Duque Djvu

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<pre>COLLOQUE INTERNATIONAL:
LES PETITES PAYSANNERIES
ACTION COLLECTIVE ET
CONQUETE DE L AUTONOMIE
PAR LES PETITS PAYSANS
au Nord-Est du Bresil
Ghislaine Duque
(UFCG, UNIVASF e CNPq)
Region semi-aride du Nord-Est:

900.000 km 2 , 42% des petits paysans du pays
o Irregularite des pluies: grosses
precipitations suivies de longues
periodes seches.
o Structure agraire tres concentree.
CONSEQUENCE:
o Occasion pour les

"elites" (politiques, grands
proprietaires "associes") de
distribuer des "faveurs" en echange
de votes:
Camions-citernes
"Fronts de travail" etc.
D ' ou :
CLIENTELISME = PERPETUATION DU
POUVOIR DOMINANT.
C'est alors que surgit

L 'ARTICULATION DANS LE SEMIARIDE - ASA
o Une "articulation" creee em 1999,

o Qui organise, aujourd 'hui, quelque
3.000 entites (syndicats, ONGs,
paroisses, communautes paysannes
etc.) dans une action commune.
o Objectif : non pas lutter contre la

secheresse, mais " vivre
ayec" (conviver).
Strategies
o Des reserves d 'eau de pluie

Pour la consommation domestique
Pour la production agricole et les
animaux
o Des reserves de fourrage
o Valorisant la biodiversite de la
caatinga.
o Et tout um travail de formation
C'estd'abord le P1MC
o "Programme de formation et
mobilisation pour "vivre avec" le
semiaride: Un Milhao de Citernes
Rurales".
o Presente au Gouvernement et
adopte comme politique publique.
o L'ASA em assurant I 'administration
o Et les paysans apprenant a les
construire.
Construction d'une citerne

semi-enterree
Recueillant I'eau des toits
Et ensuite le P1+2
o Une eau pour boire et cuisiner
(P1MC) et une 2e eau pour produire

(production vegetale et animale)
o Exemples: dans les failles des
rochers, au long des routes, em
sous-sol (barrages souterrains) etc.
Exemple: le barrage souterrain
En pleine secheresse,
une Tie verte
Et tout un travail de formation
o Diagnostic en communaute
villageoise (les points d 'eau, les
families les plus necessiteuses) suivi
de decisions prises em commun.
o Visites aux families qui ont invente,
ameliore, ou simplement qui ont ete
les premieres a experimenter de
nouvelles technologies.
Et encore
o Sessions de formation sur le

traitement de I 'eau et son
importance pour la sante.
o Organisation du travail solidaire
(Les fonds rotatifs)
o Reunions d 'evaluation aux
differents niveaux (du local au
regional)
Reunion (beaucoup de jeunes)
CE QUI PERMET
o L'autonomie des petits paysans qui

relevent la tete et...
o QUI NE DEPENDENT PLUS DE
"FAVEURS"
o Mais ce qui incommode beaucoup
les anciens "protecteurs"!
Au bout de quelques annees d'une

collaboration ASA-Gouvernement
o Collaboration loyale et d 'ailleurs

bien controlee, fin 2011
oTombe la nouvelle comme une
bombe: fini I 'appui a I 'ASA,
o Les citernes de plaques seront
remplacees par la distribution
gratuite de citernes de polyethilene.
LE PRETEXTE
o Le travail est trop lent: On n 'a pas

encore atteint le million
o Car le pouvoir veut des resultats
chiffres plutot que de I 'education).
oET LA CONSEQUENCE:
oC 'est le retour a I
'assistentialisme.
La citerne "de plastique"
o "Donnee et non construite par les

paysans
o Deux fois plus couteuse pour I 'Etat
o Source de problemes: fond au
soleil, polue
o Quand il y a un tel probleme, ne
peut pas etre resolu par les paysans

eux-memes.
Fond au soleil et
est renvoyee a I'entreprise
REPONSE DE L'ASA
oErm quelques jours, une

manifestion monstre
rassemble environ 15.000
paysans et leaders de tout le
NE semiaride.
Manifestation - decembre 201 1
' ,CR *WS DA C//f /rAS oiOCESANA d|]
Et petit a petit, le gouvernement

fait marche arriere
o II reprend I 'appui pour 3 mois, puis

pour um an.
o Petit a petit il augmente le
financement...
o Et em 2014, le MDS annonce qu 'il
investira un milliard de reais pour
financer la construction de
technologies sociales d'eau dans le
semiaride.
EXEMPLE DU PATAC
o (Programme d 'Aplication de
Tecnologies Apropriees aux
Communautes):
o En 2008, il etait responsable du

P1MC dans sa region avec une
equipe de 8 animateurs. Aujourd
'hui, comme responsable du Pl+2
dans la meme region, il a du
engager 23 animateurs.
CONCLUSION
o La pression populaire est capable d

'obtenir des resultats.
o Tensions entre le ministere charge
de "I 'agro-negoce" et celui qui
appuye le paysannat.
o Les petits paysans continuent a
lutter pour leur autonomie: par
exemple lutte pour I 'agroecologie.
MERCI!
ghis.duque@gmail.com
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Region semi-aride du Nord-Est:

o Occasion pour les

C'est alors que surgit

o Une "articulation" creee em 1999,

o Objectif : non pas lutter contre la

o Des reserves d 'eau de pluie

Construction d'une citerne

Recueillant I'eau des toits

o Une eau pour boire et cuisiner

(P1MC) et une 2e eau pour produire

Exemple: le barrage souterrain

Et tout un travail de formation

o Sessions de formation sur le

Reunion (beaucoup de jeunes)

o L'autonomie des petits paysans qui

Au bout de quelques annees d'une

o Collaboration loyale et d 'ailleurs

o Le travail est trop lent: On n 'a pas

La citerne "de plastique"

o "Donnee et non construite par les

peut pas etre resolu par les paysans

oErm quelques jours, une

Manifestation - decembre 201 1

' ,CR *WS DA C//f /rAS oiOCESANA d|]

Et petit a petit, le gouvernement

o II reprend I 'appui pour 3 mois, puis

o En 2008, il etait responsable du

o La pression populaire est capable d

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