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Cross Section of a Combination Drive
Reservoir
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Use of Material Balance Equations
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Material Balance
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Symbols Used in Material Balance
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Symbols Used in Material Balance
m: initial reservoir free gas volume / initial reservoir oil volume (t0)
Vf: Initial void space, bbl (t0)
N: Initial reservoir oil, STB (t0)
Np: Cumulative produced oil, STB (t)
G: Initial reservoir free gas, SCF (t0)
Gf: Volume of free gas in the reservoir, SCF (t)
W: Initial reservoir water, bbl (t0)
Wp: Cumulative produced water, STB (t)
We: Water influx into reservoir, bbl (t)
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Boi: Initial oil formation volume factor, bbl/STB (t0)
Bo: oil formation volume factor, bbl/STB (t)
Bgi: Initial gas formation volume factor, bbl/SCF (t0)
Bg: Gas formation volume factor, bbl/SCF (t)
Bw: Water formation volume factor, bbl/STB (t)
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Free Gas Volume Change
GBgi
Ratio of initial free gas to initial oil volume: m
NBoi
Initial free gas volume = GBgi NmBoi
V f c f p
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Total Change in Water and Rock Volume
We BwW p Wcw p V f c f p
NBoi NmBoi
With W=Vf S wi , and Vf ,
1 S wi
NmBoi Bg
NBoi NBo N p Bo NmBoi [ ] NRsoi Bg N p R p Bg
Bgi
NBg Rso N p Bg Rso
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Material Balance
Rearrange to become:
NmBti cw S wi c f
N(Bt Bti ) ( Bg Bgi ) (1 m) NBti p We
Bgi 1 S wi
N p [ Bt ( R p Rsoi ) Bg ] BwW p
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General Material Balance Equation
NmBti cw S wi c f
N(Bt Bti ) ( Bg Bgi ) (1 m) NBti p We
Bgi 1 S wi
N p [ Bt ( R p Rsoi ) Bg ] BwW p Water influx
No initial oil, N = 0, Np = 0:
cw S wi c f
G ( Bg Bgi ) GBgi p We G p Bg BwW p
1 S wi
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Drive Mechanisms
Segregation
Drive (Gas cap)
Depletion Drive
(Volumetric reservoir)
Water Drive
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Drive Mechanisms
NmBti cw S wi c f
N(Bt Bti ) ( Bg Bgi ) (1 m) NBti p We
Bgi 1 S wi
N p [ Bt ( R p Rsoi ) Bg ] BwW p
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Depletion Drive Index Segregation Drive Index Water Drive Index
Assumption of Material Balance Equations
The reservoir may have an initial gas phase and
liquid phase.
The gas is dissolved in the liquid phase and is in
equilibrium.
Oil can become volatile and enter into the gas
phase.
Water is allowed to invade the reservoir from the
aquifer during production.
Water and rock are compressible.
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Limitations of Material Balance Equations
Sources of error:
Assumptions:
- Gas and oil may not be at equilibrium
Data:
- gas libration processes simulate those that
occur in reservoir
- Average pressure (how it was averaged, extent
of spatial variation)
- Error in estimates of gas and water production.
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Havlena and Odeh method: linearization
F: net production from reservoir
NmBti
F NEo N (1 m) Bti E f , w Eg We
Bgi 24
Havlena and Odeh method: linearization
NmBti
F NEo N (1 m) Bti E f , w Eg We
Bgi
F NEo
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