Density of solutions answers

The concentration of solutions is often conveniently described in terms of the

solutions percentage composition on a weight basis. For example, a 5% sodium
chloride solution contains 5g of sodium chloride in every 100g of solution (which
corresponds to 5g of sodium chloride for every 95 g of water present).
Prepare solutions of sodium chloride in distilled water consisting of the following
percentage by weight: 5%,10%,15%,20%,25%. Prepare 25 g of each solution (you
do not have to prepare 100g of each solution to be able to use the percentage
composition). Make the weight determination of solute and solvent to the nearest
milligram.
Using the method described earlier for samples of pure liquids, determine the
density of each of your sodium chloride solutions. Record the temperature of each
solution while determining its density.
Construct a graph of the density of your solutions versus the percentage of NaCI the
solution contains. What sort of relationship exists between density and composition?
Use a handbook of chemical data to determine the true density of each of the
solutions you prepared. Calculate the error in each of the densities you determined.
What is the %NaCI density measured at 5,10,15,20 and 25? What is their %error for
each?
%NaCI

Density
measured

Temperature

Value

23

1.036g/ml

10

22

1.074g/ml

15

23

1.112g/ml

20

23

1.152g/ml

25

23

1.193g/ml

%error

Calculate the percentage by mass of each element present in the following

compounds.
Magnesium oxide, MgO

Magnesium nitride, Mg3N2

Suppose 2.033g of magnesium is heated in air. What is the theoretical amount of
magnesium oxide that should be produced?
are you good with chemistry?
A compound containing only carbon and hydrogen is analyzed, and is found to
contain 74.88% carbon on a mass basis. Show how the empirical formula of the
compound may be calculated.
If 1.000g of elemental carbon is heated in a stream of hydrogen gas, 1.335g of a
compound containing only carbon and hydrogen is produced. Show how the
empirical formula of the compound may be calculated.
On density determinations paper what did you get for %NaCI density measured 525? And what did you get for the %error 5-25? Im a bit behind everyone in class
because I didnt have a partner that day.
If you had not added water to remove any Mg3N2 that was present in your example,
would your experimental % Mg have been too high or too low? Show with a
calculation how you arrived at your answer.
Suppose a similar experiment was to be performed, in which you would heat a
weighed sample of calcium metal in a crucible (in place of magnesium).
Calculate the theoretical percentage of calcium in calcium oxide.
If a 1.358g sample of calcium metal was heated in oxygen, what mass of calcium
oxide would be produced?
Pre-lab
Write definitions/explanations of each of the following terms:
a. A hydrated salt
b. An anhydrous salt
Suppose 2.3754g of copper (II) sulfate pentahydrate is heated to drive off the
water of crystallization.
a. Calculate what mass of water would be expected to be released from the
salt.
b. Calculate what mass of anhydrous salt will remain.
Pre-lab5
What is a precipitation reaction? Write balanced chemical equations for three
examples of precipitation reactions.

How are the Arrhenius and Bronsted-Lowry definitions of what constitutes an

acid and what constitutes a base similar? How do these definitions differ?
What is a coordination complex? Give two examples from your textbook of
important coordination complexes.
What is meant by a redox reaction? Give two examples, including balanced
chemical equations, of redox reactions. What is meant by a half-reaction for a
redox reaction? For the two examples of redox reactions that you have given,
also write the half-reactions, indicating which is the oxidation and which is the
reduction.
Pre-lab6
What is a standard solution of acid or base?
Rather than titrating the active ingredient in an antacid tablet directly with a
standard solution of a strong acid in our buret, in this experiment we first
dissolve the antacid tablet in a measured excess of standard acid, and then
titrate(with standard sodium hydroxide solution) the portion of the acid that
was not consumed by the tablet. Explain.
Some of the common bases used as the active ingredient in commercial
antacid tablets are listed below. Calculate the number of milliliters of 0.100 M
HCI solution that could be neutralized by 1.00g of each of these substances.
Show your calculations at the bottom of this page.
a.
b.
c.
d.

CaCo3
NaHCO3
Mg(OH)2
AL(OH)3
Pre-lab7
Write the balanced redox equation for the reaction of iron (II) ion with
permanganate ion in acidic solution.
Another common anaylsis for iron is titration of iron (II) with potassium
dichromate, K2CR2O7. Divide the following reaction into half-reactions,
balance the half-reactions, and combine the balanced half-reactions into
the balanced overall equation for the reaction.
Fe^2++Cr2O7^2-+H+ -->Fe^3++H2O
Use a chemical dictionary, handbook, or encyclopedia to list several other
uses of potassium permanganate (other than in the analysis of iron
samples as in this experiment).

If 26.23 mL of potassium permanganate solution is required to titrate 1.041 g of

ferrous ammonium sulfate hexahydrate, FeSO4(NH4)2SO46H2O, calculate the
molarity of the KMnO4 solution.

If a 2.893-g sample of an unknown containing iron requires 28.45 mL of the

permanganate solution described in pre-laboratory question 3 to reach the
endpoint, calculate the % Fe in the unknown.
Pre-lab8
What is the definition of the joule in terms of the basic SI units?
What does the specific heat capacity of a substance or material represent? What are
the units of specific heat capacity?
What does a calorimeter constant represent? What value for the calorimeter
constant will be used in this experiment for a coffee cup calorimeter?
If the temperature of 85.2g of water increases from 25.2 temperature to 37.6
temperature, how much heat was absorbed by the water?
What is the enthalpy change for a reaction, and how does this differ from the
experimental heat flow measured for an experiment involving the reaction.
Use your textbook or a chemical encyclopedia to write a specific definition of the
term salt.
What does it mean to say that an ion becomes hydrated when a salt is dissolved in
water?
Pre-lab9
Define the following:
a. Limiting reactant
b. Stoichiometry
Magnesium metal reacts with chlorine gas to produce magnesium chloride,
MgCI2.
a. Write the balanced chemical equation for the reaction.
b. If 5.00g magnesium is combined with 10.0g of chlorine, show by calculation
which substance is the limiting reactant, and calculate the theoretical yield of
magnesium chloride for the reaction.
Describe how you would prepare exactly 500.mL of 1.0M NaOH solution from
a 3.0 M stock NaOH solution. Show all calculations.
Consider the following data table, which is similar to the data you will collect
in this experiment. Complete the entries in the table. On graph paper from
the end of this manual, construct a graph of the data,plotting the
temperature change measured for each run versus the number of moles of
substance A used for the run. Use your graph to determine the stoichiometric

ratio in which substances A and B react. Explain your reasoning. Attach your
graph to this report page.
Pre-lab10
Given the wavelengths and colors of the major mercury emission lines listed
in the introduction to this experiment, construct a graph (on a sheet of graph
paper from the end of this manual) that will approximate the spectrum to be
determined. Lay out the horizontal axis of the graph in terms of the
wavelengths of the lines (in nanometers), and make the vertical axis about 2
inches high to approximate the appearance of the lines to be measured.
Using colored pens that correspond to those colors listed, sketch in the
emission lines. Compare your sketch of the spectrum to the actual spectrum
recorded. Attach your sketch to this page.
a. What are the approximate wavelengths (in nanometers) in the spectrum
of visible sunlight that correspond to the following colors?
Red,yellow,green,blue
b. What are the approximate frequencies (in Hertz,Hz) corresponding to the
wavelengths you have listed?
Red,yellow,green,blue
The spectral lines observed in the visible spectrum of hydrogen arise from
transitions from upper states back to the n=2 principle quantum level.
Calculate the predicted wavelengths for the spectral transitions of the
hydrogen atom from the n=6 to n=2, for the n=5 to n=2, for the n=4 to n=2,
and for the n=3 to n=2 levels in atomic hydrogen.
Why is it not possible to so easily interpret the spectrum of a poly-electronic
atom (such as nitrogen in this experiment)?

Hi, do you think you would have time to help me after class on lab density
determination?
Im a bit behind on the lab and didnt have a partner that day. I just need the
density measured and the error percentages Ive got the temp and the values. I
have lab on Tuesday and Thursdays. Or maybe you can explain it to me on Monday.
molar mass CuSO4 * 5 H2O = 249.68 g/mol moles CuSO4 * 5 H2O = 2.3754 g / 249.68 =0.0095238 moles H2O lost
= 5 x 0.0095238=0.047619 mass H2O lost = 0.047619 x 18.02 g/mol=0.8581 g mass of anhydrous salt that would
remain = 2.3754 - 0.8581=1.5173 g - See more at:
http://qna.somee.com/threadView_20100928185732AA3OCLj.aspx#sthash.bKrL0B6D.dpuf

You have CuSO4 5H20

63.55g + 32.1g + 64g +10g +80g = 249.65g
H2O = 90g %composition is 90/249.65 = 36.05%
CuSO4 is 100% - 36.05% = 63.95%

2.375 X 0.6395 = 1.52g