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The Malvern Particle Size Analyzer uses laser diffraction to measure the size of particles ranging from 50 nm to 1000 μm. It works by passing particle suspensions through a laser beam, where the angle of light scattering is directly related to particle size. Larger particles scatter light at low angles while smaller particles scatter at higher angles. Only a few mL of suspension are needed and measurements take only a few minutes to complete. The limitations are for particles below 1 μm, non-spherical particles, and those with a low refractive index relative to the medium.
The Malvern Particle Size Analyzer uses laser diffraction to measure the size of particles ranging from 50 nm to 1000 μm. It works by passing particle suspensions through a laser beam, where the angle of light scattering is directly related to particle size. Larger particles scatter light at low angles while smaller particles scatter at higher angles. Only a few mL of suspension are needed and measurements take only a few minutes to complete. The limitations are for particles below 1 μm, non-spherical particles, and those with a low refractive index relative to the medium.
The Malvern Particle Size Analyzer uses laser diffraction to measure the size of particles ranging from 50 nm to 1000 μm. It works by passing particle suspensions through a laser beam, where the angle of light scattering is directly related to particle size. Larger particles scatter light at low angles while smaller particles scatter at higher angles. Only a few mL of suspension are needed and measurements take only a few minutes to complete. The limitations are for particles below 1 μm, non-spherical particles, and those with a low refractive index relative to the medium.
technique of laser diffraction is based on the principle that particles passing through a laser beam will scatter light at an angle that is directly related to their size: large particles scatter at low angles, whereas small particles scatter at high angles. The laser diffraction is accurately described by the Fraunhofer Approximation and the Mie theory, with the assumption of spherical particle morphology. The measurable size ranges from 50 [nm] to 1000 [m]. Concentrated suspensions, on the order of 1.0 [wt%], are prepared, using suitable wetting and/or dispersing agents. A small ultrasonic treatment is sometimes useful in breaking up loosely-held agglomerates. A few [mL] of suspension are required to carry out the measurements. This method is very attractive because only a few minutes are required for the sample analysis. Suspensions are mostly prepared with water, but other solvents can also be used (ethanol, isopropanol, or octane). It is possible to carry out the measurement on dry powders by adapting a specific equipment. The limitations of this method appear for small sizes (< 1 [m], Mie theory), for non-spherical particles, and for materials with a low refractive index with respect to the dispersive medium. Particle Size Analysis is an analytical technique by which the distribution of sizes in a sample of particulate material is measured. Particle size analyzers range from the historical sieve to modern automated light scattering instruments. The most appropriate selection for a particular application depends on a number of factors including the size range of interest, nature of the sample, the information required from the analysis, sample throughput, and price. Modern light scattering instruments are becoming the particle analysis method of choice in most industries due to their analysis speed (approximately 30 seconds), wide size range, ease of use, flexibility, and reproducibility.
Schematics of the laser diffraction
measurement
Laser Particle Size Analysis consists in
measuring the size of particles (powders, suspensions and emulsions) using the diffraction and diffusion of a laser beam. During the laser diffraction measurement, particles are passed through a focused laser beam. These particles scatter light at an angle that is inversely proportional to their size. The angular intensity of the scattered light is then measured by a series of photosensitive detectors. The map of scattering intensity versus angle is the primary source of information used to calculate the particle size. The Mie scattering model accurately predicts the scattering of particles.
Malvern Particle Size Analyzer
The stability, chemical reactivity, opacity,
flowability and material strength of many materials are affected by the size and characteristics of the particles within them. Getting things right at every stage of production, from R & D through to manufacture (e.g. food and pharmaceuticals) and quality control of the finished product is vital.
Size Dependence of the Observed Scattering Signals