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Preface
Here are the solutions to the practice problems for my Calculus II notes. Some solutions will have more
or less detail than other solutions. As the difficulty level of the problems increases less detail will go into
the basics of the solution under the assumption that if youve reached the level of working the harder
problems then you will probably already understand the basics fairly well and wont need all the
explanation.
This document was written with presentation on the web in mind. On the web most solutions are broken
down into steps and many of the steps have hints. Each hint on the web is given as a popup however in
this document they are listed prior to each step. Also, on the web each step can be viewed individually by
clicking on links while in this document they are all showing. Also, there are liable to be some formatting
parts in this document intended for help in generating the web pages that havent been removed here.
These issues may make the solutions a little difficult to follow at times, but they should still be readable.
Probability
1. Let,
3
x 2 ( 20 x ) if 2 x 18
f ( x ) = 37760
0
otherwise
(a) Show that f ( x ) is a probability density function.
(b) Find P ( X 7 ) .
(c) Find P ( X 7 ) .
(d) Find P ( 3 X 14 ) .
(e) Determine the mean value of X.
f ( x ) dx = 1 .
http://tutorial.math.lamar.edu/terms.aspx
Calculus II
=
f ( x ) dx
x 2 ( 20 x ) dx
18
3
2 37760
3
37760
18
20 x 2 x3 =
dx
3
37760
20
3
x3 14 x 4 =
) 1
18
2
P ( X 7 )= P ( 2 X 7 )=
x 2 ( 20 x ) dx=
3
2 37760
3
37760
20
3
x3 14 x 4 ) = 0.130065
7
Note that we made use of the fact that weve already done the indefinite integral itself in the first part. All
we needed to do was change limits from that part to match the limits for this part.
(c) Find P ( X 7 ) .
First note that because of our limits on x for which the function is not zero this is equivalent to
P ( 7 X 18 ) . Here is the work for this problem.
P ( X 7 )= P ( 7 X 18 )=
18
3
37760
x 2 ( 20 x ) dx=
3
37760
20
3
x 3 14 x 4 ) = 0.869935
18
7
Note that we made use of the fact that weve already done the indefinite integral itself in the first part. All
we needed to do was change limits from that part to match the limits for this part.
(d) Find P ( X 7 ) .
Not much to do here other than compute the integral.
P (3 X =
14 )
14
3
37760
x 2 ( 20 =
x ) dx
3
37760
20
3
x 3 14 =
x4 )
0.677668
14
3
Note that we made use of the fact that weve already done the indefinite integral itself in the first part. All
we needed to do was change limits from that part to match the limits for this part.
(e) Determine the mean value of X.
For this part all we need to do is compute the following integral.
x f ( x ) dx
=
3
37760
18
18
3
x 37760
x 2 ( 20 x ) dx
=
20 x 3 x 4 dx
3
37760
(5x
15 x 5 ) = 11.6705
18
2
http://tutorial.math.lamar.edu/terms.aspx
Calculus II
2. For a brand of light bulb the probability density function of the life span of the light bulb is given by
the function below, where t is in months.
t
25
0.04
e
f (t ) =
0
if t 0
if t < 0
What is the probability that a light bulb will have a life span less than 8 months?
What is the probability that a light bulb will have a life span more than 20 months?
What is the probability that a light bulb will have a life span between 14 and 30 months?
Determine the mean value of the life span of the light bulbs.
=
f ( x ) dx
f ( x ) dx = 1 .
n 0
t
25
dt
t
n
= lim e 25 = lim e 25 + 1=
0 +=
1 1
n
n
P ( X 8) =
P ( 0 X 8) =
0.04e
8
t
25
dt =
e
t 8
25
=
0.273851
(c) What is the probability that a light bulb will have a life span more than 20 months?
What this problem is really asking us to compute is P ( X 20 ) . Here is the work for this problem.
2007 Paul Dawkins
http://tutorial.math.lamar.edu/terms.aspx
Calculus II
P (=
X 20 )
20
e 25 dt lim 0.04e
=
0.04
t
25
n 20
dt
20
t
n
20 n
For this integral do not forget to properly deal with the infinite limit! If you dont recall how to deal with
these kinds of integrals go back to the Improper Integral section and do a quick review!
(d) What is the probability that a light bulb will have a life span between 14 and 30 months?
What this problem is really asking us to compute is P (14 X 30 ) . Here is the work for this problem.
P (14 X 30 ) =
0.04e
30
t
25
14
e
dt =
t 30
25
=
0.270015
14
(e) Determine the mean value of the life span of the light bulbs.
For this part all we need to do is compute the following integral.
t f ( t ) dt
=
=
te 25 dt lim 0.04te
0.04
t
25
n 0
dt
t
n
n
0 n
n
n
25
= lim n 25e + 25 = lim
n
n
e 25
1
n 25 ( 0 ) + 25=
1
25
25 e
25
The mean value of the life span of the light bulbs is then 25 months.
We had to use integration by parts to do the integral. Here is that work if you need to see it.
0.04te
0.04te
t
25
t
25
u = 0.04t
dt
dt =
t e 25 + e
t
25
du = 0.04dt
t
dt =
t e 25 25e
dv = e
t
25
dt
v = 25e
t
25
t
25
Also, for the limit of the first term we used LHospitals Rule to do the limit.
3. Determine the value of c for which the function below will be a probability density function.
2007 Paul Dawkins
http://tutorial.math.lamar.edu/terms.aspx
Calculus II
c ( 8 x3 x 4 ) if 0 x 8
f ( x) =
otherwise
0
Solution
This problem is actually easier than it might look like at first glance.
First, in order for the function to be a probability density function we know that the function must be
positive or zero for all x. We can see that for 0 x 8 we have 8 x 3 x 4 0 . Therefore, we need to
require that whatever c is it must be a positive number.
To find c well use the fact that we must also have
f ( x ) dx = c ( 8 x 3 x 4 ) dx = c ( 2 x 4 15 x 5 ) = 8192
5 c
8
So, we can see that in order for this integral to have a value of 1 (as it must in order for the function to be
a probability density function) we must have,
c=
5
8192
and note that this is also a positive number as we determined earlier was required.
http://tutorial.math.lamar.edu/terms.aspx