Sexually Transmitted

Diseases

Transmitted in adults predominantly

by sexual intercourse

Bacteria

N. gonorrhoeae
C. trachomatis
T. pallidum
C. granulomatis
U. urealyticum

Transmitted in adults predominantly

by sexual intercourse

Viral

HIV
HSV 2
Human Papillomavirus
Cytomegalovirus
Molluscum contagiosum

Transmitted in adults predominantly

by sexual intercourse

Others

Trichomonas vaginalis
Phthirus pubis
Sarcoptis scabei

SEXUAL TRANSMISSION REPEATEDLY

DESCRIBED BUT NOT THE PREDOMINANT
MODE OF TRANSMISSION

Bacteria

M. hominis
G. vaginalis
Group B Streptococcus

SEXUAL TRANSMISSION REPEATEDLY

DESCRIBED BUT NOT THE PREDOMINANT
MODE OF TRANSMISSION

Virus

HTLV 1
Hepatitis B, C, D viruses
HSV 1
EBV

Others

C. albicans

TRANSMITTED BY SEXUAL CONTACT

INVOLVING ORAL-FECAL EXPOSURE

Bacteria

Virus

Shigella
Campylobacter
Hepatitis A virus

Others

G. lamblia
E. histolytica

RISK FACTORS

Women who are under 20 when they

have:

First sexual intercourse

First pregnancy
Multiple pregnancies

RISK FACTORS

Individuals with:

Multiple sexual partners

Partner(s) with multiple sexual partners
Partner(s) at risk for STDs
Partner(s) with STD
Minority groups

Women wearing IUDs

COMMON STD SYNDROMES AND

ETIOLOGIC AGENTS
A.

Urethritis, male

N. Gonorrhoeae, C.
trachomatis, U.
urealyticum, HSV

A.

Epididymitis

C. trachomatis, N.
gonorrhoeae

COMMON STD SYNDROMES AND

ETIOLOGIC AGENTS

Lower Genital Tract

Infection

Cystitis/Urethritis

C. trachomatis, N.
gonorrheae, HSV

Mucopurulent
cervivitis

-same as cystitis/urethritis

COMMON STD SYNDROMES AND

ETIOLOGIC AGENTS

Lower Genital Tract

Infection

Vulvovaginitis

Bacterial vaginosis

C. albicans, T. vaginalis
BV-associated flora

COMMON STD SYNDROMES AND

ETIOLOGIC AGENTS

Acute PID

Ulcerative lesions of
the genitalia

N. gonorrheae, C.
trachomatis, BVassociated flora
HSV-1, HSV-2, T.
pallidum, H. ducreyi,
C. trachomatis (LGV
strain, C.
granulomatis

COMMON STD SYNDROMES AND

ETIOLOGIC AGENTS

Proctitis

Acute arthritis

-same as urethritis,
cervicitis-, T.
pallidum
N. gonorrheae, C.
trachomatis, HBV,
HIV

COMMON STD SYNDROMES AND

ETIOLOGIC AGENTS

Genital/Anal warts

AIDS

Scabies
Pubic louse

Human
Papillomavirus
HIV-1,HIV-2

TREPONEMA PALLIDUM

Morphology:

Slender spirals, motile

Can be seen only using
immunoflourescence or darkfield
microscopy
Reproduce by transverse fission

TREPONEMA PALLIDUM

Culture:

Never been cultured on artificial media/or

tissue culture

TREPONEMA PALLIDUM

Reaction to physical/chemical agents:

Rapidly killed by drying, temperature of
42 o C or higher, penicillin

Clinical Findings

Acquired Syphilis

Transmitted by sexual contact, blood

transfusion/organ donation
Multiply locally at the site of entry

Acquired Syphilis

Primary lesion

hard Chancre
Papule that breaks down to form ulcer at
the site of infection heals spontaneously

Acquired Syphilis

Secondary Lesion

Reddish macular rash anywhere in the

body
Condyloma lata moist, pale papules
develop in the anogenital areas, axilla,
mouth
Syphilitic meningitis, chorioretinitis,
Hepatitis, Nephritis, Periostitis
Heals spontaneously

Acquired Syphilis

Tertiary Lesion

Granulomatous lesions
Gumma-in the skin, bones, liver
Degenerative changes in the CNS or
Cardiovascular lesion
Treponemes are rare

Congenital Syphilis

Miscarriage
Interstitial keratitis, Hutchinsons teeth,
Saddlenose, Periostitis, CNS anomalies

Laboratory tests

Darkfield Examination /
Immunoflourescence
Serological Test for Syphilis (STS)

Non Treponemal Antigen test

Flocculation test (VDRL, RPR) : (+) test

revert to (-) in 6-8 months after
effective tx.
Complement fixation (Wassermann,
Kolmer)

Treponemal Antibody Tests

Flourescence Treponemal Antibody (FTA-Abs)

: first test to become (+); remain (+) many
years after effective Tx.
T. pallidum Immobilization (TPI)
T. pallidum Complement Fixation Test
T. pallidum Hemagglutination (TPHA) test

VDRL & FTA-Abs can be use in CSF