PHOTOGRAPHY

# What is photography?
The word photography comes from two ancient Greek words: photo, for "light," and
graph, for "drawing." "Drawing with light" is a way of describing photography. When a
photograph is made, light or some other form of radiant energy, such as X rays, is used to
record a picture of an object or scene on a light-sensitive surface. Early photographs were
called sun pictures, because sunlight itself was used to create the image. Mankind has been a
maker of images at least since the cave paintings of some 20,000 years ago. With the invention
of photography, a realistic image that would have taken a skilled artist hours or even days to
draw could be recorded in exact detail within a fraction of a second.
Photographs are used extensively by newspapers, magazines, books, and television to convey
information and advertise products and services. Practical applications of photography are
found in nearly every human endeavor from astronomy to medical diagnosis to industrial
quality control. Photography extends human vision into the realm of objects that are invisible
because they are too small or too distant, or events that occur too rapidly for the naked eye to
detect. A camera can be used in locations too dangerous for humans. Photographs can also be
objects of art that explore the human condition and provide aesthetic pleasure. For millions of
people, photography is a satisfying hobby or a rewarding career.
# Why photography is categorized as art?
Today photography is widely recognized as a fine art. Photographs are displayed in art
museums, prized by collectors, discussed by critics, and studied in art history courses. Because
of the special nature of photography, however, this was not always the case. In the early days of
photography some people considered the medium something of a poor relation to the older,
established visual arts, such as drawing and painting. The arguments stemmed from the fact
that a camera is a mechanical instrument. Because the mechanical procedure of taking a picture
is automatic, detractors claimed that photography required no coordination of hand and eye and
none of the manual skills essential to drawing and painting. They also argued that photography
required no creativity or imagination because the photographic subject was "ready-made" and
did not require manipulation or control by the photographer.
A camera, no matter how many automatic features it may have, is a lifeless piece of equipment
until a person uses it. It then becomes a uniquely responsive tool--an extension of the
photographer's eye and mind. A photographer creates a picture by a process of selection.
Photographers looking through the camera's viewfinder must decide what to include and what to
exclude from the scene. They select the distance from which to take the picture and the precise
angle that best suits their purpose. They select the instant in which to trip the shutter. This
decision may require hours of patient waiting until the light is exactly right or it may be a splitsecond decision, but the photographer's sense of timing is always crucial. Photographers can
expand or flatten perspective by the use of certain lenses. They can freeze motion or record it as
a blur, depending on their choice of shutter speed. They can create an infinite number of lighting
effects with flashes or floodlights. They can alter the tonal values or colors in a picture by their
choice of film and filters. These are only a few of the controls available to a photographer when
taking a picture. Later, in the darkroom, many additional choices are available.

Jennifer XIIA3/22 Final Speaking Test of SMAK KOSAYU MALANG 2014 2015

One of the best ways to view artistic photographs is to visit museums. Today most art museums
include photography exhibitions, and many have a photography department and a permanent
collection of photographic prints. This is a relatively recent development. Another great way to
view photographs is to look at a quality magaznie like National Geograpics.
# How many types are in photography? What are they?
1. Landscape Photography
If you love photography and have the tendency to stop and look at the beautiful scenery
around you and freeze nature in one picture, you are definitely a type of photographer
interested in the type of photography called landscape photography.
2. Wildlife Photography
The genre of photography that focuses on animals and their natural habitat is called wildlife
photography. Animal behaviors in wild are also capture by wildlife photographer. Mostly
these pictures are captured to be printed in journals or exhibitions. Many people practice this
type of photography. Apart from a good camera, several lens, strong flashlight, you need
patience to click the right picture.
3. Aerial photography
Aerial photography is that kind of photography where pictures are captures from a higher
altitude such as planes, air balloons, parachutes and skyscrapers. These pictures provide a
larger view of the subject and its background.
4. Sports Photography
This genre of photography specializes in capturing a decisive moment in an event of sports.
Sports photography is one of the difficult types of photography. It requires practice along
with the various equipments.
5. Portrait Photography
One of the oldest types of photography is portrait photography. It can range from shooting
your family members to friends to pets. It is often called portraiture and this type of
photographer abounds.
6. Architectural Photography
This type of photography deals with taking shots of structures, houses and buildings from
different angles. The main purpose of architectural photography is to create a positive
impact on potential real estate buyers.
7. Wedding Photography/Event Photography
It is said that a newcomer in professional photography begins his/her career by practicing a
wedding orevent photography. But that does not mean that this type of photographer does
not require and any skill. A person dealing in this type of photography has to be an expert in
portraiture and extremely good editing skills. The demand for wedding photography or event
photography is more.
8. Fashion Photography
Fashion photography captures models in a glamorous light display fashion items such as
clothes, shoes and other accessories. This type of photography is conducted mostly for
advertisements and fashion magazines.
9. Baby Photography/Family Photography
Baby/family photography is another popular type of photography. Baby/family photography
is conducted when a family is blessed with a newborn. The different expressions of a baby
as well as along with the family members are captured in this type of photography. The
whole family comes together to freeze one moment in time in this type of photography.
10. Macro Photography
Macro photography is that type of photography in which pictures are shot at a closer range
to showcase the details of the subject matter. The interesting subjects of macro photography
are flowers, insects, textures of interwoven things such as sweaters, baskets etc.

Jennifer XIIA3/22 Final Speaking Test of SMAK KOSAYU MALANG 2014 2015

Sumber:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photography
http://izzigadgets.com/blog/stop-making-these-mistakes-to-improve-your-photography/
http://www.exposureguide.com/top-10-digital-photography-mistakes.htm
http://designgrapher.com/types-of-photography/
http://lifehacker.com/5815742/basics-of-photography-the-complete-guide
http://scphoto.com/html/history.html
http://digital-photography-school.com/what-do-you-want-to-learn-about-photography-inthe-next-13-months/

Jennifer XIIA3/22 Final Speaking Test of SMAK KOSAYU MALANG 2014 2015

Jennifer XIIA3/22 Final Speaking Test of SMAK KOSAYU MALANG 2014 2015

Jennifer XIIA3/22 Final Speaking Test of SMAK KOSAYU MALANG 2014 2015