27 3

2013 6

CHINESE JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH

Vol. 27 No. 3
June

2013

960 MPa
*

( 100084)
14 mm 960 MPa , ,
CTOD , 960 MPa CTOD

m , Boltzmann , ,
: CTOD m , Q235Q345Q390 Q460 , 960 MPa m ,
m , (-12.45 ),

, , , , ,
TU511

1005-3093(2013)03-0237-10

The Fracture Toughness of Butt Weld at Low Temperature

of 960 MPa High-strength Steel
WANG Yuanqing LIU Xiyue**

SHI Yongjiu

(Key Laboratory of Civil Engineering Safety and Durability of China Education Ministry, Department of Civil
Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084)
*Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China No.51178244.
Manuscript received April 19, 2013; in revised form June 18, 2013.
**To whom correspondence should be addressed, Tel: (010)62792330, E-mail: Liuxy85722@163.com

ABSTRACT A series of three point bending tests of 960 MPa high- strength steel at low temperature
were carried out in the present study, five temperature points were selected for the tests, and the crack
tip opening displacement was taken as the fracture toughness index. The fracture behavior of butt weld
of 960 MPa steel were analyzed based on the experimental phenomenon, the relationship between fracture toughness and temperature was investigated and the test data were fitted by the Boltzmann function, and the fracture micro mechanism was analyzed by electron microscope scanning. The results show
that the variation trend of fracture toughness (critical CTOD values m) is decline as temperature decreases, the m values of 960 MPa steel are lower than that of Q235, Q345, Q390 and Q460 steels, and the m
values of the HAZ are lower than that for base material and weld metal, and the ductile-brittle transition
temperature for HAZ(-12.45 ) is higher than that for base material and weld metal as well.
KEY WORDS metallic materials, high- strength steel, butt weld, low temperature, fracture toughness,
crack tip opening displacement

,
,

[1, 2]

,
500 MPa550 MPa
620 MPa690 MPa ,
,
* 51178244
2013 4 19 ; 2013 6 18
:

[3, 4]
,

,
, , ,
,
,
[5-8],
[8-10]

238

1 960 MPa
Table 1 Chemical compositions of 960 MPa steel plate
(mass fraction, %)

,
,
, [11] ,
960 MPa

,
[10, 12] [6, 13]
, 960 MPa

27

Mn

Si

0.060

0.002

0.011

1.610

0.260

, 2,
,
[JGJ81-2002]

,
, [7]

GB/T21143-2007
[14], 20 0 -20 40 -60 , 14 mm 960 MPa

, 1
3 , 45
CTOD m
,
CTOD , P
V, P-V
[15] , P-V CTOD
m, 960 MPa ,
,
, 960 MPa

5 mm ,
2ab
2c, , 11 mm
0.2 mm , 3 mm
, Quanta
FEG450 960 MPa

(SEM),

, INSTRON

,
1

960 MPa
14 mm, 1 V

2
2.1 P-V
35 , P-V
, 960 MPa

0 (pop-in),
20
0 , P-V ,
, ,

1
Fig.1 The V-shaped groove weld used in this investigation

, -20 ,
, , ,

2
Table 2 Welding process parameters
Method

Position

Wire

/mm

Flux

Voltage /V

Current /A

Velocity/cm/min

Drying method

SAW

Flat

SLD-80

SJ101

30-34

530-570

40-45

350 2 h

: 960 MPa

239

2
Fig.2 Sampling and geometry of three-point bending specimen, (a) sampling of TPB specimen from weld
metal, (b) sampling of TPB specimen from HAZ, (c) three-point bending specimen and test setup

3 P-V
Fig.3 P-V curves for base material at five different temperatures

, ,

, ,

, ,

, ,

-40-60 ,

2.2

, -40

P-V ,

4 P-V
Fig.4 P-V curves for weld metal at five different temperatures

27

240

5 P-V
Fig.5 P-V curves for HAZ at five different temperatures

, ,

( 6c)

P-V

2.3

, ( 6a);

[15], 7

, ( 6b);

: 960 MPa

241

6
Fig.6 Failure modes: (a) ductile fracture; (b) start with ductile growth of crack and end up with brittle
fracture; (c) brittle fracture

;
, ;

8 9 10

,
, ,
7
Fig.7 Constituents of fractured surface

200
, ,

8
Fig.8 Fracture surfaces for base material at five different temperatures

9
Fig.9 Fracture surfaces for weld metal at five different temperatures

242

27

; -20

; W ;

, ,

rp , rp=0.44; Z
; Vp
, P-V ; KI I ,
KI =YP/[BW1/2], Y [14], (a0/W)
m 3 ,

11 11 , 14 mm 960
MPa m ,
,
, m 0 , ,
-60 0
75.5%, 960 MPa
, 20 m
,
,
,
, , ;
20 -20 , m 70.1%,

2.5 m

,
, ; -40-60
, ,
, , P-V

2.4 CTOD
CTOD m ,
P-V
CTOD P-V ,
PV , CTOD
, 960 MPa
CTOD
(1)

(W - a 0)r pV p
(1 - 2)K I2
+
2E y
(W - a 0)r p + a 0 + Z

(1)

CTOD [14], , 0.3; E

; y ; a0 ,

10
Fig.10 Fracture surfaces for HAZ at five different temperatures
3 960 MPa CTOD m
Table 3 Critical CTOD values m (mm) for 960 MPa steel and its butt weld

T/

Base material

Weld metal

HAZ

20

0.2016

0.2034

0.1877

0.1673

0.2477

0.1320

-20

0.1556

0.1896

0.0562

-40

0.0497

0.0970

0.0452

-60

0.0389

0.0608

0.0293

: 960 MPa

243

14 mm 960 MPa m 14 mm

Q460 , 12 mm Q235Q345Q390

13,

CTOD m , 12

, 4

[13]

[15]

12 , CTOD

13 , ,

, Q390 , Q235

Boltzmann ,

Q345 Q460 , 960 MPa ,

(1) ,

, , 960 MPa

(-29.76 ), ,

[7];

CTOD , T , 1(mm), 2(mm)

, Tt (), Tr ()

12 CTOD m
Fig.12 Curves of m versus temperature for 960 MPa steel
and other four structural steels

11 CTOD m
Fig.11 Curves of m versus temperature for 960 MPa steel
and its butt weld

Boltzmann

Tt ,

(2)

, Boltzmann
1 - 2
(T) =
+
(2)
1 + exp[(T - T t )/T r ] 2
[5, 9, 12]

2.6

13 CTOD m Boltzmann
Fig.13 Test results and temperature transition curves of
fracture toughness

244

27

, ,

, 20

-12.45 -27.33 ,

; ; 0

2.7

, ,

960 MPa

; -20 ;

5 (20, 0, -20,

40 -60 , ,

-40, -60 ), 1416

(a) (e) 14 ,

20 , ;

, 0

, , ;

, -20 -60

-20

, ;

-40

, CTOD m

; -60 ,

(-12.45 )

4 960 MPa m Boltzmann

Table 4 Fitting parameters of Boltzmann function for m values

1 / mm

2 / mm

Tt /

Tr /

R2

Weld metal

0.06

0.23

-29.76

6.95

0.816

HAZ

0.03

0.18

-12.45

3.92

0.980

Base material

0.04

0.19

-27.33

5.6

0.897

14
Fig.14 Micro-morphologies of fracture surfaces for 960 MPa steel at five different temperatures

: 960 MPa

15
Fig.15 Micro-morphologies of fracture surfaces for weld metal at five different temperatures

16
Fig.16 Micro-morphologies of fracture surfaces for HAZ at five different temperatures

245

246

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(4), 32(2008)
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2

27

(, , , ,

1. 960 MPa ,
,
-20
; , -20
,
2. CTOD m
,
, m 0 - 60
75.5%, 20 -20 m
70.1%
3. 12 mm Q235Q345Q390
14 mm Q460C , 14 mm
960 MPa CTOD m

4. 960 MPa
(-12.45 ), (-29.76 )
(-27.33 ), ,

5. 960 MPa
, ,
-20

, (, , 2007))
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