PHARMACOLOGY MNEMONICS

1) NARCOTIC ANALGESICS
Narcotic analgesics such as morphine, meperidine, codeine and propoxyphene have
many important clinical uses. However, one must be careful to make sure that pts do not
get sucked in by the VAACUUM of narcotic side effects and addictive properties.
V Vomiting
A Analgesia
A Antitussive
C Constipation
U Under = sedation
U Under = respiratory depression
M Miosis
2) BENZODIAZEPINES
The main pharmacologic actions of benzodiazepines can be remembered by the
mnemonic,
SCAM.
S Sedation
C anti Convulsant
A anti Anxiety
M Muscle relaxation
3) Side effects of Cytotoxic drugs
ABCDEFGHI
A:Alopecia
B:Bone marrow suppression
-Aplastic aaemia
-Thrombocytopenia
-Agranulocytosis
C:Carcinogenicity(secondary)
D:Dermatitis
E:Enteric disorders
-Nausea, Vomiting, Hemorrhage, Xerostomia, Stomatitis
F:Fetal death, abortion, terartogenicity

G:Gonads: sterility, oligozoospermia, amenorrhea, mutagenesis

H:Hyperuricemia: gout, urate, stones
I:Immunosuppresion: opportunistic infections
Kidney(nephro-)toxicity
4)Antibiotics contraindicated in pregnancy:
FACE STM
F:Fluoroquinolones
A:Aminoglycosides
C:Clarithromycin/Chloramphenicol
E:Erythromycin
S:Sulphonamides
T:Tetracycline
M:Metronidazole
5)Adverse effects of Valproate:
VALPROATE
V:Vomitting
A:Alopecia
L:Liver toxicity
P:Pancreatitis
R:Rashes and Thrombocytopenia
O:Oedema
A:Ataxia
T:Tremors
Each others metabolism with Carbamazepine
6)Drugs that cause Acne Vulgaris
PHILIPS OCP
PP:henytoin
H:Halogens
I:Isoniazid
L:Lithium

P:Phenobarbitone
S:Steroids
OCP:(Oral Contraceptive Pills)
7)Anti-hypertensives contraindicated in pregnancy
DARSAN
D:Diuretics
AA:ngiotensin I antagonist
R:Reserpine
S:Sodium nitroprusside
A:ACE inhibitors
N:Non-selective beta blockers
8)Non-antimalarial uses of chloroquine:
RED LIP
RR:heumatoid arthritis
EE:xtraintestinal amoebiasis
D:DLE(Discoid Lupus Erythematosus)
L:Lepara reaction
I:Infectious Mononucleosis
P:Phytogenic reactions
9)Methyldopa: side effects
METHYLDOPA
M:Mental retardation
E:Electrolyte imbalance
T:Tolerance
H:Teadache/Hepatotoxicity
Y:psYchological upset Lactation (in females)
D:Dry mouth
O:Oedema
P:Parkinsonism
A:Pnaemia(hemolytic)

10)Aspirin Adverse effects

ASPIRIN
A:Asthma
S:Salicylism
P:Peptic Ulcer Disease
I:Intestinal blood loss
R:Reyes syndrome
I:Idiosyncracy Noise(tinnitus)
N:Never use Xylocaine with Adrenaline in the DIGITAL PEN Digits Penis Ear Nose tip
11)Adverse Effects Of Sulfonamide :
Just Remember SULFONAMIDES
S: Steven Johnson Syndrome
U:Urticaria
L: Leukopenia
F:Folic acid Deficiency
O:Obstruction in Urinary Tract
N: Nephritis
A:Aplastic Anemia
M:Methenamine Contraindication
I:Increase Risk Of Kernicterus
D:Drug Fever
E:Eosinophilia
S:Skin Rashes
12) Drugs Causing Stevens Johson Syndrome
Remember These Words : LAPSE PCP
L:Lamotrigine
A:Allopurinol
P:Penicillin
S:Sulfa Drugs
E:Erythromycin
P:Phenobarbitol

C:Carbamazepine
P:Phenytoin
13) SSRI Adverse Effects:
S.S.S
S:Stomach Upset
S:Sexual Dysfunctions
S:Serotonin Syndrome
15)Hepatic Necrosis:Drugs Causing Focal To massive Necrosis
Dont Forget This Statement
Very Angry Hepatocytes
V:Valproic Acid
A:Acetaminophen
H:Halothane
16)Adrenoceptors:Vasomotor Function Of alpha vs Beta
ABCD
Alpha=Constrict
Beta =Dilate
17)Antiarrhythmics: Class 3 Members
Remember BIAS
Bretylium
Ibutilide
Amiodarone
Sotalol
18)Beta Blockers Contraindication And Cautions
Remember
ABCDE
A:Ashtma
B:Block (Heart Block)

C:OPD
D:Diabetes Mellitus
E:Electrolyte (Hyperkalemia)
19)Non Selective Beta Blockers
Rememebr This sentence
Tim Pinches Has Nasal Problem(because He Has Runny Nose)
T:Timolol
P:Pindolol
H:Hismolol
N:Nadolol
P:Propranolol
20)Thrombolytic Agents
Remember U S A
U:Urokinase
S:Streptokinase
A:Alteplase
21)Warfarin Action And Monitoring
Just Remember WePT
Warfarin Works On The Extrinsic Pathway And Is Monitored By PT
Warfarin Metabolism:
SLOW
Has A slow Onset Of Action.
A quick Vit K Antagonist,Though Small Lipid Soluble Molecule
Liver:Site Of Action
Oral Route Of Administration.
Warfarin.

22)Gynocomastia causing drugs

Remember
DISCOS

D:Digoxin
I:Isoniazide
S:Spironolactone
C:Cimetidine
O:Oestrogens
S:Stilboestrol
K+ Increasing Agents
Remember K-BANK
K:K-Sparing Diuretic
B:Beta Blockers
A:ACEI
N:NSAID
K:K-Supplement
23)Propythioracil (PTU):Mechanism
It Inhibit PTU
P:Peroxidase/Peripheral Deiodination
T:Tyrosine Iodination
U:Union(Coupling)
24)Steroid Side Effects
Remember CUSHINGOID
C:Cataracts
U:Ulcer
S:Skin;Striae,thinning,bruising
H:Hypertension,Hyperglycemia,Hirsutism
I:Infections
N:Necrosis,Avascular Necrosis Of the Femoral Head

G:Glycosuria
O:Osteoporosis,Obesity
I:Immunosuppression
D:Diabetes
25)Lupus:
Drugs inducing Lupus
Remember
HIP
H:Hydralazine
I:INH
P:Procainamide
26)Diuretic:Thiazide Indications
CHIC To Use
C:CHF
H:Hypertension
I:Insipidous
C:Calcium Calculi
27)Nitrofurantoin:Major Side Effects
NitroFurAntoin:
N:Neuropathy (Peripheral Neuropathy
F:Fibrosis (Pulmonary Fibrosis)
A:Anemia (Hemolytic Anemia)
28)Osmotic Diuretics: Members
GUM
G:Glycerol
U:Urea
M:Mannitol

29) 4-Aminopyredine (4-AP) Use

4 Is For AP
For AP (Action Potential)Propagation In Multiple Sclerosis.
30)Anticholinergic Side Effects
Know The ABCDS Of Anticholinergic Side effects
A:Anorexia
B:Blurry Vision
C:Constipation/Confusion
D:Dry Mouth
S:Sedation/stasis Of Urine
31)Antimuscarinics:Members Action:
Inhibit Parasympathetic And Sweat
I:Ipratropium
P:Pirenzepine
A:Atropine
S:Scopolamine
32)Aspirin Side Effects
ASPIRIN
A:Asthma
S:Salicylism
P:Peptic Ulcer Disease/Phosphorylation-Oxidation Uncoupling/PPH/Platelet
Disaggregation Premature Closure Of PDA
I:Intestinal Blood Loss
R:Reye;s syndrome
I:Idiosyncrasy
N:Noise(Tinnitus)
33)Benzodiazepines:
Safe To Use In Liver Failure)
LOT

L:Lorazepam
O:Oxazepam
T:Temazepam
34)Benzodiazepines:Antidote
Remember
Ben Is Off With The Flu
Benzodiazepine Effect Off With Flumazenil.
35)Beta 1 Selective Blockers:
BEAM ONE up,Jhon
B:Beta 1 Blockers
E:Esmolol
A:Atenolol
M:Metoprolol
36)Cholinergics(eg Organophosphates) Effects
If You Know These You will be LESS DUMB
L:Lacrimation
E:Excitation Of Nicotinic Synapse
S:Salivation
S:sweating
D:Diarrhea
U:Urination
M:Micturition
B:Bronchoconstriction
37)Delerium Causing Drugs
ACUTE CHANGE IN MS:
A:Antibiotic(Ciprofloxacin,Penicillin,Biaxin)
C:Cardia Drugs (Digoxin,Lidocaine)
U:Urinary Incontinence Drugs (Anticholinergics)
T:Theophylline
E:Ethanol
C:Corticosteroids
H:H2 Blockers
A:Antiparkinsonian Drugs

N:Narcotics (Esp.Mepridine)
G:Geriatric Psychiatric Drugs
E:ENT drugs
I:Insomnia
N:NSAID eh Indomethacin,naproxen
M:Muscle Relaxants
S:Seizure Medicines
38)Direct Sympathomimetic Catecholamines
DINED:
3D:Dopamine
I:Isoproterenol
N:Norepinephrine
E:Epinephrine
D:Dobutamine
39)Inhalation Anesthetics:
SHINE
S:Sevoflurane
H:Halothane
I:Isoflurane
N:Nitrous Oxide
E:Enflurane
MEDICINE AND SURGERY
40) Examination of Lumps and Swellings
6 Students and 3 Teachers went for CAMPFIRE
6 students > 6S = Site Size Shape Surface Skin Scar?
3 Teacher > 3T = Tenderness Temperature Transillumination?
C Consistency
A Attachment
M Mobility
P Pulsation
F Fluctuation
I Irreducibility

R Regional Lymph nodes

E Edges
This is to ensure that you dont forget an important thing to watch out for in the lump or
swelling, it is upon you to arrange your findings properly
41) Causes of finger Clubbing
CLUBBING
C Cardiac (Right Left shunt)
L Lungs(tumour, fibrosis)
U Ulcerative colitis(also less commonly Crohns disease)
B Bronchiectasis
B Benign mesothelioma
I Inherited, Idiopathic,
N Neurogenic tumours
G GI disorders (Cirrhosis, Crohnss, UC)
42)Respiratory Causes of finger clubbing
ABCDEF
Abscess
Bronchietasis
Cancer
Decrease oxygen(hypoxia)
Empyema
Fibrosing alveolitis
43) Causes of Splenomegaly
CHICAGO
C Cancer
H Hematological(Myelofibrosis, Sickle Cell)
I Infection(Malaria, Kala azar, enteric fever)
C Congestion(Portal Hypertension, CCF, Constrictive Pericarditis, IVC thrombosis,
hepatic vein thrombosis)
A -Autoimmune(Rheumatoid Arthritis, SLE)
G Glycogen Storage disorders(Gauchers disease, Niemman Pick dx)
O Others(Amyloidosis etc)

44)GI bleeding differentials:

ABCDEFGHI
Angiodysplasia
Bowel cancer
Colitis
Diverticulitis/Duodenal ulcer
Epistaxis/Esophageal cancer, varices
Fistula(anal)
Gastric cancer, ulcer, gastritis
Hemorrhoids
Infectious diarrhea/Ischemic bowel/Inflammatory Bowel Disease.
45)Asterixis causes:
ABC Drug FAILED to HELP HIM
Drugs
Alcohol
Barbiturate
Carbamazepine
FAILED Failure
Liver failure
Respiratory failure
Renal failure
HIM Hemorrhage
Intracerebral H.
Subarachnoid H.
Subdural H.
46)Epistaxis causes:
Igbos Drink FANTA
I Infection
D DNS
F Foreign body
A Atmosphere
N Neoplasms

T Trauma
A Allergy
47)Raynauds phenomenon: causes
COLD HAND
Cryoglobuins
Obstruction
Lupus erythematosus
DM, Drugs
Hematologic problems(polycythemia, leukemia,)
Atherosclerosis
Neurologic problems(Vascular tone)
Disease may be of unknown origin(idiopathic)
48)Hemoptysis differentials:
CAVITATES
Chronic Heart Failure
Airway dx e.g. bronchiectasis
Vasculitis/Vascular ma;formations
Infections(e.g. Tuberculosis)
Trauma
Anticoagulants use
Tumour,
Embolism,
Stomach
49)Becks triad for Cardiac Tamponade
3Ds
Distant heart sounds
Distended jugular veins
Decreased arterial pressure
50)Right Lower Quadrant pain differentials
APPENDICITIS

A:Appendicitis/Abscess
P:Pelvic Inflammatory Disease/Period(Menstruation)
P:Pancreatitis
E:Ectopic pregnancy/Endometriosis
N:Neoplasia
D:Diverticulitis
I:Intussusception
C:Crohns disease/Cyst(ovarian)
I:Inflammatory Bowel Disease
T:Torsion(of ovary)
I:Irritable Bowel Syndrome
S:Stones
51)Rectal bleeding differentials
H-DRAIN
H:Hemorrhoids
D:Diverticulitis
R:Radiation
A:ArterioVenous malformation
I:Ischemia
N:Neoplasm
52)Causes of Seizure
VITAMINS
Vascular(Stroke, Hemorrhage, arteriovenous malformation)
Infection(Meningitis, Encephalitis)
Trauma
Autoimmune(CNS vasculitis)
Metabolic(Hypocalcemia, hypomagnesemia, hyponatremia,hypoglycemia, hypoxia, drug
overdose)
Idiopathic
Neoplasm
pSychiatric
53)Nerve thickening differentials:
ISLAND

Idiopathic Hypertrophic Neuropathy

Sarcoidosis
Leprosy
Amyloidosis
Neurofibromatosis
Diabetes mellitus
54)SHOCK Hallmark Clinical Indicators
SHOCK
S Sinus Tarchycardia
H Hypotension
O Oliguria
C Cold, Clammy extremities
K Kapillary(Capillary) refill
55)SHOCK Signs and Symptoms
V SHARP CUT
V Vomitting
S Sweating
H Hypotension
A Anxiety
R Respirations shallow/rapid
P Pulse weak
C Cold, Cyanotic
U Unconscious
T Thirst
EMBRYOLOGY
56)Lung development phases:
Every Premature Child Takes Air:
Embryonic period
Pseudoglandular period
Canalicular period
Terminal sac period
Alveolar period

57)Cranial and Spinal neural crest: major derivatives

GAMES
Glial cells (of peripheral ganglia)
Arachnoid (and pia)
Melanocytes
Enteric ganglia
Schwann cells
58)Foregut derivatives
Little Embryo People Do Like Swallowing Producing Gas
Lungs
Esophagus
Pancreas
Duodenum(proximal)
Liver
Stomach
Pancreas
Gall bladder
59)Placenta-crossing substances
WANT My Hot Dog
Wastes
Nutrients
Teratogens
Micro-organisms
Hormones/HIV
Drugs
60)Wolffian duct (Mesonephric duct derivatives)
Gardeners SEED
Female:
Gartners duct,

Male:
Seminal vesicles
Epididymis
Ejaculatory duct
Ductus deferens
61)Erythropoiesis stages
Powerful Businesses Pollute Our Reading Environment
Proerythroblast
Basophilic erythroblast
Polychromatic erythroblast
Orthochromatophilic erythroblast
Reticulocyte
Erythrocyte
BACTERIOLOGY
1)Gram +ve cell wall has
+hick peptidoglycan layer
+eichoic acid
2)MacConkeys agar contains PLANT
P:Peptone
L:Lactose
A:Agar
N:Neutral red
T:Taurocholate
3)Bacilli: gram +ve and gram -ve
All bacilli are gram -ve except ABCDL
A:Actinomycetes
B:Bacillus anthracis
C:Clostridium tetani
D:Diphtheria
L:Listeria monocytogenes

4)Microbes that are not gram stainable

These Microscopic Rascals May Look Colourless
T Treponema
M Mycobacteria
R Rickettsia
M Mycoplasma
L Legionella
C Chlamydia
5)Obligate aerobes
Nagging Pest Must Breathe
N Nocardia
P Pseudomonas
M Mycobacterium
B Bacillus
6)Obligate anaerobes
ABC
A Asteroides
B Bacteriodes
C Clostridium
7)Facultative Intracellular Organisms
Francis May Yield to Bruising Sallys Left Leg.
F:Francisella
M:Mycobacterium
Y:Yersinia
B:Brucella
S:Salmonella
L:Listeria
L:Legionella
8)Obligate Intracellular microbes
Really Cold, so stay inside.
R:Rickettsia
C:Chlamydia
Both genera stay inside the cell

9)Pyrexia of Unknown Origin(PUO): Possible causes

IMAGINE
I:Infections(e.g. Tuberculosis, Endocarditis, Pyelonephritis
M:Malignancy
A:Autoimmune diseases
G:Granulomas
I:Iatrogenic
N:Nurses and Doctors(factitious)
E:Endocrine
10)Streptococcus pyogenes, virulence factors and diseases caused
SMASHED NIPPLES
Virulence factors
SMASHED
S Streptolysins
M M protein
A Anti C5a peptidase
S Streptokinase
H Hyaluronidase
E Exotoxin
D DNAses
Diseases caused NIPPLES
N Necrotizing fasciitis and myositis
I Impetigo
P Pharyngitis
P Pneumonia
L Lymphangitis
E Erysipelas and Cellulitis
S Scarlet fever and Streptococcal Toxic Shock Syndrome
11)Diseases caused by Streptococcus pneumonia
COMPS
C:Conjuctivitis
O:Otitis media
M:Meningitis

P:Pneumonia
S:Sinusitis
12)Acute post-streptoccal gromerulonephritis Presentation
Sore throat; Face bloat; Piss coke:
Sore throat phryngitis
Face bloat facial oedema
Piss coke coke-colored urine hematuria
13)Urease positive organisms
PUNCH
P Proteus
U Ureaplasmas
N Nocardia
C Cryptococcus
H Helicobacter
14)Catalase positive organisms
SPACE
S Staphylococcus
P Pseudomonas
A Aspergillus
C Candida
E Enterobacteriaceae(esp. Klebsiella and Serratia)
15)Oxidase positive organisms
He Loves Painting Very Nice Picture on Buildings
He Helicobacter pylori(including Campylobacter )
Loves Legionella pneumophila
Painting Pseudomonas
Very Vibrio cholera
Nice Neisseria spp
Picture Pasteurella multocida
Buildings Brucella spp
16)Diseases caused by Staphylococcus aureus
SOFTPAINS
S:Skin infections (folliculitis, furuncles etc)

O:Osteomyelitis
F:Food poisoning
T:Toxic Shock Syndrome
P:Pneumonia/Pharyngitis/Pyelonephritis
A:Acute endocarditis
I:Infection arthritis
N:Necrotizing fasciitis
S:Sepsis
17Major subtypes of E. coli(other subtypes exist)
PITH of E.Coli
EnteroPathogenic
EnteroHaemorrhagic Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome from Hamburgers
EnteroInvasive Immune mediated inflammation
EnteroToxigenic Travellers diarrhoea
18)Encapsulated organisms
Bad Bacterial Killers Have Some Pretty Nasty External Carbohydrate Capsules
Bad Bacillus anthracis (special poly D glutamate capsule, others have polysaccharide
capsule)
Bacteral Bacteroides/Bordetella pertusis
Killers Klebsiella pneumonia
Have Hemophilus influenza
Some Streptococcus pneumonia(non immunologic capsules, no vaccine against
capsule)
Pretty Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Nasty Neisseria meningitidis
External Escherichia coli
Carbohydrate Clostridium
Capsules Cryptococcus neoformans
19)All capsular agent show a positive Quellung reaction
Acid fast bacteria
LMN
L:Legionella micdadei
M:Mycobacterium spp
N:Nocardia spp

20)Zoonotic Bacteria
Surely, Big Cattle Carry Light Bacteria Fast
Surely Salmonella
Big Brucella
Cattle Coxiella burnettiarry Chlamydia psittaci
Light Listeria monocytogenes
Bacteria Bacillus
Fast Francisella tularensis
21)Organisms that produce granulomas Granulomatous diseases
Bruce Lys Trap for My Cat was Listed In The History of France as an Acting Blast
Bruce Brucellosis (Brucella spp)
Lys Lymphogranuloma venerum(Serotype L1 L3 of Chlamydia)
Trap Treponema pallidum (Syphilis)
My Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Cat Cat Scratch Disease
Listed Listeria
History Histoplasma
France Francisella
Sarcastic Sarcoidosis
Acting Actinomyces
Blast Blastomyces
22)Organisms that cause food poisoning
Eating Contaminated Stuff Causes Very Big Smelling Vomit
Eating E. coli(in undercooked meat)
Contaminated Clostridium Botulinum(cannedfoods)
Stuff Salmonella(poultry, meat, eggs)
Causes Clostridium perfringens(reheated meat)
Very Vibrio parahaemolyticus(seafood)
Big Bacillus cereus(reheated rice)
Smelling Staphylococcus aureus(meats, custard)
Vomit Vibrio vulnificus(sea food)
23)Antibiotics, their mechanisms of action
A CLIP of Many Guys Seeking Fun
C:Cell wall synthesis inhibition

L:Leakage of cell membrane

I:Intermediary metabolism inhibition
P:Protein Synthesis inhibition
M:mRNA misreading
G:Gyrase (DNA gyrase) inhibition
S:Synthesis of DNA interference
F:Function of DNA inhibition
24)Antibiotics examples
British Police SueD ChLiMaTe Aiming For Virtual MeRi
Beta-Lactam antibiotics
Polypeptides,polyenes
Sulphonamides, Diaminopyrimidines
Chloramphenicol, Linezoloid, Macrolides, Tetracyclines
Aminoglycosides
Fluoroquinolones
Antiviral agents
Metronidazole(Nitroimidazoles),Rifampin
25Leakage of cell membrane Polypeptides(bacitracin, polymyxin, neomycin),Polyenes
Intermediary metabolism inhibition Sulphonamides, Diaminopyrimidines
Protein Synthesis inhibition Chloramphenicol, Linezoloid, Macrolides, Tetracyclines
mRNA misreading Aminoglycosides(e.g. streptomycin)
Gyrase (DNA gyrase) inhibition Fluoroquinolones
Synthesis of DNA interference Antiviral agents
Function of DNA inhibition Metronidazole(Nitroimidazoles),Rifampin
Antibiotics that inhibit protein synthesis
Buy AT 30, CELL(SELL) at 50
AT inhibits 30S ribosome
A Aminoglycosides(e.g. streptomycin)
T Tetracycline
26)CELL and others inhibits 50S ribosome
C Chloramphenicol
E Erythromycin
L- Linezolid
L- Lincomycin(e.g. Clindamycin) and others

S Streptogramin
The Cephalosporins
27)1st generation Cephalosporin
Mr. FAZOL(CeFAZOLin) is a driver(CephaLORIdine) who because of stress has become
THIN(CephaloTHIN). He wears a RAD watch(CephRADine) and uses a LUX
soap(CephaLEXin) which he places in a drawer(CefaDROxil).
2nd generation FACT about the FUR of FOX
CeFAClor, CeFURoxime, ceFOXitine
3rd generation
Mr. Aziz(CeftAZIdime) is taking Teezys OX (CefTIZOXime, cefpodOXime) in a
TAXI(CefoTAXIme) for slaughtering i.e. OPERATION(CefOPERAZONE) with THREE
AXON blades(CefTRIAXONe) which he will FIX(CeFIXime) for dinner(cefDINIR).
4th generation
In a dream, the Queen(Cefquinome) of Rome(Cefpirome) flew (Cefluprenam) to the
ozone (Cefozopran)layer and landed in PIM(Cefipime) city.
VIROLOGY
1)DNA viruses
We are H_H_A_P_P_P_y
H Herpesviridae
H Hepadnaviridae
A Adenoviridae
P Papovaviridae(more recently split into Papilomaviridae and Polyomaviridae)
P Parvoviridae
P Poxviridae
Other virus families are thus RNA
All replicate in the Nucleus and have icosahedral capsid except POXVIRIDAE which
replicate in the cytoplasm and has a complex capsid
All are double stranded except PARVOVIRIDAE.
2)When a woman undergoes PAP smear test, she has to be naked, so PAP viruses are
naked(not enveloped)
Parviviridae

Adenoviridae
Papovaviridae
3)Positive sense RNA virus
Pick on Retrovirus and it will Fly you from your Coronation like a Cauliflower
Pick Picornavirus
Retrovirus Retrovirus
Fly Flavivirus
ToGrave Togavirus
Coronation Coronavirus
Cauliflower Calicivirus
4)Negative Strand RNA Virus
To Fill the Arena, Rabbits make Bunnys and Paramyx makes Orthomyx.
Always Bring Polymerase or Fail Replication(-ve RNA viruses must have their own
polymerase)
Filovirus
Arenavirus
Rhabdovirus
Bunnyavirus
Paramyxovirus
Orthomyxovirus
Double-stranded RNA virus (most clinically important)
Reovirus(also Rotavirus)
5)Naked RNA viruses
RePliCa
Remember that before you replicate, you have to go naked.
Re Reovirus
Pli Picornavirus
Ca Calicivirus
6)Segmented RNA
ROBA
R Reovirus
O Orthomyxovirus
B Bunnyavirus
A Arenavirus

7)All RNA viruses have linear RNA except the BAD* ones.
B Bunnyavirus
A Arenavirus
D Deltavirus
*just a mnemonic
8)Infections that cross the placenta
The cyte of Policox rubbed on her piece with HIV and Syphilis is really toxic
Cyte Cytomegalovirus
Poli Polio
Cox Coxackie B virus
Rubbed Rubella
Her piece Herpes II
HIV HIV
Syphilis Syphilis
Toxic Toxoplasmosis
9)Live attenuated vaccines
VeneZuelan Magicians Rub their Small Yellow Iron against Polish Monks
VeneZuelan Varicella Zoster
Magicians Measles
Rub Rubella
Small Smallpox
Yellow Yellow fever
Iron Influenza type b
Polish Polio (Sabin)
Monks Mumps
10)Killed Virus Vaccine
RIPA
R:Rabies
I:Influenza
P:Polio(Salk)
A:A hepatitis
11)Live attenuated vaccine
MY MR VIP
M:Mumps

Y:Yellow Fever
M:Measles
R:Rubella
V:Varicella Zoster
I:Influenza type b
P:Pox/Oral Polio
12)Parvovirus B19 affect 3Bs
Babies (erythema infectiosum)
Black bleeders (Sickle Cell Anaemia causing aplastic crisis)
Bearing Babies (pregnant women causing hydrops fetalis)
13)Hepatitis(A E) mode of transmission
Vowels are bowels
A and E(which are vowels) are transmitted through the bowels i.e. foecal oral), others
B D are transmitted through BlooD.
14)Major Opportunistic Organisms in AIDS
The Major Pathogens Concerning Complete T-Cell Collapse(i.e. HIV)
T Toxoplasma gondii
M M. avium intracellulare
P Pneumocystis jerovecii
C Candida albicans
C Cryptococcus neoformans
T Tuberculosis
C Cytomegalovirus
C Cryptosporidium parvum
14)First Line drugs in Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
TB is a respiratory infection, the first line of drugs used is RESPI
Rifampicin
Ethambutol
Streptomycin
Pyrazinamide
Isoniazid.
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
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DRUGS
1)Hit-And-RunDrugs
Hit And Run People Generally End Up With
MORGUe
M:MAO Inhibitors
O:Omeprazole
R:Reserpine
G:guanathedine
2)Side Effects Of amiodarone
AMIODRONE
Remember 6ps
P:Photosensitivity;Cutaneous
P:Pigmentation Of Cornea
P:Peropheral T4 To T3 Inhibition : Hyp/Hyperthyroidism
P:Pump Failure (CHF)
P:Pulmonary Fibrosis
P:Peripheral Neuropathy
3)Averse Effects Of Tamoxipine
Remember CHEat
C:Cataract
H:Hot Flushes
E:Endometrial ca
T:Thromboembolism
4)Adverse Effects Of Tetracyclines
L.K ADVANI Is PT Teacher
L:Liver Damage
K:Kidney Damage
A:Anti anabolic Effects
D:Diabetis Insipidus
V:Vestibular Toxicity
I:Intarcanial Pressure Raised

P:Photosensitivity
T:Teeth And Bones
5)Alpha blockers Indications
harry Potter Sees2 BP and PIPE
Harry:Hypertension
Potter:Pheochromocytoma
Sees2:Secondary Shock
BP:Benign Hypertrphy Of Prostate
PIPE:Penil Impotence
6)Alpha Agonist:
M.MNOP
M:Mehtoxamine
M:Medodrine
N:Naphazoline
O:Oxymetazoline
P:Phenylephrine