REPORT1:INVERTERS

Power Elecrtonics

Submitted to: Dr. Abd El Moneam

Mahgoub
Submitted by:Ghadeer Ehab Ismail
Aboulfath
Section: 5 BN:8

Application of inverters:

Mainly, inverters are electronic devices which changes the Dc current into an AC
current with a certain frequency that can be obtained according to the design,
such as multilevel inverter, square inverters and diode-clamped multilevel
inverters.
Some applications of these devices are:
1. Induction heating: the main idea of the configuration is to convert a
low frequency AC power to higher frequency, so a rectifier is needed to
provide a DC power. Then comes the role of inverters which changes the
DC signal into an AC signal.
2. DC power supply: inverters are used to convert the DC sources from
batteries or fuel cells to AC with any required frequency and max output
voltage.
3. Uninterruptable power supply (UPS): when power cut-off,
inverters and batteries are designed to supply AC power until power gets
back on, then rectifiers are used to recharge the batteries for further
usage.
4. Solar panels: solar energy is now trending as its cheaper, economical
hence more affordable. One problem is that the panel produces DC output
which needs to be converted into AC to power our appliances.
Other applications are: High Voltage DC power transmission and

electroshock weapons.

TECHNIQUES

BIPOLAR

Single Phase Inverters

1.Square inverter:

500

400

400

300

300

200

200

100

100

-100

-100
-200

-200

-300
-300
-400

-400
0

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.04

0.05

0.06

-500

0.01

0.02

Fig.1 supply current

0.06

400

is the same

300

only shifted by half a cycle)

200

100

100

0
-100

-100

-200

-200

-300

-300
-400

0.05

fig.4 gate signal of

500

300
200

0.04

Fig.2 load voltage

Fig.3 load current

s1 &2 (gate signal of 3&4

400

0.03

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.04

0.05

0.06

-400
-500

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.04

0.05

0.06

2.Quasi-square inverter:

Fig.1 supply current

fig.2 load voltage

500

400

400

300
300

200

200
100

voltge

supplycurrent

100

0
-100
-200

-100

-300

-200
-400

-300

0.005

0.01

0.015

0.02

time

0.025

0.03

0.035

0.04

-500

30

0.005

0.01

0.015

0.02

time

0.025

0.03

0.035

0.04

Fig.3 load current

400

300

load current

200

100

-100

-200

-300

0.01

0.02

0.03
time (sec)

1.5

0.04

0.05

1.5

Fig.4 gate signal of S1 & S2

of S3& S4

Fig.5 gate signal

1

gate signal

gate signal

0.5

-0.5

0.06

0.5

0.01

0.02

0.03

time (s)

0.04

0.05

0.06

-0.5

0.01

0.02

0.03

time (sec)

0.04

0.05

0.06

3.Optimized PWM inverter: the design was to eliminate the 3rd and 5th
harmonics

200

supply current (amp)

150
100

Fig.1 supply current

50

0
-50

-100
0.02

0.03

0.04

0.05

0.06

0.05

0.06

time (s)

0.07

0.08

500
400
300
200

voltage

Fig.2 Load100
voltage
0

-100
-200
-300
-400
-500
0.02

0.03

0.04

time(sec)
5

0.07

0.08

Fig.3 Load current:

250
200

current (amp)

150
100
50
0
-50

-100
-150
-200
-250
0.02

0.03

0.04

0.05

time (sec)

0.06

0.07

0.08

0.06

0.07

0.08

Fig.3 gate signal of S1 (in green) & S2 (in blue)

1.5

gate signal

0.5

-0.5
0.02

0.03

0.04

0.05

time (sec)

Fig4. Gate signal of S3 (in blue) & S4 (in green)

1.5

ig (amp)

0.5

-0.5
0.02

0.03

0.04

0.05

time(sec)

The model of the subsystem :

0.06

0.07

0.08

Fig.1 supply current

800

supplu current (amp)

600
400
200
0

-200
-400
-600
0.02

0.025

0.03

0.035

0.04

time (sec)

Fig.2 load voltage

0.045

0.05

0.055

0.06

1500
1000

load voltage

500
0
-500

-1000
-1500
0.02

0.025

0.03

0.035

0.04

time (sec)

0.045

0.05

0.055

0.06

Fig.3 load current

800

load current (amp)

600
400
200
0

-200
-400
-600
-800
0.02

0.025

0.03

0.035

0.04

time (sec)

Fig.4 gate signal of s1(b) & s2(g)

0.045

0.05

0.055

0.06

1.5

gate signal

0.5

-0.5
0.02

0.025

0.03

0.035

0.04

0.045

0.05

0.055

0.06

0.04

0.045

0.05

0.055

0.06

time

Fig.5 gate signal of s3(b) &s4(g)

1.5

gate signal

0.5

-0.5
0.02

0.025

0.03

0.035

time

Using the powergui and the FFT analysis tool, I took the THD readings of each
load current for comparison (these readings were taken with a start time was
taken after the first cycle)
Type of inverter

THD%

Square inverter

14.08

Quasi-square inverter

9.48

Optimized PWM

8.21

Multi-level inverter

1.54

One advantage of square and quasi inverters are the simplicity of its design and
they need less components, on the other hand, they have a high distortion
especially those of 3rd and 5th order.
Optimized PWM inverters are the most preferable ase it can be designed to
eliminate certain harmonics with low total harmonics distortion, more pulse
cutting can be done to get much more satisfying results. It can be used if the
load voltage mustnt exceed the supply voltage.

10

Multi-level inverters show a very low distortions, and can also be designed to
eliminate the desired harmonic. The max load voltage is a multiple of the supply
voltage equal to the no. of levels. Also the design of each level is very similar to
quasi- square inverter, but its very large and needs lots of components.

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