EEL 4213 Power Systems I

Power System Design Project

The single-line diagram shows a 31-bus interconnected power systems.

The following data are given:

Bus Data and Load Schedule

The system base is 100 MVA
Maximum
Bus Nominal Load Real Power
Bus Number Generator 
Type Voltage Power Factor
Power Output
1 PQ 230 kV 43 MW 0.90  
 2 PQ 230 kV 28 MW 0.95  
3 PV 115 kV   0 MW 1.0 300 MW / 0.9 pf
4 PQ 115 kV 23 MW 0.92  
5 PQ 230 kV   18.6 MW 0.91  
6 PQ 230 kV 30 MW 0.96  
7 PQ 230 kV 22 MW 0.87  
8 PQ 115 kV   9.4 MW 0.94  
9 PQ 69 kV   6.3 MW 0.86  
10 PQ 69 kV   15.2 MW 0.87  
11 PQ 115 kV 42 MW 0.91  
12 PV 115 kV   0 MW 1.0 250 MW / 0.95 pf
13 PQ 69 kV   12.7 MW 0.73  
14 PQ 69 kV   16.8 MW 0.89  
15 PQ 230 kV 34 MW 0.94  
16 PQ 230 kV 37 MW 0.95  
17 PV 230 kV    0 MW 1.0  350 MW / 0.9 pf
18 PQ 69 kV 5.2 MW 0.63  
19 PQ 115 kV 19.9 MW 0.97  
20 PQ 69 kV 0.8 MW 0.66  
21 PQ 115 kV 40 MW 0.89  
22 PQ 115 kV 26 MW 0.93  
23 PQ 69 kV 2.5 MW 0.99  
24 PQ 230 kV 46 MW 0.89  
25 PQ 230 kV 33 MW 0.96  
26 PQ 230 kV 44 MW 0.86  
27 PQ 230 kV 81 MW 0.93  
28 PQ 69 kV 2.3 MW 0.91  
29 PQ 115 kV 15.3 MW 0.95  
30 Slack 115 kV   0 MW 1.0 400 MW / 0.9 pf
31 PQ 230 kV 74 MW 0.91  

Based on the data given:

 Taking into consideration the load allocated above, select appropriate transmission line
voltage ratings, MVA ratings, and distances necessary to supply these loads.  Then
 determine the per unit transmission line impedances for the lines shown on the single-line
diagram.  Show your calculations.
 Select appropriate transformer voltage and MVA ratings, and determine the per unit
transformer leakage impedances for the transformers shown on the single-line diagram.
 Develop a generation schedule for the 4 generator buses.
 Show on a copy of the single-line diagram in per unit the line impedances, transformer
impedances, generator outputs, and loads that you have selected above.
 Using the power flow program, run a base-case power flow.  In addition, to the printed
input/output data files, show on a separate copy of the single-line diagram the per unit
bus voltages as well as real and reactive line flows, generator outputs, and loads.  Flag
any high/low bus voltages for which 0.95 <= V <= 1.05 pu is violated, and any lines or
transformer flows that exceed normal ratings.
 If the base case shows any high/low voltages or ratings exceeded, then correct the base
case by making changes.  Explain the changes you have made.
 Repeat the power flow program step above.  Rerun the power flow program and show
your changes on a separate copy of the single-line diagram.
 Provide a typed report and summary of your results along with your calculations for the
work above, the printed power flow input/output data, and copies of the single-line
diagram.  The report is to be in standard professional engineering format.

Graduate Students:

After completing the above tasks, select one of the two following activities.

 Select three buses on the system, and conduct a fault analysis for each of the buses.  In
the analysis, consider the four different types of faults that could happen. Determine the
fault current contribution in each transmission line or transformer to the bus fault.
 Conduct an economic dispatch study on the system.  Determine the loss coefficients.
Does the dispatch violate any of the line or transformer limitations.

Branch Data
Start Bus End Bus Circuit Type Line Distance Transformer Tap Range
1 2 Line 50 km  
1 5 Line 20 km  
2 3 Transformer   0.90 to 1.10 in steps of 2.5%
3 4 Line 35 km  
4 8 Line 25 km  
5 6 Line 45 km  
6 7 Line 40 km   
7 9 Transformer   0.90 to 1.10 in steps of 2.5%
7 24 Line 35 km  
8 9 Transformer   0.90 to 1.10 in steps of 2.5%
8 11 Line 60 km  
 8 19 Line 30 km  
8 29 Line 55 km  
9 10 Line 80 km  
11 12 Line 65 km  
11 13 Transformer   0.90 to 1.10 in steps of 2.5%
13 14 Line 70 km  
14 15 Transformer   0.90 to 1.10 in steps of 2.5%
14 16 Transformer   0.90 to 1.10 in steps of 2.5%
15 17 Line 45 km  
15 26 Line 65 km  
16 17 Line 70 km  
16 18 Transformer   0.90 to 1.10 in steps of 2.5%
19 20 Transformer   0.90 to 1.10 in steps of 2.5%
19 21 Line 50 km  
21 22 Line 55 km  
23 24 Transformer   0.90 to 1.10 in steps of 2.5%
24 25 Line 25 km  
25 26 Line 60 km  
26 27 Line 40 km  
26 31 Line 55 km  
27 28 Transformer   0.90 to 1.10 in steps of 2.5%
 29 30 Line 65 km  
 30 31 Transformer   0.90 to 1.10 in steps of 2.5%

 
 
 
Standard Transformer Sizes
 Voltage Class KVA Rating
10, 15, 25, 50 MVA

 
 
Standard Transformer Impedance Range
High Voltage Low Voltage Impedance Limit in Percent Approximate Efficiency
Winding (kV) Winding (kV) Min. Max. at 2 MVA at 10 MVA at 50 MVA
115 69 9.0 14.0 98.6 % 99.12 % 99.45 %
230 69 12.5 18.0 98.5 % 99.11 % 99.44 %
230 115 14.0 20.0 98.4 % 99.10 % 99.44 %
 
Electrical Characteristics of Bare Aluminum Conductors, Steel-Reinforced
(ACSR)
AC Resistance
AC Resistance
Aluminum Outside GMR, Approximate @ 50 C
Strands @ 25 C
Area Diameter Ds Current Carrying (ohms/mile)
(Al / Fe) (ohms/mile)
(kcmil) (inches) (ft) Capacity @ 75 C 75% of current
small currents
capacity
954 54/7 1.196 0.0403 1010 0.0982 0.1128
795 26/7 1.108 0.0375 900 0.117 0.1288
636 54/7 0.977 0.0329 770 0.148 0.1688
556 30/7 0.953 0.0328 730 0.168 0.1859
336 26/7 0.721 0.0244 530 0.278 0.306
266 6/7 0.633 0.00664 460 0.352 0.552

 
Available Tower Designs
Click on image to enlarge

69 kV Single Circuit Steel 69 kV Double Circuit Steel

69 kV H-Frame
Tower Tower
 115 kV Single Circuit Steel 115 kV Double Circuit Steel
115 kV H-Frame
Tower Tower

230 kV Double Circuit Steel

Tower