateral view
Supraorbital vein
Inferior medial
palpebral artery
Superior and inferior
palpebral arterial archei
----"~"""rII~~l\
Nasofrontal vein
-Vorticose veins
Facial vein
--~i,oIjj
Maxillary vein
Retromandibular vein
1::3=~-Deep
facial vein
I __ S
3i]
Superior view
--~~...tJ
Supratrochlear nerve
Medial rectus muscle-
~~
lacrimal
lacrimal nerve
lateral rectus
muscle
Frontal nerve
Maxillary nerve
(V2)
---"""ii;-r...~~1;..
nerve
---++~r.--
Nasociliary nerve
Trochlear nerve (IV)
Meningeal branch
of maxillary nerve
Mandibular nerve
nerve (Vl)
---":tS~~~?~
nerve (Ill)
lesser petrosal
nerve
Meningeal branch
of mondlbulor nerve
Greater petrosal
nerve
Trigeminal (semilunar)
ganglion
.J.;.~~~---:.;.-:--:--Tentorial nerve (meningeal)
branch of ophthalmic nerve
--~~;;::::;;;:g2~rJj,
Tentorium cerebelli- __
.!.I
Superior view
levator palpebrae superioris,
superior rectus and superior
oblique muscles partially
cut away
Anterior ethmoidal
nerve
!::~:r-
C)
Ciliary ganglion
~~
nerve (cut)
Infratrochlear
0f'
Supratrochlear
gland
nerve
Superior branch of
oculomotor nerve (1-/1) (cut)
Abducent
Nasociliary nerve
Internal carotid plexus --~~~~~
Trochlear nerve (IV) (cut)
nerve (VI)
Inferior branch of
oculomotor nerve (11/)
lacrimal nerve
Frontal nerve (cut)
Ophthalmic
nerve (Vl)
Nerves of Orbit
70
Horizontal section
Cornea
Zonular fibers
Capsule of lens
(suspensory ligament of lens)
lens
Scleral venous sinus
(Schlemm's canal)
Anterior chamber
Iris
Posterior chamber
( Iridocorneal angle
Scleral spur
Ciliary processes
Bulbar conjunctiva
Ora serrata
Tendon of
medial recnn
muscle
Optic (visual)
part of retina
Choroid
Hyaloid canal
Perichoroidal space
Sclera ~
Fascial sheath of e~
(Tenon's capsule)
-l~:----
Episcleral space
""-~~
space
Eye ball
71
lamina cribrosa of
sclera
Optic nerve (11)
__
Central retinal
artery and vein
Cornea
terior chamber
idocorneal
ngle----'
Iris
Ciliary
body
Lens
Muscular artery
w~--and
vein
sterior chamber
Zonular fibers
:p--
Retina-~
Vitreous chamber
"--~---Long
Extrinsic eye
muscle
posterior
ciliary artery
Vorticose vein
//----Episcleral
and venule
Superior macular
arteriole and
venule
Superior
nasal retinal
arteriol
and
venule
-~1t---~~_.i_"..::-_...;..;;..;.+-_Optic
disc
Macula and
fovea centralis --~.;-------
Inferior temporal
retinal arteriole
and venule
Inferior nasal
retinalarteriol
and venule
view
Inferior macular
arteriole and view
~Sclera
/Choroid
Optic part of retina
, Vora
~~_= /\
serrata
Axis
Orbiculus ciliaris of
ciliary body covered
by ciliary part of retina
Ciliary processes
Nucleus
Capsule
Cortex
Equator
Posteriorchamber
Preequatorial
Equatorial
{
Postequatorial
Horizontal section
k-r~'--__
Zonular fibers
Iris
73
lens
Schwalbe's line
'Trabecular meshwork and spaces
of iridocorneal angle (Fontana)
angle
Pectinate ligament
Major arterial
circle of iris
Anterior ciliary vein
Bulbar
conjunctiva
olds of iris
Minor arterial
circle of iris
Sclera
Meridional
Vbers
t
Ciliary
process
Circular
fibers!
Ciliary muscle
Ciliary body
Perichoroidal space
Dilator
muscle
of pupil
onular fibers
(suspensory
ligament
of lens
Pigment
epithelium
(iridial part of
retina)
Sphincter muscle of pupil
Basilar part of
occipital bone
Occipital
Jugular process of
occipital bone
Mastoid process
Styloid process
-------'d
,,~\~"''':p_
------=-,r
Anterior
Tuberclesof transvers
Posterior ~processof C3 vertebr
Posterior tubercle of
transverse process of axis (C2)
Anterior
.
Middle
Middle
Scalen
posterior~ muscle
Posterior
Phrenic nerve
Brachial plexus
1st rib
Subclavian vein
-~"!'J
Facial nodes
Nasola bial---:::;:;;:::::t1iiit
Buccinator
Occipital nodes
Mastoid nodes
Mandibular
nodes
sternocleldorncstok
nodes
Superior lateral
superficial cervical
(external jugular)
node
~ugulodigastric node
Submandibular
nodes
Submental
nodes--........:::;~~
Posterior lateral
superficial cervical
(spinal accessory)
nodes
Suprahyoid nOde-=:~~~~~~~~
-Superior thyroid nodes
Juguloomohyoid
node
Intercalated node
Inferior deep
lateral cervical
(scalene) node
Transverse
cervical
chain of
nodes
Jugular trunk--&.-:-7I:I
Supraclavicular
nodes
Greater wing of
sphenoid
H Hypophyseal fossa
L Lambdoid suture
M Maxillary sinus
MS Mastoid air cells
P Palatine process of
maxilla
S Sphenoid sinus
A Angle of mandible
C Crista galli
E Ethmoid sinus
F Frontal sinus
G Greater wing of sphenoid
L Lesserwing of sphenoid
M Maxillary sinus
R Ramus of mandible