Sheet 1 :Solutions

Material Technology
1- Discuss briefly the various mechanical properties?
- Strength - the greatest stress that the material can withstand prior to failure.
- Ductility - a material property that allows it to undergo considerable plastic
deformation under a load before failure.
- Elasticity - a material property that allows it to retain its original dimensions after
removal of a deforming load.
- Stiffness - a material property that allows a material to withstand high stress without
great strain
- Hardness is the resistance of material to permanent deformation of the surface.
- Impact strength is the resistance of a material to fracture under dynamic load.

2- Classify tests of materials with examples of each type?

- destructive tests are carried out to the specimens failure

Tensile test measures strength and ductility of a material

Impact test measures the energy absorbed by a material when it is fractured
Hardness test measures material resistance to indentation
Creep test measures slow plastic deformation of a material under constant stress

- Non-destructive testing carried out to the specimens without causing damage

Laser testing
X-ray testing

3- All materials should be tested before use Why?

Materials testing is carried out to understand the fundamental properties of a
material when subjected to service and environmental loading and operating
conditions. Testing helps us to understand and quantify whether a specific
material is suitable to a particular application.

4- Draw tensile testing machine?

5- Draw stress-strain
the values obtained

curve? and what are

from the curve?

Modulus: This
Young's
is the slope of
the linear
portion of the stress-strain curve, it is usually specific to each material; a
constant, known value.
Yield Strength: This is the value of stress at the yield point, calculated by
plotting young's modulus at a specified percent of offset (usually offset =
0.2%).
Ultimate Tensile Strength: This is the highest value of stress on the stressstrain curve.
Percent Elongation: This is the change in gauge length divided by the
original gauge length.

6- Explain by drawing various types of specimens used in tensile test?

(a)

Rectangular

(b) round

7- Explain by drawing the plastic deformation of metals during tensile

test?

8- Discuss the following items:

- Necking
is a mode of tensile deformation where relatively large amounts of
strain localize disproportionately in a small region of the material
- Fracture point
At this point breaking will occur and the specimen will be
separated because the specimen cannot withstand any additional
stress
- Elastic range
The material will return to its original shape When the stress is removed
slope =Youngs (elastic) modulus

- Plastic range
The material does not return to its original shape When the stress is
removed

- Youngs modulus
This is the slope of the linear portion of the stress-strain curve, it is
usually specific to each material; a constant, known value
- Permanent deformation
After removal of the stress, the large number of atoms that have
relocated, do not return to original position. plastic deformation
corresponds to the breaking of bonds with original atom neighbors
and then reforming bonds with new neighbors.

9- Compare by drawing between Izod test and Charpy test?

a) Charpy Test

b) Izod Test
0

22

22

Root radius 0.25

5

Striker

10
70

28

22

Vice

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