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Working with Business Objects in SAP

BySwetabhShukla,Infosys
Business Object type contains methods, attributes and events which give a component based view of any
BusinessProcess.
For example we have a Purchase Order business process. This process includes various small
functionalities. It will have process of changing Purchase orders based upon requirements, functionality to
retrieve the details of purchase order etc. Each of these functionalities is encapsulated inside a method.
The method can call the function modules present in R3 system or can have there own code to execute
somefunctionality.SoifweconsiderPurchaseOrderasaBusinessObjectthenitwillbeidentifiedbykey
field Purchase Order number. Each purchase order business object based upon key field purchase order
numberisdifferent.Itssobecauseeachpurchaseorderisdifferentandwillcontaindifferentdetails.
So the methods contain business functionality. Attributes are just like properties of the Business object.
ForexampleforanypurchaseorderPurchasingGroup,PurchasingOrganizationetcareattributes.
Technically we can say that business object types are just like any template. At runtime we instantiate or
createruntimeobjectsforanyBO(BusinessObject)typebaseduponthekeyfieldswepass.Tworuntime
BusinessobjectsofsameBOtypearedifferentfromeachotherbaseduponthekeyfieldswepass.Sothe
keyfieldisthedifferentiatingfactorfortwoormoreruntimebusinessobjectsofsameBOtype.
To Browse for BO open tcode SWO2 (Path > Tools >ABAP Workbench>Overview>Business Object
Browser).

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YoucanexpandthenodesandcancheckvariousbusinessobjectsinBOR.YoucandoubleclickontheBO
nodeanditwilltakeyoutoBOdisplay(SWO1).

1 WorkingwithBusinessObjectinourprograms

For creating a Business Object and its attributes there are many already existing tutorials. So in this
tutorialwewillnotdiscusscreationofBOanditsattributes.

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1.1To create instance of a BO

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Name:

TocreateaninstanceofBOweneedtohavethekeyfieldsofthatBO.Keyfieldswillbeusedtouniquely
identifytheBO.WecanusetheFM'SWO_CREATE'tocreateaninstanceofBOinanyreportprogram.

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DATA:
i_objtypeTYPEswo_objtyp,
i_objkeyTYPEswo_typeid,
objectTYPEswo_objhnd.

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GO

i_objtype=<BusinessObject>
i_objkey=<BOkey>
CALLFUNCTION'SWO_CREATE'
EXPORTING
objtype=i_objtype
objkey=i_objkey
IMPORTING
object=object.

Thevariableobjectwillholdruntimeinstanceoftheobjecttype.
Theotherwayistousethemacrosdefinedininclude<cntn01>
INCLUDE<cntn01>.
DATA:
i_objtypeTYPEswo_objtyp,
i_objkeyTYPEswo_typeid,
objectTYPEswc_object.
*CreateinstanceofObjecttype
swc_create_objectobjecti_objtypei_objkey.

Internally the macro calls the FM SWO_CREATE. So you can either go for direct FM call or the macro
call.

1.2Container
Basically the term Container is used with reference to Business Objects and Workflows. The Container
actually holds import and export parameters associated with any method of Business Object at runtime.
When ever we are calling any method of Business Object we need to populate container for import
parametersandafterthemethodgetsexecuteditreturnsthevalues(exportparameters)inContainer.
BusinessObjectcontaineristechnicallyoftypeSWCONTstructure.

Here ELEMENT will be name of the variable/internal table which container holds and VALUE will have
corresponding value. For multi line variable or internal tables, the container will hold multiple values with
sameelementname.

1.2.1Lets take an example to check what Container is

For example lets create a Business Object ZSWE1 with only one method READ. We will discuss the
creationofBOinverybrief.
KeyfieldwillbePurchaseOrdernumber(EKKO_EBELN)forBO.
MethodREADwilltakePurchaseOrdernumberasinputandwillgiveallthePurchaseLineitemsinitinan
internaltable.
Step1:CreateBOZSWE1fortestpurpose.Youcangiveitanyname.

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Step2:NowcreateamethodREAD

Savethemethod.Nowwewillcreatetheparametersofthemethod.
ImportParameters

PurchaseDocument

EKKOEBELN

ExportParameter

ITEM

EKKOEBELP(multiline)

PurchasingDocumentwillbeaimportparameteroftypeEKKO_EBELN.
ITEMwillbeaexportparameteroftypeEKKO_EBELPandwillbeamultilinevariable(internaltable)

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