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CHAPTER 23 AND REVIEW EXAM
*1) Which of the following was true of contraception in nineteenth-century Europe?
a)
b)
c)
d)

It appeared first among working-class families

It initially had the support of the Roman Catholic Church
It reduced the size of rural families much more than that of urban families
It was practiced by middle-class parents seeking a higher standard
of living for their families
e) It became popular as a result of the development of the birth control pill
2) Sixteenth and seventeenth-century European political leaders generally viewed
religious toleration as
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)

Leading to dangerous civil disorder

Resulting in economic prosperity
Restricted to Christians and Jews
Commanded by God in the Bible
Promoted by Protestant denominations

3) Up! Up! My friend and quit your books;

Let nature be your teacher.
One impulse from a vernal wood
May teach you more of man,
Of moral evil and good
Than all the sages can.
Enough of Science and enough of Art;
Come forth, and bring with you a heart.
The poem above reflects which of the following?
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)

Pragmatism
impressionism
Romanticism
Deism
Realism

*4) Which of the following would Herbert Spencer and Von Haeckel agree on?
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)

Man is constantly in a battle within himself for emotional supremacy

The strongest race will overcome the weaker race
The strongest race will be in a constant battle with the weaker races
Racial theories are the primary engine of political ideology
Race is of no importance in determining strength

5)Since my accession to the throne, I have ever been anxious to conquer

prejudices and to gain the confidence of my people. I granted toleration, and

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removed the yoke which had oppressed Protestants for centuries. Tolerance is a
convincing proof of the improvement of the human mind.
The author of the quotation above was most likely a
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)

German ruler who had declared for Lutheranism

Monarch devoted to the concept of absolutism
Ruler influenced by Enlightenment precepts
Sixteenth-century Russian tsar
Catholic ruler in the time of the Catholic Reformation

6) Urban life in the major European cities during the Industrial Revolution was
characterized by
a) Rapid social mobility among recent migrants from the countryside
b) Overcrowded living conditions and unsafe working conditions for the
working poor
c) The adoption of laissez-faire attitudes by industrial workers
d) Government control of major industrial companies
e) An increase in the nobilitys power over the urban population
7) European liberals in the first half of the nineteenth century typically supported
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)

Womens suffrage
Accident and unemployment insurance
The right of workers to unionize and strike
A written constitution and wider suffrage
The establishment of overseas colonies to improve conditions at home

8) Which of the following statements best describes Charles Darwins theory of

evolution?
a) Changes in species result from periodic catastrophic geological events that
alter the environment.
b) All creatures living today descended from a single common ancestor
in an inevitable process
c) The emergence of new species, as seen in the fossil record, is attributable
solely to genetic mutations
d) Species tend to reproduce geometrically but their subsistence grows
arithmetically
e) New species emerge after gradually accumulating new modifications
9) Two of the leaders in the nineteenth-century development of the germ theory of
disease were
a)
b)
c)
d)

Marie Curie and Max Planck

Gregor Mendel and Auguste Comte
John Dalton and Michael Faraday
Louis Pasteur and Robert Koch

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e) Jonas Salk and Francis Crick
10) The myriad diseases that affected Europe in the nineteenth-century included
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)

Smallpox and cholera

Tuberculosis and measles
Cholera and plague
Polio and measles
Cholera and diphtheria

11) Urban growth across Europe in the nineteenth-century most accurately followed
which pattern below?
a) Cities grew up around rivers only and were thus dependent upon
hydroelectric power
b) Rural areas saw an increase in population that was exponential to the growth
of urban areas
c) The population of European cities continued to grow as the century
progressed
d) The population of cities on continental Europe was surpassed tenfold by
English growth
e) Cities were growing at higher rates than rural areas thanks to improved parks
and education
12) As the nineteenth-century progressed; former centers of population in the
eighteenth-century
a) lost population to burgeoning urban areas across Europe
b) continued to grow thanks to the advances of the Second Industrial
Revolution
c) lost their crucial role as harbingers of trade and mercantile pursuits
d) maintained their economic prominence, but lost their political legitimacy
e) lost population due to the spreading of disease
13) If utilitarianism could be differentiated from liberalism of the 1840s, it would
most likely be
a) The desire to radically redraw the map of Europe.
b) The need for emotion as fuel for the movement.
c) The overarching desire of all utilitarians to find a sensible approach to all
citizens problems.
d) The need to solve societys problems for the benefit of the majority
of the population.
e) The interconnection of the belief with that of conservatism.
14) Utilitarians could also be described as
a) Consensus seekers
b) Conservative bureaucrats

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c) Philosophical utopians
d) Centralized pragmatists
e) Socialist liberals

15) If the goal of utilitarianism was to do the greatest good for the greatest
number, what result below would they agree with?
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)

The elimination of taxes upon property

The abolition of the House of Lords
The enfranchisement of all men, not women
The abolition of state controlled sports
The ability of all people to use public baths

16) Which statement below can accurately be attributed to John Stuart Mill (18061873)?
a) States have every justification to act on behalf of the people if they feel it will
advance the goals of the state
b) The only power a state can have over an individual is the ability to
prevent a citizen from doing harm to others.
c) States are setup on the basis of a shared responsibility and sacrifice that can
only be preserved when people surrender their natural rights
d) Individuals grant the state the right to rescind their sovereign rights in times
of great national distress.
e) States are the primary sources of power within society and their laws are
unalterable, no matter what the law may be.
*17) Much like socialist thinkers before him, Mill believed
a) The individual was in control of their every action on a day-to-day basis.
b) The individual was in danger of repression by the powers in society
and government.
c) The individual faced an economic oppression, but were politically
equal to all.
d) The individual was sovereign in their political decisions, but economically
corrupt.
e) The individual was in a constant struggle against inherent weakness within
man.
18) The ideas of nineteenth-century European feminists varied, but almost
universally centered around..
a) Ending female suffrage.

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b)
c)
d)
e)

Enfranchising the vast majority of women.

Disenfranchising women.
Promoting female suffrage in the upper-classes only.
A continuation of the separate spheres ideology.

19) Of the options below, which was not a liberty put forth by John Stuart Mill?
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)

The liberty to express ones opinion

The liberty to pursue immoral tastes
The liberty to assemble
The liberty to redress governments for your grievances
The liberty to physically punish others

20) One of the most obvious differences between realistic and romantic writers was
the fact that?
a) Realists glorified common people and actions by making them seem
extraordinary.
b) Romantics were uninterested in nature because it was an obvious part of
reality.
c) Realists rejected poetry as a proper way of expressing the real world
and preferred the novel instead.
d) Romantics were interested in the inner mind, whereas realists rejected
psychological themes.
e) Romantics were less interested in emotions and Realists concentrated on
them solely
21) The New Science of the mid-1800s was followed by which of the isms below?
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)

Nationalism
Liberalism
Socialism
Imperialism
Communism

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22)

Aristocrac
y
Bourgeoisie
White Collar
Middle Class
Labor Aristocracy
Semi-skilled
Unskilled

The Social Pyramid above most closely represents which nation of the mid 1800s?
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)

France
Russia
Prussia
England
Spain

23) Which of the following was the greatest single contribution to medicine in
Europe up to the 1870s?
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)

Development of medical and health boards

State run insurance conglomerates
Research on contagion and infectious disease
Extension of foundling hospitals
Elimination of smallpox and diphtheria

24) A political state that favored progressive change would be called

a)
b)
c)
d)
e)

Anarchist
Libertarian
Conservative
Radical
Liberal

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25) What nineteenth-century ideologies are highlighted in the painting above?

a)
b)
c)
d)
e)

Idealism and Conservatism

Realism and Romanticism
Liberalism and Nationalism
Marxism and Socialism
Corporatism and Liberalism

26) The Industrial Revolution gave a boost to which industry in nineteenth-century

Europe?
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)

Fishing and transportation

Metalworking and construction
Silk weaving and stone cutting
Weaving and grain milling
Food processing and banking

27) Which of the following is a basic difference between the First and Second
Industrial Revolutions?
a) The effects and scale of the second phase of industrialization were
larger.
b) A deep depression ended the First Industrial Revolution.
c) The working classes did not benefit from the Second Industrial Revolution.
d) The first phase of industrialization was shorter.
e) The Second Industrial Revolution affected central Europe more.

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28) The most beneficial outcome of industrialization in Europe was

a)
b)
c)
d)
e)

The creation of new economic ideologies.

Better methods of communication.
A new era of peace.
Stable governments across Europe.
Increasing the material standard of living for many.

29) English utilitarianism was associated with the phrase

a)
b)
c)
d)
e)

All power to the people

From each according to his labor, to each according to his need.
Universal reason
The greatest good for the greatest number
Collectivist nationalism

30) Social Darwinism was mainly the brainchild of

a)
b)
c)
d)
e)

Charles Darwin
Auguste Comte
Charles Lyell
Herbert Spencer
Jean Baptiste Lamarck

31) The establishment of the medieval university was crucial in allowing

a)
b)
c)
d)
e)

nobles to send their sons away for an education

an open discourse between the laity and the church hierarchy
the children of the middle classes to become court officials
priests to be trained for the work of the church
a sense of open and free inquiry in the early modern era

*32) Which of the following is the most accurate characterization of the relationship
between religion and science in the seventeenth century?
a) Spinozas monism created a widely accepted synthesis of the two.
b) Most scientists expressed skepticism and hoped to reduce religions
influence.
c) The Catholic Church effectively silenced unorthodox scientific ideas.
d) Though secularism grew, many thinkers attempted to reconcile the
two.
e) Religion and science inhabited
33) Men being by nature all free, equal, and independent, no one can be put out of
this estate and subjected to the political power of another without his own

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consent, which is done by agreeing with other men, to join and unite into a
community for their comfortable, safe, and peaceable living in a secure
enjoyment of their properties.
The quotation above is from a work by
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)

John Locke
Francis Bacon
Edmund Burke
Voltaire
Adam Smith

34) The enclosure movement in eighteenth-century England did which of the

following?
a)
b)
c)
d)

Provided cheap housing for the rural poor.

Secured the nations coastal defenses.
Initiated a program of church-building throughout the country.
Encouraged the development of market-oriented agricultural
production.
e) Barred Roman Catholic heirs from the throne.
35) The spread of disease through the air due to rotting vegetables and other waste
was this theory
a) Germ Theory
b) Proletarianization Theory
c) McDonalds Theory
d) Miasmatic Theory
e) Recapitulation Theory
36) This Act served as the starting point for the Victorian Era.
a) The Mines Act
b) The Great Reform Act
c) The Reform Bill of 1867
d) The Combination Act
e) The Catholic Emancipation Act
37) The most likely main objective that both Beeton and Droz would have had in
common was:
a) Better order the economic aspects of the home
b) Control the adverse desires of the time period into more productive pursuits
c) Keep children well-educated
d) Bring a more loving domestic tranquility
e) Allow for the state to better produce heirs
38) The Concert of Europe is most often cited as the brainchild of which of the
following leaders of the nineteenth century?

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a)
b)
c)
d)
e)

Napoleon I
Alexander I
Leopold II
Metternich
Pitt

39) Napoleon helped make the French Revolution an international movement in the
areas he conquered
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)

By imposing a universal currency based on the French franc

By the brutal suppression of guerrilla resistance
By abolishing feudalism and manorialism
By encouraging French as the universal language
By placing his relatives on the thrones

*40) The Public Health Act of 1891 allowed English authorities the power to
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)

Conduct irregular inspections of factories.

Inoculate large swaths of the population.
Incarcerate the vast majority of Englishmen.
Inspect dwellings for nuisances and deal with issues accordingly.
Inspect homes and detect issues relating to psycho-somatic dangers.

II. FRQ Describe how the new urban life, present in England and Prussia especially,
influenced the new science of the time. Be specific about the effects and the
science/scientists/philosophers. (20 points)