Madeleine

Salvatore
Adam Padgett
ENGL 102
10/27/2016
A Look at the Reasons Behind Insomniac Behavior
An Annotated Bibliography
Inquiry: Where does the correlation lie between sleep, anxiety, and a persons well
being?

Proposed thesis: I am leaning towards the theory that sleep plays a direct role in a
persons physical and mental well-being. There are multiple factors that could play
in to the inability to sleep at night. Among those reasons are all-consuming
anxieties and worries, as well as daytime naps.

Intro
I pieced together my annotated bibliography a little differently than most, Im
assuming. Being as this is a new research topic for me, I wanted to gather my
information first and cite my sources. This research topic is one that I previously
knew nothing about; I just wanted to get to the bottom of a personal problem. You
see, I have a very difficult time falling asleep at night, and when I finally do, the
quality of sleep I get is nothing impressive. As a result of the lack of sleep I get at
night, I nap during the day. This is not your average nap, however. I nap sometimes
multiple times a day, most of the time for periods longer than an hour.

As I was half-way through my first annotated bibliography, I realized I wasnt at all
interested in what I was researching. My mind then became consumed with the
thought of being up all night, finishing a paper I really didnt care about, and falling
asleep in class the next day. This sparked an interest in a new topic. So here we are.

I started with broad topics of interest. Sleep, well-being, anxiety, and possibly a
connection between the three. Once I learned that there is an undeniable
relationship between those, I moved on to naps (since I am an avid napper).
Frequent, long naps result in the inability to sleep at night. Problem solved. Now,
what can I actually do to end my insomniac behavior? Meditation has proven to
calm the mind and ease it of stresses and anxiety.

I realize that this is probably not what was expected for an introduction, but I also
realized that Im not ready to write an introduction for a paper I just started
researching. So this is my introduction to my bibliography.

PADGETT, ADAM 11/11/2016 1:03 AM

Comment [1]: You can get rid of this
introductory phrasing here. aim for a
shorter sentence with a more assertive tone.
PADGETT, ADAM 11/11/2016 1:05 AM
Comment [2]: Not sure what you mean by
all consuming. Can you use clearer
language (or you could just cut it all
together).

PADGETT, ADAM 11/11/2016 1:06 AM

Comment [3]: Ive read about a kind of
napping where you basically sleep for like
four hours at night and then catch a one
hour nap or two during the day, and youll
feel just as good as if youd slept for the full
night. Sounds awful to me, but maybe there
could be something of value, research-wise.

PADGETT, ADAM 11/11/2016 1:09 AM

Comment [4]: This tidbit here seems
random without some kind of follow up. Did
the meditation solve your sleep problem? Or
make it better? Not at all? Otherwise you
should cut it if it isnt serving a practical
purpose.
PADGETT, ADAM 11/11/2016 1:10 AM
Comment [5]: You could probs cut this last
paragraph too, for similar reasons in the
previous comment.

Clementi, Michelle, et al. "Sleep-Related Outcomes Following Early Intervention

For Childhood Anxiety." Journal Of Child & Family Studies 25.11 (2016): 3270-
3277. Academic Search Complete. Web. 27 Oct. 2016.

Clemeni studied the relationship between sleep and anxiety and how if one category
is struggling, the other will suffer as well. Therefore, there is a direct correlation
between sleep and well-being, which I was pretty sure about. She also noted that
the type of day one had reflected the amount of time spent awake at night, and less
time spent sleeping predicted less positive affect the following day.

Cox, Rebecca C., and Bunmi O. Olatunji. "A Systematic Review Of Sleep
Disturbance In Anxiety And Related Disorders." Journal Of Anxiety Disorders
37.(2016): 104-129. Academic Search Complete. Web. 27 Oct. 2016.

Cox and Bunmi found a correlation between anxiety and other related disorders in
sleep disturbance. Sleep was assessed and then grouped into categories of objective
and subjective sleep. The parameters surrounding their study included the total
sleep time, how long it takes a person to fall asleep, and the amount of time a person
is asleep and awake while in bed. Sleep disturbance behavior was found in people
who suffer from anxiety or other related conditions (OCD, phobias, PTSD, and Social
Anxiety Disorder). I have experienced first-hand a correlation between sleep
interruption and stress. The reason I stay awake at night is due to the stresses of life
and the inability to calm my mind enough to put those thoughts out of my head. I
am going to look into the other disorders mentioned to dig deeper into sleep
deprivation.

Peterman, Jeremy, Matthew Carper, and Philip Kendall. "Anxiety Disorders And
Comorbid Sleep Problems In School-Aged Youth: Review And Future
Research Directions." Child Psychiatry & Human Development 46.3 (2015):
376-392. Academic Search Complete. Web. 27 Oct. 2016.

Peterman, Carper, and Kendall also found a relationship between anxiety/related
disorders and the inability to sleep at night. It also notes the importance of sleep in
the developmental stages on youth. Insufficient sleep is considered less than 8
hours of sleep at night, and 45% suffer from this. The contributing authors then
went on to describe the developmental changes in sleep, referencing ages from birth
until 2, age 4 to 7, and the high school ages. Especially in ones older youth, sleep is
vital as deprivation can interfere with the higher cognitive functioning necessary
for academic performance, including impulse control/behavioral inhibition,
memory, and mood regulation. This makes a lot of sense to me being that I find
myself struggling to keep my eyes open in class sometimes.

PADGETT, ADAM 11/11/2016 1:11 AM

Comment [6]: Youll need to give a little
more information before you jump to
therefore.
PADGETT, ADAM 11/11/2016 1:12 AM
Comment [7]: Dont forget your in-text
citation. Also, try to follow up quotes with
your own words and thoughts. Dont just let
them dangle there.

PADGETT, ADAM 11/11/2016 12:51 PM

Comment [8]: You might want to take a
moment to define these terms.

PADGETT, ADAM 11/11/2016 12:54 PM

Comment [9]: Be careful about conjecturing
and self-diagnosing. I think the personal
experience is fine, but you have to present it
as just that: person experience. Your
evaluation of that experience will have to be
limited because a) inherent bias and b) you
dont yet have the credentials to
evaluate/diagnose yourself.

Gong, Hong, et al. "Mindfulness Meditation For Insomnia: A Meta-Analysis Of

Randomized Controlled Trials." Journal Of Psychosomatic Research 89.(2016):
1-6. Academic Search Complete. Web. 27 Oct. 2016.

Gongs study discussed how mindful meditation has been noted to help insomnia.
The meta-analysis proved to improve time awake (productivity) and quality of
sleep. On top of mindful meditation, cognitive behavioral therapy has been found to
be a productive treatment for insomnia. Meditation has also been proven to
positively affect other disorders closely related to anxiety.

Weinberg, Melissa K., Jacqueline M. Noble, and Thomas G. Hammond. "Sleep Well
Feel Well: An Investigation Into The Protective Value Of Sleep Quality On
Subjective Well-Being." Australian Journal Of Psychology 68.2 (2016): 91-97.
Academic Search Complete. Web. 27 Oct. 2016.

Weinberg, Noble, and Hammond referred to the homeostasis theory quite often. A
relationship between sleep quality, dreaming, and stress was also noted. Bad
dreams led to more stress, which in turn caused poor quality of nighttime rest. High
quality of sleep at night has a direct result on what was studied as subjective well-
being. Continuous poor sleep quality can also lead to mood disorders. Like the
study above, dreams were taken into account when piecing together the puzzle of
sleep and well-being. Those studied who reported to have bad dreams/nightmares
were also found to have higher stress than those who did not have interruptive
dreams. Therefore, the subjective well-being of those not interruptive was of higher
quality due to the ability to sleep without stressors.

Ye, Lichuan, et al. "Napping In College Students And Its Relationship With Nighttime
Sleep." Journal Of American College Health 63.2 (2015): 88-97. Academic
Search Complete. Web. 27 Oct. 2016.

I personally related to what was studied by Ye. I am an avid napper, sometimes
taking multiple a day. However, I sleep for very few hours at night. This study
examined the relationship between college-students napping habits and nighttime
sleep. The survey asked 440 undergraduate students how often, how long, and what
time they had napped during the past month. The frequent nappers (>3 times per
week, 2 hours+) ended up having the poorest quality of sleep. Students who
napped between 6 and 9pm had shorter sleep on school nights. Ive found where
my problem lies!

Madeleine,

I think you have a really great topic here. This research looks solid and I get a clear
sense that you are interested and invested in how sleep affects our lives. For the
next paper, I would like for you to be a little more clear about two things: 1) what
meaning you can extrapolate from the sources; in other words, you should be
expressing how the source connects to your thesis, and ultimately, you will be

PADGETT, ADAM 11/11/2016 12:57 PM

Comment [10]: This is interesting, but I
want to hear more about some of the
specifics here.

PADGETT, ADAM 11/11/2016 12:58 PM

Comment [11]: Are these three things the
homeostasis part of homeostasis theory? Be
a bit more clear here.

PADGETT, ADAM 11/11/2016 1:02 PM

Comment [12]: Does the source interpret
this data in a specific way. For example, why
is it that those who napped between 6 and
9pm had shorter sleep on school nights?
What can we learn from this information
and how does it contribute to your thesis?

connecting all of these sources to that common thesis. 2) I need a clearer sense of
what your thesis is. Try adopting a more asserting tone as you assert that thesis.
Looking forward to the next iteration of this. Good work!