1.

UDP glucose is required:

*to synthesize glycogen
convert glucose to fructose
stimulate citrate syntheses
to produce ribulose-5-phosphate

2.Which of the following is an aerobic product of Pyruvate catabolic metabolism?

lactate
ethanol
*acetyl CoA
glucose

3.Synthesis of 2, 3-bisphosphoglycerate occurs in the tissue namely_____.

liver
kidney
*erythrocytes
brain

4.Which one of the following carbohydrate is called animal starch?

*Glycogen.
Fructose.
Sucrose.
Glucose.

5.Glucose will be converted into fatty acids if the diet has excess of ____.
proteins
*carbohydrates
fats
vitamins

6.Enzymes for Krebs cycle are located in

Cytoplasma
Mitochondrial membrane
*Mitochondrial matrix
Microsomes

7.Number of ATPs generated in TCA cycle

10
*12
15
30

8.HMP SHUNT pathway is also known as

*Pentose phosphate pathway
Transaldolase pathway
Phosphogluconate pathway
Transketolase pathway

9.Chain elongation of fatty acids occurs in _________.

Cytosol.

Mitochondria.
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum.
*Both b and c.

10.Total ATP produce from one molecule of palmitic acid is completely oxidation
121
*129
131
139

11.Which following enzyme is involved in the transport of fatty acyl CoA from
cytosol to mitochondrial matrix?
Carnitine palmitoyl tansferase I
Carnitine palmitoyl tansferase II.
Carnitine acyl carnitine translocase.
*All of the above.

12.End product of anaerobic phase of glycolysis is _________.

acetyl CoA.
pyruvate.
fructose 1,6-bisphosphate.
*lactate.

13.In aerobic phase of glycolysis, one mole of glucose yields __________.

2 ATP
4 ATP
*8 ATP

12 ATP

14.The lipids that function as fuel reserve in animals are _________.

*triacylglycerols.
monoacylglycerols.
diacylglycerols.
glycerols.

15.Chain elongation of fatty acids occurs in _________.

Cytosol
Mitochondria
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum.
*Both b and c

16.Glycolysis operates in _________.

endoplasmic reticulum
*cytoplasm
mitochondria
golgi apparatus

17.Normal level of total cholesterol in serum of adult varies from _____mg/dl.

50-100
100-175
*150-250
250-350

18.Fatty acids of lipids are generally _________.

Branched chain
Cyclic chain
*Linear chain with even number of carbon atoms
Linear chain with odd number of carbon atoms

19.Which one of the following does not possesses glucose?

Starch
Glycogen
*Inulin
Cellulose

20.Lipids are ___________.

Heterogeneous group of compounds actually related to fatty acids.
Insoluble in water.
Soluble in non-polar solvents.
*All the above.

21.Beta oxidation of fatty acids occurs in _________.

*Mitochondria
Microsomes.
Peroxisomes.
Cytoplasm.

22.Which one of them is known as final oxidative pathway?

Glycolysis

*Tricarboxylic acid cycle

HMP Shunt pathway
Glycogenolysis

23.In Pompes glycogen storage diseases which organs are affected?

Liver
Kidney
Heart
*All organs

24.Ketone bodies are_______?

Acetone
Acetoacetate
- Hydroxybutric acid
*All them

25.Who many calories of energy is produced from one molecule of carbohydrate?

10 Cal/g
5 Cal/g
*4 Cal/g
2 Cal/g

26.In mammalian cells rRNA is produced mainly in the

Endoplasmic reticulum
Ribosome
*Nucleolus

Nucleus

27.The power house of the cell is

Nucleus
Cell membrane
*Mitochondria
Lysosomes

28.The ability of the cell membrane to act as a selective barrier depends upon
The lipid composition of the membrane
The pores which allows small molecules
The special mediated transport systems
*All of these

29.The degradative Processes are categorized under the heading of

Anabolism
*Catabolism
Metabolism
None of the above

30.A pentose sugar is

Dihydroxyacetone
*Ribulose
Erythrose
Glucose

31.The sugar found in milk is

Galactose
Glucose
Fructose
*Lactose

32.During starvation, Ketone bodies are used as a fuel by

Erythrocytes
*Brain
Liver
All of these

33.Obesity increases the risk of

Hypertension
Diabetes mellitus
Cardiovascular disease
*All of these

34.Glucose will be converted into fatty acids if the diet has excess of
*Carbohydrates
Proteins
Fat
Vitamins

35.The following is an enzyme required for glycolysis:

*Pyruvate kinase

Pyruvate carboxylase
Glucose-6-phosphatose
Glycerokinase

36.When O2 supply is inadequate, pyruvate is converted to

Phosphopyruvate
Acetyl CoA
*Lactate
Alanine

37.Synthesis of Glucose from amino acids is termed as

Glycolysis
*Gluconeogenesis
Glycogenesis
Lipogenesis

38.The glycolysis is regulated by

Hexokinase
Phosphofructokinase
Pyruvate kinase
*All of these

39.Ketosis can occurs in

Hyperglycemia
Diabetes mellitus
Hypertension

*Uncontrolled diabetes mellitus

40.The plasma lipoprotein which transport cholesterol from peripheral tissues to

liver is
VLDL
LDL
*HDL
Chylomicrons

41.All the tissues are capable of using Ketone bodies except.

Brain
Skeletal muscles
Renal cortex
*Erythrocyte

42.Serum Creatinine levels normally is in range of

0.20.5 mg/dl
*0.51.5 mg/dl
1.52.0 mg/dl
2.02.5 mg/dl

43.The characteristic red color of hemoglobin is due to

Iron
*Heme
Globin
Heme-globin conjugation

44.The end product of protein catabolism is

*Urea
Glucose
Uric acid
Bilirubin

45.How many different number of amino acid are present?

10
*20
30
40

46.Enzyme increase the rate of reaction by:

*Decrease the energy of activation
Increase the energy of activation
Increase the free energy change of the reaction
Decrease the free energy change of the reaction

47.Serum amylase is highly raised in

Diabetes mellitus
*Acute pancreatitis
Bone disorders
Liver disorders

48.Creatin Kinase (CK) is found in

Myocardium

Brain
Muscles
*All of the above

49.Which of the following non protein act as an enzyme?

DNA
Phospholipids
Glycolipids
*RNA

50.Which one is fat soluble vitamin:

Riboflavin
Folic acid
*Vitamin K
Vitamin C

51.Poor source of vitamin D is:

Liver
*Eggs
Milk
Butter

52.The complete oxidation of glucose occurs in:

Glycolysis
HMP-shunt
TCA cycle

*Glycolysis and TCA cycle

53.Plasma become milky :

Due to high level of HDL
Due to high level of LDL
During fasting
*After a meal

54.Positive nitrogen balance is seen :

Starvation
Wasting diseases
*Growing age
Intestinal malabsorption

55.Urea cycle take place in two cellular compartments which are:

Cytosol and vacuole
Cytosol and endoplasmic reticulum
*Cytosol and mitochondria
Cytosol and nucleus

56.The main site for synthesis of fatty acid within the cell is
Mitochondria
*Cytosol
Golgi bodies
Plasma membrane

58.The lipoprotein that brings back cholesterol from tissues to liver is

VLDL
LDL
Chylomicrons
*HDL

59.Normal blood urea levels is in the range of

78 mg/dl
1015 mg/dl
*1540 mg/dl
3050 mg/dl

60.The two nitrogen atoms of urea are derived from

Ammonia (two atoms)
Aspartic acid
*Ammonia and aspartic acid
Ammonia and Arginine

61.Leucine, Valine, and isoleucine are also known as

*Branched chain amino acid
Acidic amino acid
Basic amino acid
Aromatic amino acid

62.Good source of calcium in diet is

*Milk

Bread
Egg white
Wheat

63.The RDA per day for Iron for an adult man is

5 mg
*10mg
20mg
50mg

64.Iron is stored in the form of ferritin in

*Liver
Spleen
Kidney
Bone marrow

65.Which serum isoenzymes of LDH increase in hepatic dysfunction?

LDH-1
LHD-2
LHD-3
*LDH-5

66.An aromatic amino acid is

Alanine
Arginine
Lysine

*Tyrosine

67.After releasing O2 at the tissues, hemoglobin transports

*CO2 and protons to the lungs
O2 to the lungs
CO2 and protons to the tissue
Nutrients

68.The minimum number of polypeptide chains in an immunoglobulin is

Two
*Four
Five
Six

69.Which bond is present in the primary structure of protein?

Ester
Hydrogen
Ionic bond
*Peptide

70.Plasma protein can be separated by

Salting out with (NH4)2SO4
Ultracentrifugation
Immuno electrophoresis
*All of these

71.An example of a saturated fatty acid is

*Palmitic acid
Oleic acid
Linoleic acid
Erucic acid

72.Molecular formula of cholesterol is

*C27H45OH
C29H47OH
C29H47OH
C23H41OH

73.Atherosclerosis and coronary heart diseases are associated with the diet:
*High in total fat and saturated fat
Low in protein
High in protein
High in carbohydrate

74.The normal range of total serum bilirubin is

*0.21.2 mg/dl
1.51.8 mg/dl
2.04.0 mg/dl
Above 7.0 mg/dl

75.Number of carbon atoms in cholesterol is

17

19
*27
30

76.All the following amino acids are nonessential except

Alanine
*Histidine
Cysteine
Proline

77.Amino acid Histidine contain

*Imidazole group
Indole group
Hydroxyl group
None of the above

78.The following is transport protein

Histones
*Hemoglobin
Myosin
Hemosidrein

79.A peptide bond is

Single bond in character
Double bond in character
*Partial double bond in character

Triple bond in character

80.All the following enzymes are transferases, except

Hexokinase
Alanine transaminase
Aspirate transaminase
*Dioxygenase

81.Enzymes act by reducing the

*Activation energy
Binding energy
Heat energy
All the above

82.In competitive inhibition of enzymes

Km increase whereas Vmax decrease
*Km increase whereas Vmax unchanged
Vmax increase whereas Km decrease
Vmax increase whereas Km unchanged

83.Which one of the pathways occurs both in Cytosol and mitochondria

Urea cycle
Gluconeogenesis
Heme synthesis
*All the above

84.The nitrogen atoms in the pyrrole ring of the porphyrin molecule usually
chelates with the following metal ion
*Iron
Copper
Sodium
Zinc

85.The concentration of unconjugated bilirubin is elevated in

Obstructive jaundice
*Hemolytic jaundice
Hepatic jaundice
All the above

86.The apoprotein in Chylomicrons is

APO-D
APO-E
*APO-B48
None of the above

87.Acetyl CoA is oxidized via the following

Glycolysis
*TCA cycle
Beta oxidation
None of the above

88.The end product of anaerobic glycolysis is

Pyruvate

Acetyl CoA
*Lactate
Phosphoenolpyruvate

89.The desirable serum cholesterol levels should be

Less than 100 mg/dl
*Less than 200 mg/dl
Less than 300 mg/dl
Less than 400 mg/dl

90.All the following molecules are synthesized by the liver, except

*Immunoglobulins
Albumin
Cholesterol
Lipoprotein

100.All the serum enzymes are elevated in liver dysfunction except

ALT
AST
*CK
GGT

101.Which of the following renal diseases caused proteinuria (albuminuria)

glomerulonephritis
nephrotic syndrome
diabetic nephropathy

*all the above

102.Which one of the Immunoglobuins crosses placental barrier

*IgG
IgM
IgA
IgD

103.One molecule of Hemoglobin can bind to maximum number of oxygen

Two molecules of oxygen
One molecules of oxygen
Three molecules of oxygen
*Four molecules of oxygen

104Immunoglobuins are synthesized by

T- lymphocytes
*B-lymphocytes
Neutrophils
All the above

105.Which one of Immunoglobuins takes part in first line of defence ( primary

immune response)
IgG
*IgM
IgA
IgD

106.The digestive enzymes belong to class of

Transferases
Lyases
*Hydrolases
Ligases

107.The dietary source of vitamin A

Liver organ meat
Green leafy vegetables
Carrots
*All the above

108.Low sodium intake is recommended for the patients of

Diabetes mellitus
Liver cirrhosis
*Hypertension
All the above

109.All the following classes of lipids are components of biological membrane

except
Phospholipids
*Glycolipids
Cholesterol
Triacylglycerols

110.Starch is synthesized by
Animals

Plants
*Both
None

111.The enzymes for Krebs cycle are located in

Cytoplasma
Mitochondrial membrane
*Mitochondrial matrix
Microsomes

112.Number of ATPs generated in TCA cycle

10
*12
15
30

113.HMP SHUNT pathway is also known as

*Pentose phosphate pathway
Transaldolase pathway
Phosphogluconate pathway
Transketolase pathway

114.Chain elongation of fatty acids occurs in _________.

Cytosol.
Mitochondria.
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum.

*Both b and c.

115.Total gain of ATP in complete oxidation of one molecule of palmaitic acid is

________.
121
*129
131
139

116.Which one of the following enzyme is involved in the transport of fatty acyl CoA
from cytosol to mitochondrial matrix?
Carnitine palmitoyl tansferase I
Carnitine palmitoyl tansferase II.
Carnitine acyl carnitine translocase.
*All of the above.

117.End product of anaerobic phase of glycolysis is _________.

acetyl CoA.
pyruvate.
fructose 1,6-bisphosphate.
*lactate.

118.Inaerobic phase of glycolysis, one gram mole of glucose yields __________.

2 ATP
4 ATP
*8 ATP
12 ATP

119.The lipids that function as fuel reserve in animals are _________.

*triacylglycerols
monoacylglycerols
diacylglycerols
glycerols

120.Chain elongation of fatty acids occurs in _________.

Cytosol
Mitochondria
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
*Both b and c

121.Glycolysis operates in _________.

endoplasmic reticulum
*cytoplasm
mitochondria
golgi apparatus

122.Normal level of total cholesterol in serum of adult varies from _____mg/dl.

50-100
100-175
*150-250
250-350

123.Fatty acids of lipids are generally _________.

Branched chain.
Cyclic chain.
*Linear chain with even number of carbon atoms.
Linear chain with odd number of carbon atoms.

124.Which one of the following does not possesses glucose?

Starch
Glycogen
*Inulin
Cellulose

125.Lipids are______.
Heterogeneous group of compounds actually related to fatty acids.
Insoluble in water
Soluble in non-polar solvents
*All the above

126.Beta oxidation of fatty acids occurs in _________.

*Mitochondria
Microsomes
Peroxisomes
Cytoplasm

127.Which one of them is known as final oxidative pathway?

Glycolysis
*Tricarboxylic acid cycle
HMP Shunt pathway
Glycogenolysis

128.In pompes glycogen storage diseases which organs are affected?

Liver
Kidney
Heart
*All organs

129.Ketone bodies are_______?

Acetone
Acetoacetate
- Hydroxybutric acid
*All them

130.Who many calories of energy is produced from one molecule of carbohydrate?

10 Cal/g
5 Cal/g
*4 Cal/g
2 Cal/g

131.Proteins are made up of type of amino acids

*Only L a- amino acids
Only D-amino acids

-Amino acids
Both (A) and (B)

132.Sulphur containing amino acid is

*Methionine
Leucine
Valine
Asparagine

133.An aromatic amino acid is

Lysine
*Tyrosine
Taurine
Arginine

134.An essential amino acid in man is

Aspartate
Tyrosine
*Methionine
Serine

135.Non essential amino acids

Are not components of tissue proteins
*May be synthesized in the body from essential amino acids
Have no role in the metabolism
May be synthesized in the body in diseased States

136.An example of basic amino acid is

Alanine
Leucine
*Arginine
Valine

137.The protein present in hair is

*Keratin
Elastin
Myosin
Tropocollagen

138.In proteins the ?-helix and ?-pleated sheet are examples of

Primary structure
*Secondary structure
Tertiary structure
Quaternary structure

139.Denaturation of proteins results in

Disruption of primary structure
Breakdown of peptide bonds
*Destruction of hydrogen bonds
Irreversible changes in the molecule

140.Pepsinogen is converted to active pepsin by

*HCl
Bile salts
Ca++
Enterokinase

141.The main site of urea synthesis in mammals is

*Liver
Skin
Intestine
Kidney

142.The number of ATP required for urea synthesis is

0
1
2
*3

143.The 2 nitrogen atoms in urea are contributed by

Ammonia and glutamate
Glutamine and glutamate
*Ammonia and aspartate
Ammonia and alanine

144.At isoelectric pH, an amino acid exists as

Anion
Cation

*Zwitterion
None of these

145.All the following are branched chain amino acids except

Isoleucine
*Alanine
Leucine
Valine

146.An organ which is extremely sensitive to ammonia toxicity is

Liver
*Brain
Kidney
Heart

147.The major site of urea synthesis is

Brain
Kidneys
*Liver
Muscles

148.A Holoenzyme is
Functional unit
Apo enzyme
Coenzyme
*All of these

149.Fischers lock and key model of the enzyme action implies that
The active site is complementary in shape to that of substance only after
interaction.
*The active site is complementary in shape to that of substance
Substrates change conformation prior to active site interaction
The active site is flexible and adjusts to Substrate

150.In enzyme kinetics Vmax reflects

*The amount of an active enzyme
Substrate concentration
Half the substrate concentration
Enzyme substrate complex

151.In enzyme kinetics Km implies

*The substrate concentration that gives one half Vmax
The dissocation constant for the enzyme substrate comples
Concentration of enzyme
Half of the substrate concentration required to achieve Vmax

152.The pH optima of most of the enzymes is

Between 2 and 4
*Between 5 and 9
Between 8 and 12
Above 12

153.Coenzymes are

*Heat stable, dialyzable, non protein organic molecules

Soluble, colloidal, protein molecules
Structural analogue of enzymes
Different forms of enzymes

154.Isoenzymes are
*Chemically, immunologically and electrophoretically different forms of an enzyme
Different forms of an enzyme similar in all properties
Catalysing different reactions
Having the same quaternary structures like the enzymes

155.The isoenzymes of LDH

Differ only in a single amino acid
Differ in catalytic activity
*Exist in 5 forms depending on M and H monomer contents
Occur as monomers

156.Factors affecting enzyme activity:

Concentration
pH
Temperature
*All of these

157.Serum acid phosphatase level increases in

*Metastatic carcinoma of prostate
Myocardial infarction

Wilsons disease
Liver diseases

158.The CK isoenzymes present in cardiac muscle is

BB and MB
*MM and MB
BB only
MB only

159.Lineweaver Burk double reciprocal plot is related to

Substrate concentration
Enzyme activity
Temperature
*Both (A) and (B)

160.An example of enzyme inhibition:

Reversible inhibition
Irreversible inhibition
Allosteric inhibition
*All of these

161.Which of the following vitamin is essential for the absorption of calcium from
the intestinal tract?
*Vitamin D
Vitamin E
Vitamin B12
Vitamin B6

162.Selenium deficiency leads to

*liver necrosis
diarrhea
multiple sclerosis
Crohn's disease

163.Which of the following statement is correct?

Sodium and chloride are the chief extracellular ions of the body
Sodium and chloride are primarily involved in maintaining osmotic equilibrium and
body fluid volume.
Chloride ion is necessary for the production of hydrochloric acid of gastric juice.
*All of these

164.Which of the following is required as a component of blood hemoglobin?

*Iron
Magnesium
Calcium
Copper

165.What is the main source of natural fluoride?

Mushrooms
Potatoes
Meat
*Water

166.Iodine is a part of thyroid hormone and is essential for the prevention of

*goiter
osteoporosis
muscle weakness
diarrhea

167. The carbohydrate reserved in human body is

Starch
Glucose
*Glycogen
Inulin

168.Which one of the following is semi- essential amino acid for humans?
Valine
*Arginine
Lysine
Tyrosine

169.International enzyme commission classi- fies enzymes into

Three classes
*Six classes
Four classess
Ten classes

170.After

releasing O 2 at

*CO2 and protons to the lungs

the

tissues, hemoglobin transports

O2 to the lungs
CO2 and protons to the tissue
Nutrients

171.The end product of protein digestion in G.I.T. is

Dipeptide
Tripeptide
Polypeptide
*Amino acid

172.Which bond is present in the primary structure of protein?

Ester
Hydrogen
Ionic bond
*Peptide

173.The number of helices present in a collagen molecule is

1
2
*3
4

174.Degradation of proteins to amino acids, glucose from carbohydrates and fatty

acids from lipids is known as
Anabolism
Metabolism
*Catabolism

Cretinism

175.The pH at which an enzyme has maximum activity is known as

Isoelectric pH
*Optimum pH
Low pH
High pH

176.Biuret test is specific for

*peptide linkage
Phenolic group
Imidazole ring
None of these

177.Proteins which are responsible for defence mechanism are called

Antimetabolites
*Antibodies
Antimycins
Apoproteins

178.Insulin is a protein which controls

Blood clotting
*Metabolic pathway
Digestion
Krebs cycle

179.The biosynthesis of Urea occurs mainly in the Liver:

Cytosol
Microsomes
Nucleus
*Mitochondria

180.Foetal haemoglobin contains

*Two a and two chains
Two and two ? chains
Both (A) and (B)
None of these

181.When two amino acids peptide bond formation involves removal of one
molecule of
*Water
Ammonia
Carbondioxide
Carboxylic acid

182.Mechanism by which NH3 is removed from the kidneys is

*Urea formation
Uric acid formation
Creatinine formation
None of these

183.The protein present in hair is

Elastin

Prolamine
*Keratin
Gliadin

184.HDL is synthesized and secreted from

Pancreas
*Liver
Kidney
Muscle

185.A pentose sugar is

Dihydroxyacetone
*Ribulose
Erythrose
Glucose

186.Lipogenesis occurs in which cellular compartment

Cytosol
Endoplasmic reticulum
Golgi body
*Mitochondria

187.During starvation, which of the following shows the most marked increase in
plasma concentration?
Free fatty acids
Glucose
Glycogen

*Ketone bodies

188.In which of the following disease patient is not photosensitive?

*Acute intermittent porphyria
Variegate porphyria
Porphyria cutanea tarda
Erythropoietic Protoporphyria

189. Fischers lock and key theory postulates that:

*Active site in enzyme exists in proper conformation to the substrate molecule even
in absence of substrate
Active site during binding to substrate under goes conformational changes to fit
There is absolute specificity in reaction between enzyme and substrate
Enzymes have catalytic power and accelerate reaction by reducing energy of
activation

190.The most important natural antioxidant is

*Vitamin D
Vitamin E
Vitamin B12
Vitamin K

191.Deficiency of vitamin D causes

*Ricket and osteomalacia
Tuberculosis of bone
Hypthyroidism
Skin cancer

192.Scurvy is caused due to the deficiency of

Vitamin A
Vitamin D
Vitamin K
*Vitamin C

193.A deficiency of vitamin B12 causes

Beri-Beri
Scurvy
*Perniciuos anemia
Ricket

194.Vitamin A is stored in the body in

*Liver
Adipose tissue
Reticuloendothelial cells
All of these

195.Prothrombin time is prolonged in

Vitamin K deficiency
Liver damage
*Both (A) and (B)
None of these

196.Dietary deficiency of this vitamin leads to night blindness:

*Retinol
Niacin
Ascorbic acid
Cholecalciferol

197.Milk contains very poor amounts of

Calcium
Phosphate
*Iron
Riboflavin

198.Metal in Vitamin B12 is

Copper
*Cobalt
Iron
Zinc

199.This is a rich source for Vitamin C:

Rice
Milk
Egg
*Lemon

200.Deficiency of Vitamin D leads to

Rickets
Osteomalacia

Xeropthalmia
*Both (A) and (B)

201.Allosteric inhibition is also known as

Competitive inhibition
Non-competitive inhibition
*Feedback inhibition
None of these

202.Key and lock hypothesis of enzyme action was given by

*Fischer
Koshland
Buchner
Kuhne

203.Part of enzyme which combines with non- protein part to form functional
enzyme is
Apoenzyme
Coenzyme
*Prosthetic group
None of these

204.Consumption of iodised salt is recommended in

Patients with hyperthyroidism
Patients with hypothyroidism
Pregnant women
*Goitre belt areas

205.Each myoglobin molecule contains

*One iron atom
Two iron atoms
Four iron atoms
Six iron atoms

206.Each haemoglobin molecule contains

One iron atom
Two iron atoms
*Four iron atoms
Six iron atoms

207.Normal range of serum potassium is

2.1-3.4 mEq/L
*3.5-5.3 mEq/L
5.47.4 mEq/L
7.59.5 mEq/L

208.Normal range of serum chloride is

2427 mEq/L
7080 mEq/L
*100106 mEq/L
120140 mEq/L

209.The Normal range of serum urea is

0.61.5 mg/dl
911 mg/dl
*1040 mg/dl
60100 mg/dl

210.The sulphur containing amino acid:

Homoserine
Serine
*Methionine
Valine

211.In humans, NH3 is detoxified in liver as

Creatinine
Uric acid
*Urea
Uronic acid

212.In the synthesis of 1 molecule of urea in the Krebs Hanseleit cycle, the
number of ATPs required is
1
*2
3
4

213.More creatinine is excreted by

*Adult males
Adult females

Children
Pregnant women

214.HMP shunt path way takes place in.

Erythrocytes
Liver
Testes
*All of these

215.Glucose is the only source of energy for

Myocardium
Kidneys
*Erythrocytes
Thrombocytes

216.Cardiac muscle contains which of the following CK isoenzyme?

BB only
MM and BB only
MM, BB and MB
*MM and MB only

217.Ferritin is
Coenzyme
One of the component of photophosphorylation
*It is the stored form of iron
Non-protein moiety

218.Fluorosis is caused due to

*Excessive intake of fluorine
Low intake of fluorine
Discoloration of the teeth due to low intake
All of these

219.Kwashiorkor result from dietery deficiency of

carbohydrates
*Proteins
Lipids
Minerals

220.Milk is rich in all the following except:

Calcium
Phosphate
*Iron
Sodium

221.Fiber in the diet is essential to prevent:

Colon Cancer
Hyperglycemia
Hypercholesterolemia
*All of the above

222.The normal pH of arterial blood is:

6.35-6.45
*7.35-7.45
4.35-4.45
6.95-7.25

223.Mecanisms for regulation of acid base balance include:

Renal mechanism
Respiratory mechanism
Buffer systems in the blood
*All of the above

224.The a-cells of islets of Langerhans of pancreas secrete:

Insulin
*Glucagon
Oxytocin
Gastrin

225.Diabetes Mellitus is caused due to deficiency of which hormone

Glucogon
*Insulin
Epinepherin
Cortisol

226.Protein biosynthesis takes place in:

Nucleus
Cell membrane

*Ribosomes
Mitochondria

227. Test for reducing sugar is:

Molisch's test
*Benedict's test
Iodine test
Bial's test

228.Which one of the following is an inorganic constituents present in normal urine?

Albumin
Glucose
*Calcium
Bilirubin

229.An example for organic constituents present in normal urine is:

Ammonia
Chloride
Calcium
*Urea

230.In diabetes mellitus, the sugar present in urine is:

Fructose
Lactose
Sucrose
*Glucose

231.Major acid present in juice is:

Acetic acid
Lactic acid
carbonic acid
*Hydrochloric acid

232.The renal threshold for glucose is:

80 mg/dl
100 mg/dl
*180 mg/dl
200 mg/dl

233.The principle organ where detoxication take place is:

Kidney
*Liver
Intestine
Spleen

234.Recommended daily allowance (RDA) of iron for women during pregnancy and
lactation is
10 mg
*18 mg
28 mg
38 mg

235.Total volume of urine excreted daily by a normal adult is:

500-800 ml
*1000-2000 ml
3000-4000 ml
100-200 ml

236.A fatty acid which not synthesized in human body and need to be supplied in
the diet:
Palmitic acid
Oleic acid
*Linoleic acid
Valerie acid

237.Which bond is present in the primary structure of protein?

Hydrogen bond
Disulfide bond
Ionic bond
*Peptide bond

238.Which one is not a fibrous protein?

Elastin
Keratin
Collagen
*Prolamine

239.The potein present in hair is

Elastin
*Keratin

Collagen
Glutelin

240.Enzymes may be used for the following except:

For diagnostic purposes
As tumor markers
as therapeutic agents
*As nutriens

241.An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of an aldose to a ketose sugar is

classified as:
Transferases
Ligases
Oxidoreductase
*Isomerases

242.Which of the following organic groups are found in naturally occuring amino
acids?
Guanidinium ion
Indole
Imidazole
*All of these

243.Molecules in which the atoms are held together by __________ bonds have the
strongest chemical linkages.
noncovalent
*covalent

ionic
hydrogen

244.Which of the following statements about water is correct?

It is critical for many of the chemical processes found in living systems
Polar substances that can form hydrogen bonds will dissolve in it
Nonpolar substances like oils are not soluble in it
*All of the above

245.The main difference between an acid and a base is that

bases are polar molecules and acids are not
acids are polar molecules and bases are not
bases donate hydrogen ions in water while acids accept hydrogen ions
*acids donate hydrogen ions in water while bases accept hydrogen ions

246.Triacylglycerols are
soluble in water
*insoluble in water
soluble in water at elevated temperature
partially soluble in water

247.Phospholipid contains
*hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails
long water-soluble carbon chains
positively charged functional groups
both (b) and (c)

248.Cholestrol is the precursor of

steroid hormones
vitamin A
bile salts
*both (a) and (c)

249.Palmitate has 16 carbon atoms with

2 double bonds
3 double bonds
One double bond
*None of these

250.Why is the TCA cycle the central pathway of metabolism of the cell?
It occurs in the center of the cell
*Its intermediates are commonly used by other metabolic reactions
All other metabolic pathways depend upon it
None of the above

251.In what form does the product of glycolysis enter the TCA cycle?
*AcetylCoA
Pyruvate
NADH
Glucose

252.The enzymes of the TCA cycle in a eukaryotic cell are located in the

nucleus
*mitochondria
plasma membrane
lysosomal bodies

253.Citric acid cycle occurs in

cytoplasm
*mitochondria
endoplasmic reticulum
golgi bodies

254.The end product of glycolysis is pyruvate, which enters the citric acid cycle
after being converted to
acetic acid
*acetyl-CoA
acetaldehyde
none of these

255.Which of the following enzyme does not take part in the TCA cycle?
Citrate synthase
Iso-citrate dehydrogenase
*Pyruvate dehydrogenase
Malate dehydrogenase

256.The first intermediate in TCA cycle is

succinate
fumerate

*citrate
malate

257.Which one of the following is not the intermediate of Kreb's cycle?

Isocitrate
Succinate
Fumarate
*Stearate

258.How many ATPs are produced during citric acid cycle?

10
13
*12
8

259.When one FADH2 produced by the oxidation in TCA cycle results in the
synthesis of how many ATPs in Electron transport chain?
*1 ATPs
4 ATPs
11 ATPs
15 ATPs

260.When one NADH produced by the oxidation in TCA cycle results in the synthesis
of how many ATPs in Electron transport chain?
*2 ATPs
6 ATPs
10 ATPs

4 ATPs

261.In eukaryotes, electron transport occurs in

*membranes and mitochondria
endoplasmic reticulum
cytoplasm
all of the above

262.The main site for gluconeogenesis is

kidney
*liver
brain
muscle

263.Glucagon and epinephrine

inhibits gluconeogenesis and stimulates glycolysis
stimulates gluconeogenesis and glycolysis
*stimulates gluconeogenesis and inhibits glycolysis
inhibits gluconeogenesis and glycolysis

264. Gluconeogenesis is the

formation of glycogen
breakdown of glucose to pyruvate
breakdown of glycogen to glucose
*synthesis of glucose from non-carbohydrate precursors

265.Hydrolysis of lactose yields

galactose and fructose
*galactose and glucose
glucose and fructose
fructose and galactose

266.The conversion of pyruvate to lactate is catalysed by

pyruvate carboxylase
*lactate dehydrogenase
pyruvate dismutase
pyruvate decarboxylase

267.The glycosidic bond

in maltose is not hydrolyzed in lactose intolerant humans
in sucrose is hydrolyzed by bees
joins glucose and fructose to form sucrose
*both (b) and (c)

268.The sugar which forms major component of nucleic acids is

*ribose
galactose
mannose
maltose

269.Under aerobic condition pyruvate is converted by pyruvate dehydrogenase to

phosphoenol pyruvate

*acetyl CoA
lactate
glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate

270.Metabolic reactions that break down complex molecules into smaller

compounds, thereby releasing usable energy for the cell, are best described as
biosynthetic
*catabolic
catalytic
photosynthetic

271.Glycolysis reactions take place in

*cytoplasm
cell membrane
cell wall
plasmids

272.Glycogen degradation requires the enzyme namely

glycogen phosphorylase and phosphoglucomutase
*glycogen phosphorylase and glycogen-debranching enzyme
glycogen synthase and phosphorylase
none of the above

273.Which of the following ion is required for the development of sound teeth with
resistance to tooth decay?
*Fluoride ion
Sodium ion

Chloride ion
Magnesium ion

274.Which of the following is required as a component of blood hemoglobin?

*Iron
Magnesium
Calcium
Copper

275.The mineral which is considered important in maintaining electrical potential in

nerves and membranes is
*magnesium
manganese
calcium
iron

276.Chronic consumption of excess selenium can lead to

brittle hair and nails.
*muscle weakness,
TPN
diarrhea.

277.Which of the following statement is correct?

Sodium and chloride are the chief extracellular ions of the body
Sodium and chloride are primarily involved in maintaining osmotic equilibrium and
body fluid volume.
Chloride ion is necessary for the production of hydrochloric acid of gastric juice.

*All of these

278.Which of the following vitamin is essential for the absorption of calcium from
the intestinal tract?
*Vitamin D
Vitamin E
Vitamin B12
Vitamin B6

279. The following are hexoses,EXCEPT:

Glucose
Mannose
*Arabinose
Galactose

280.Beta 1,4glycosidic linkage are present in:

*Glycogen
Starch
Cellulose
Inulin

281.Hyaluronic acid consists of:

*N-acetylglucosamine and glucuronic acid
N-acetylglucosamine-6-sulphate and glucuronic acid
Glucosamine-N-sulphate and sulphate ester of glucuronic acid
N-acetylglucosamine, galactose and sulphuric acid

282.Prostaglandins are synthesised from:

*Arachidonic acid
Caproic acid
Palmitic acid
Steric acid

283.Cholesterol is:
simple lipid
*derived lipids
glycolipid
phospholipid

284. The following substance act as emulsifying agent:

Bile pigment
Bile Acid
*Bile salts
Glycerol

285.The monomeric unit of protein molecule is:

polypeptide
tripeptide
*aminoacid
dipeptide

286.Following is the sulphur containing aminoacid EXCEPT:

cysteine

methionine
*arginine
cystine

287.In a dipeptide the number of amino acid joined are:

One
*Two
Three
Four

288.The following are transport protein EXCEPT:

Albumin
Globulin
Hemoglobin
*Myosin

289.Primary structure of protein is refers to all EXCEPT:

Nature of amino acids
Number of each particular amino acid
Sequence of amino acid in protein molecule
*shape of polypeptide chain

290. The digestive enzymes belong to

Lyases
*Hydrolases
Oxidoreductases

Ligases

291.The site at which ES complex normally forms is:

Allosteric site
Inhibitor site
*Active site
None of the above

292.Optimum temperature of most of the human enzymes are:

*37 to 45 C
50 to 100 C
below 37 C
above 45 C

293.The co Enzyme form of pantothenic acid is

TPP
*CoEnzyme-A
Pyridoxal Phosphate
Biotin

294.One of the following serum enzyme is significantly elevated in myocardial

infraction:
Amylase
Alkaline phosphatase
*Creatine Kinase
Acid Phosphatase

295.The enzymes require metal ions for their activity are called as:
Coenzyme
*Cofactor
Apoenzyme
Isoenzyme

296.The following are the antioxidant vitamins Except:

Vit A
*Vit D
Vit E
Vit C

297.Vitamin which plays important role in blood coagulation is:

Vitamin E
*Vitamin K
Vitamin D
Vitamin B12

298.Deficiency of ascorbic acid leads to:

Beriberi
Pernicious anemia
Pellegra
*Scurvy

299.The biological active form of Vitamin D is:

7-dihydrocholesterol

25-OH Cholecalciferol
*1,25 dihydroxy cholecalciferol
24,25 dihydroxy cholecalciferol

300.Daily requirement of biotin is:

2.5-5 mg
*25-50 mg
30-100 mg
60-80 mg