t

repartition des points

grandes Commis.fions so
du representant de l' Un
du point 4!1 est remise

lA/65!1) as to the allocation a8enda items to tIle

Jfain Committees were approve , subject to the request
0/ the representative of the Union of South Ajrz'ca that
Item i:i!1 be deferred.

La seance es

The meeting rose at 6.30 p. m.

HUN DRE D AND FORTY-T.HIRD

PLENARY MEE TING

CENT-QUAR
SEANCE

Held at the Palais de Chaillot, Paris,

on Saturday, 25 September 1948, at 10. 90 a. m.
President: Mr. H. V. EVATT (Australia).

Tenue au Pala
le samedi 25 septe
President: M. H

21. Repr esen tatio n of the Gene ral Assemb ly at the fune ral of Coun t
Bern adot te

21. Repr esen tat

nera le aux o
nado tte

The PRESIDENT statr:d that he felt sure it was

with the unanimous approval of the General
Assembly that he had arranged for the Secretary-General to represent the General Assembly
at the funeral of Count Bernadotte at Stockholm
on the following day. The Secretary-General was
leaving Paris that day for that purpose.

Le PRESIDENT est c
hation unanime de
charge le Secretaire
aux ohseques du co
lieu demain a Stock
quitte Paris aUjour

22. Cont inua tion of the gene ral deba te 22. Suite de
M-' PANDIT (Inde
Mrs. PANDIT (India) declared that it was a
que toute la delega
matter of satisfaction to her delegation that the
actuelIe de l'Assem
present session of the General Assembly was being
held in Paris. India had received much inspira- Paris. L'Inde a s
France. Dans sa lu
tion from France. India's struggle for freedom,
its thought and ideals had been inRuenced by pensee, dans ses ide
de la France. Le p
France. The Indian people had loved France and
la France et ce qu'
what it had stood for; they had been fieved
pendant la periode
during the unhappy period when France s freela liberte en France
dom bad suffered a temporary eclipse; and they
et se rejouit que
rejoiced that France had again taken its rightful
monde la place a
place in the world.
Les trois annees
The three years that had passed since the creation de I'Organisa
tion of the United Nations had not been easy
pas ete faciles. La
ones. The peace which had emerged from the
leurs d'une longue
travail of a lengthy war was an uneasy peace
taine et la crainte
and apprehensions of another war already threatdeja l'hwnanite. P
ened mankind. During that period the United
nisation des Nati
Natio~s had been faced with many grave problems,
maints graves prob
and It would be a dangerous self-delusion to
dangereuse que de
say that they had heen tackled successfully. But
des avec succes. M
the lack of suecess had not been due to any lack
dfi a un manque d
of courage or entreprise on the part of the Uniprise de la part d
ted Nations. The mistakes made were mainly due

._-- --- --

._--'

-~---

-- .........-.IiI.

"

I
.

it
11

than human and moral considerations, which

tendency was leading to the undermining of the
Charter. That attitude was also responsihle
for accentuating disharmony between the hig
Powers. The General Assembly was meeting at
a time woen differences hetween the hig Powers
were most acute.
Serious disagreement had developed over the
peace treaty for Germany, the deadlock in Berlin, the control and use of atomic energy, disarmament, and the creation of a world force, to
mention but a few examples. Every field of
international endeavour was threatened hy the
ever-widening gulf hetween the major Powers.
So long as the shadow of conflict hung over the
councils of the world there copld he no progress
and no sense of security. The disappearance
of that harmony among the Big Five which,
while it had lasted, had heen the greatest
fiingle factor in winning the most deadly war
in human history, now endangered the peace of
the world. The responsihility of the Big Five
was far heavier than it had ever heen, and
greater than ever hefore was the need for
tolerance, moderation and a spirit of accommodation in all their deliherations.

India had tried to judge all questions hefore

the General Assembly as ohjectively as possihle.
For India the spirit of the Charter meant much
'~ml'e than its letter. India had, in the past,
avoided alignment with anyone bloc - an
attitude which had often heen misunderstood.
Indians were, however, convinced that that
stand was correct even if it entailed some temporary disadvantage. It was not hased on any
weakness, hut the result of the conviction that
hy avoiding to he grouped with any hloc of
Powers, in however small a fashion, India was
helping in the maintenance of peace. It was
India's view that, if the world ~hould he divided
into two distinct and opposing groups, a future
conflict would hecome inevitahle, and within
the General Assembly itself the forl'\ation of
Power blocs would interfere with that undivided
allegiance which Member States owed to the
OrganizAtion. India saw danger in the lesser
loyalties which hound those groups together
prevailing over the larger loyalty which all Members owed, through the United Nations Charter,
to the peoples of the world.

lS

rs

Many momentous questions were to be discussed in the present year. In the view of,the

_S

considerations juridiques etaient p

tantes que les considerations humain
rales, ce qui tend a saper les princ
Charte. Cette attitude a aussi contrih
meuter le desaccord entre les grandes
L'Assemhlee generale se reunit au l
culmine ce desaccord.
De graves conflits d'opinion ont surg
du traite de pail: avec I'Allemagne, d
de Berlin, du contr6J.e et de l'emploi d
atomique, du desarmement et de
d'une force de police internationale
citer que quelques exemples. Tout
matiere internationale, dans tous les
risqt1.e d'Mre englouti par I'ahtme qu
toujours plus profond entre les gra
sances. Tant que rombre d'un conf
sur les reunions internationales, if
avoir ni progres, ni securite. L'harm
les cinq Grands, tant qu'elle durait, f
cipal atout qui permit de gagner la pl
guerre de I'histoire; la disparition de
monie met aujourd'hui en danger l
monde. La responsahilite des cinq G
heaucoup plus lourde qu'elle n'a jam
plus que jamais, la tolerance, la mod
l' eserit d'entente sont necessairGs a to
deliberations.
L'Inde s'est efforcee d'examiner aus
vement que possihle toutes les ques
mises a l'Assemhlee generale. Pour
qui importe dans la Charte c'est I'esp
coup plus que la lettre. L'Inde a evi
passe de se ranger aux et-tes d'un q
hloc, attitude sur laquelle on s'est so
prise Les Hindous sont pour18nt conva
c'est la une position correcte, m~me s
entratner passagerement quelques inco
Ce n'est pas faiblesse de la part de I'I
le resultat de la conviction qui est
que, en evitant de se joindre a un blo
sances, elle contribue, si peu que c
maintien de la paix. L'Inde estime
monde doit se diviser en deux gro
tincts et opposes, if en resultera inevi
des conflits et que, it I'interieur de l'A
generale elle-m~me, la formation de
Puissances nuirait a cette loyaute to18
E18ts Membres doivent a l'Organisatio
considere comme dangereux ces loyalism
daires qui lient entre eux les membr
hlocs et qui prevalent sur le loyalisme
que tous les Membres doivent, de par
des Nations Unies, it tous les peuples d
De I'avis de la delegation de I'Int L
de questions capi18les doivent ~tre

Atomic Energy Commission had proved fruitless,

and that the Commission, faced with a deadlock,
had suspended its activities. As an under-developed country, India was interested in the use
of atomic energy for peaceful and beneficent purposes. It trusted that a fresh approach would
be brought to the question of the utilization of
atomic energy for such purposes and for the
elimination of the weapons of war, and earnestly
hoped that the present deliberations would pave
the way for the reconciliation of opposing points
of view.

d'efforts de la Commission
aient ete infructueux et que
vee devant une impasse, a
vaux. En tant que pays
loppe, l'lnde s'interesse a
atomique a des fins pacifiq
Elle compte que de nouvea
pour aborder la question
l'energie atomique a de t
elimination en tant qu'ar
espere vivement que les pr
prepareront la yoie a u
points de vue actuellement
La question du desarme
progres. 11 est evident que
ne peut disparattre du m
l'actuelle course aux arme
souligne le Secretaire ge
importante que I'eliminati
ques est la mise hors la lo
gique et chimique qui, pa
un tel degre de perfectionn
l'existence m~me de l'hu
generale doit se pencher s
la plus grande attention.
L'Assemhlee, au cours d
appeIee a examiner les p
propos des colonies et des t
aux termes des chapitres X
On connatt a ce sujet l'opi
de 1'Inde, deja nettement e
deux dernieres sessions. Ell
sitions de la Charte en cett
les plus essentielles. L'lnd
tente dans certains milieux
a peu et s'inquiete de voir
de reaction, au sujet desqu
des Philippines s'est exprim
si eloquente (139- seance)
La delegation de I'lnde,
tous les peurles a la lihert
teme colonia prendre fin a
peuples hahitllnt deb terr
des Territoires sous tutelle
le droit de se gouverner e
a ce que soient ohserves s
tres XI et XII, dans I'esprit
particulier, elle conjure les
de comprendre que les
d'hommes habitant les terri
trouvent heaucoup plus de
dispositions de la Charte
toires que ne sont enclines a
coloniales. Ces peuples lis
solennelles sur les lihertes

No progress had been made with the question

of di8armament. It was obvious that the threat
of war could not be banished from the world
unless the present race for armaments was aban,
doned. As had been emphasized by the Secretary-General, almost as important as the elimination of atomic weapons was the outlawing of
biological and chemical warfare, which was said
to have been perfected to such an extent as to
threaten the very existence of mankind. The
General Assembly must devote serious attention
to those matters.
The present session would be called upon
1.0 consider colonial and trusteeship problems
arising from Chapters XI and XII of the Charter.
The views of the Indian delegation on such
matters, which had been pressed at the last two
sessions of the Assembly, were well known.
Those provisions of the Charter it regarded as
among the most vital. India regretted the
attempt in some quarters to whittle them down
and was disturbed at the appearance of the
forces of reaction in regard to which the representative of the Philippines had recently given
such eloquent expression (139th meeting).
The Indian delegation, believing in the freedom of all peoples, wished to see the early
termination of the colonial system, and the
speedy attainment of self-government by all
peoples inhabiting colonial or Trust Territories.
It insisted on the strict observance of Chapters
XI and XII, both in spirit and letter. In particular, it urged the colonial Powers to realize that
the two hundred million people inhabiting the
Non-Self-Governing Territories read into the
provisions of the Charter relating to such territories far more t1. l~ the colonial Powers were
inclined to do. Those peoples read the solemn
declarations made about the fundamental freedoms of all ma!J.kind, and they were asking whether
those declarations were meant to apply to them.,

11.....-----il iI ..........
_.--iiIIIip-ii
., ..:: tme:: : ';;;'3 -----_
is
t

they were doing everything possible to hasten

the development of self-government among the
colonial peoples? India believed in the establishment of a permanent committee under Chapter XI, which would do for the Non-Self-Governing
Territories what the Trusteeship Council was
doing for the peoples of the trusteeship areas.

II

With regard to conditions in South East Asia,

Mrs. Pandit said that that region, which had
heen one of the strongholds of c~loD.ialism, was
slowly emerging into freedom and was faced
with internal travail and the opp,osition of vested
foreign interests which usually accompanied the
birth of freedom. These were evident in Indonesia, in Indo-China and in Malaya. India: had
the deepest sympathy for the people of those
countries in their struggle for freedom. It considered that Indonesia had reached a stage of
autonomy which entitled it to the recognition
of its sovereignty, and hoped that Indonesia
would soon be welcomed as a Member of the
United Nations. The people of Viet-Nam h'a,d
been fighting gallantly for their freedom. India
hoped that the French Goernment and people
would rise to the ful! height of their traditional
liberalism so that Viet-Nam might attain selgovernment.
India was glad to welcome its friend and
neighbour, Burma, in the United Nations. Its
satisfaction was, however, tinged with regret at
the tragic events which had taken place in
Burma, nut the least of which had heen the loss
of some of Burma's ablest leaders.
One of the greatest problems with which the
world was faced et present was the continuing
practice of racial discrimination in certain parts
of the world. That was one of the gravest dangers to world peace. India would not tolerate
distinctions which offended against the dignity
of the human person.
Something that had heen said from the rostru~ on the previous day (141 st meeting) about
relatIons between European and non-European
races being poisoned compelled her to inttke
an observation on the allegation that the A5sembly had beeD. misused on certain occasions.
When a Member State came to the rostrum of the
General Assembly and spoke of the basic prin-

rale n'a pas autorite pour demander

sances coloniales de flrouver de faQon
qu'elles font tout ce- qui est en leur
pour hAter la venue du moment OU le
coloniaux pourront se gouverner eu
L'lnde est convainc.ue de l'utilite d'une
sion permanente creee conformement
pitre XI, faisant pour les territoires n
nomes ce que le Conseil de tuteRe fait
peuples des regions placees sous le re
tutelle.
En ce qui concerne la situation dans l
de l'Asie, Mme Pandit fait observer q
region, qui a ete I'une des citadelles
nialisme, se fraie lentement un chemi
liberte et doit souffrir I'agitation inte
l'opposition des inter~ts etrangers inve
le pays, toutes manifestations qui accom
ordinairement la naissance de la libert
sont visibles en Indonesie, en Indochi
Malaisie. L'lnde a la plus profonde s
pour les peuples de ces pars engages d
lutte pour la liberte. Elle considere qu
nesie a atteint un degre d'autonomie
donne droit a la reconnaissance de sa
nete. L'Inde espere que 1'Indonesie sera
admise comme Membre de l'Organisa
Nations Dnies. Le peuple du Viet-Nam
vaillamment pour sa liberte. L'lnde esp
le Gouvernement et le peuple franQais r
a la hauteur de leurs traditions liberales
reront au Viet-Nam le droit de se go

lui-m~me.

L'lnde est heureuse de saluer l'entree

amie et voisine, la Birmanie, au sein de
nisation des Nations Dnies. Cette satisfa
toutefois assombrie par la nouvelle des
ments tragiques survenus en Birmanie,
dre n'etant pas la perte de certains de s
les plus capables.
L'un des plus grands problemes aux
monde doit faire face actuellement est la
tance de la discrimination raciale dans c
parties du globe; c'ed la l'un des plus
dangers qui menacent la paix du monde.
n'accepterait pas des restrictions qui offe
dignit6 de la personne humaine.
Hier, ala tribune (141 e seance), on a
les relations entre les races europeenne
races non europeennes sont empois
Mm. Pandit se sent forcee de relever ral
selon laquelle on a, dans certains cas, d
le rOle de l'Assemblee. Quand le repre
d'un Etat Membre vient ala tribune de l
bIee generale dire que les principes fon

..

de mesures restrictive
tiques et economique
compatible avec la 10
les Membres des Nati
Charte. L'Assemblee
P?~le en reculant dev
hllites les plus lourde
p'as jusqu'a quel poin
Etats Membres inflig
partie de leur peup,le
La delegation de Ilnd
a toute discriminatio
forme et 00 que ce so
bMe de s'efforcer tre
mer du monde tout g
Lors de la derniere
a I'Assemblee general
dernier (85 seance),
liberation. Mmo Pandi
de I'lnde, mais, plus
elle avait souligne le
pour ce pays une lib
Depuis douze mois, I
orageuse et troubIee, q
les pires de ses app
eclate en plusieurs po
tan et, au debut de ce
le supr~me sacrifice e
Gandhi, qui I'avait g
conqu~te de la liber
toute humilite devan
s'Mre montree indign
Le nouveau Gouve
dli faire feee a des
redoutables. 11 a com
au cours de l'annee, c
mais elles etaient plu
les circonstances exce
l'lnde avait conquis s
ces erreurs au moins,
L'lnde n'est pas un
tentions agressives en
rieur ni a l'interieu
dans les institutions
et durable. 11 est don
suive une politique
rejette cette accusati
ont eu I'audace de la
L'lnde" malgre le
les fausses manoouvre
chefs actuels, accomp
progres impressionna
quence d'elever le ni
peuple. Dans les dom
sante publique et de
vaux hydroelectrique

laws and measures affecting the political and

economic rights of certain races, was in keeping
with the allegiance Members professed to the
Charter. The General Assembly would be guilty
of shirking one of its most onerous responsibilities if it did not qUt'ction the propriety of
Member States penalizing certain sections of
their reople on racial grounds. The Indian delegation ,. as uncompromisingly opposed to racial
discriml~ "tion in whatever form and wherever
it exisie~. and askeu the Assembly to devote
its serious .ttention to rooting out the canker
of racialism. . om the world.
When Mrs. Pa. lit had last addressed the General Assembly on1 similar occasion a year ago
(85th meeting), Ina had just attained its freedom. She had vent 1?ed to express its hopes;
but even more than itb hopes, she had stressed
the dangers confronting India and its newly
won freedom. During those twelve months
India had passed through a period of storm
and turmoil which had more than confirmed
its worst apprehensions. Violence had raised
its head in many parts of India and Pakistan and,
early that year, India had made the supreme
sacrifice of Mahatma Gandhi, under whose guidance and inspiration its freedom had been won.
She stood before the Assembly in all humility
and admitted that India had been unworthy
of its great leader.
The new Government ')f free India had had
to face numerous and formidable problems. It
had made many mistakes durir1g the current
year, even some serious mistakes, but the mistakes had been more or less inevitable in the
exceptional circumstances in which India had
found its freedom. But of one mistake it had not
been guilty. India was not an aggressor nation,
and had no aggressive intentions towards anyone,
outside or inside its horders. Indiu's faith in
the democratic way of life was deep and enduring and therefore it could never pursue an aggressive policy. Mrs. Pandit flung hack that charge
in the face of those whl) had had the audacity
to make it.

In spite of those difficulties and mistakes,

India, under its present leaders, had made
great and striking prog!'ess in many directions,
and the direct consequence would he the raising
of the standards of life for the common man.
In education, public health and agriculture, in
irrigation and hydro-electric projects, in the
building of roads of all kinds, from national
.[

5 liSkS

*'1'111

-.--..,...... -- . --- - 1...--.

... - -i ..

which Indians could legitimately be proud.

Twice within the course of the current year,
India had appeared hefore the Security Council.
On the first occasion, it had been on its own
initiative, in the hope that the Security Council
would investigate the causes of its dispute with
Pakistan about Kashmir. 1 More recently, 2
India had appeared hefore the Security Council
in response to the complaint made against it hy
the Nizam of Hyderabad.
Mrs. Pandit felt that the Assembly would
expect her to say a word or two on the matters
which were in the minds of most people when
they thought of India at present - Kashmir
and Hyderahad.
On Kashmir she did not need to say much.
The United Nations had appointed a commission
of mediation (S/654), which had been in India
since the previous July. In spite of certain
misgivings, India had co-operated fully with the
Commission and had endeavoured to make its
labours fruitful. The Commission would soon
prepare .its interim report and present it to the
United Nations. Meanwhile, it was hest for all
concerned to say nothing, except to express
the hope that the report might pave the way
to the speedy restoration of peace.
On Hyderabad Mrs. Pandit had to speak more
fuUy. Since her arrival in France, nothing had
roused her indignation so much as the constant
and persistent misrepresentation and misunderstundivg of the action which India had felt obliged to take in Hyderahad a few days previously.
Of the legal aspect of the matter she would say
nothing; she was at present concerned only
with the moral issue.
People often asked how it was that, while
professing Gandhi's doctrine of non-violence,
India should yet have thought fit to resort to
the use of force in Hyderahad. To those who
knew the facts, the surprise was not that India
had intervened hut that India had not intervened
much earlier. As long ago as 24 January 1948,
a minister of the Hyderahad Gover:rrment, in
tendering his resignation to the Prime Minister,
had said:
et It nai:p.s me to be a member of a Government
which &aUows looting, arson and murder uncon1

22 6 8ee OJlipiaI Becorih of thB SlCurity Council, Third Year,

th meetmg and document 8/628.
:l Ibid., 357th meeting.

lions d'Ames - ont eM ohtenus des

dont le peuple de l'Inde a le droit d'
C'est a deux reprises que, au cours
annee, l'Inde est venue devant le Co
securite. La premiere fois, elle l'a fai
propre chef, esperant que le Conseil enq
sur les causes du differend qui l'opp
Pakistan apropos de la question de Cac
Plus recemment, l'Inde a comparu a
devant le Conseil de securiM pour rep
la plainte formuIee contre eUe par le N
Haiderahad 2
L'AssemhIee s'attend sans doute a
Mme Pandit dise quelques mots des q
qui se presentent maintenant a pres
les esprits lorsqu'il est question de
celles du Cachemire et de Haiderahad.
Il n'est pas necessaire de s'etendr
question du Cachemire. Les Nations U
designe une commission de mediation
en activite dans I'Inde depuis juillet
certaines hesitations, I'Inde a pleinem
pere avec cette commission et s'est ef
rendre sa tAche feconde. La Commissio
pose a preparer un rapport provisoir
presentera a l'Organisation des Nation
Dens l'intervalle, mieux vaut pour tous
resses ne prendre la parole que pour
l'espoir que ce rapport preparera le ter
rapide retour de la paix.
Mme Pandit doit s'etendre plus lon
sur la question de Haiderahad. Dep1.iis so
en France, rien ne l'a davantage indi
d.'entendre constamment deformer et fa
interpreter les mesures que l'Inde
forcee de prendre en Haiderahad quelq
auparavant. Elle n'abordera pas l'asp
dique de la question et ne s'occupe
moment que du cMe moral du prohlem
On s'etonne souvent que, tout en p
la doctrine de non-violence de Gand
ait juge bon de recourir a la violence
rabad. Ceux qui sont au courant de la
ne s'etonnent pas que l'Inde soit in
mais plut6t qu'elle ait attendu si l
avant d'intervenir. Des le 24 janvier
ministre du Gouvernement du Haide
presentant .sa demission au Premier
declarait :
et le souffre d'appartenir a un Gou
qui permet sans hroncher le pillage,

1 Voir lea Pr0c83-verbaua: oJlici6z, du Comei

troisieme annee, 226' seance, et le document 6
:I Ibid., 357' seance.

me beyond all expression. I am certain about

this : either we suppress this gangsterism ruthlessly, or we abdicate.

expression. J' en suis

impitoyablement term
quer.

The Prime Minister, vaInly attempting to

persuade him to reconsider his resignation, had
written:
tt I agree that there have been several unhappy
inc~dents during the past few months, owing to
varIOUS reasons.

Le Premier Minist
revenir ce ministre

Another minister of the Hyderabad Government, who had resigned on 23 July 1948 had
spoken of a complete reign of terror in certain
districts, of men murdered, women dishonoured,
houses burned.
In the fa'Je of this mounting evil, fomented
by a fHque of self-seekers, the choice before India
had not been between violence and non-violence,
but between the adoption of firm measures by
the State against the evil-doer and the continuance of murder and arson and looting on a large
scale directed against innocent men, women and
children. After a series of warnings and appeals,
India had chosen the former course and had
intervened. It was significant that leading Muslims in all parts of India had welcomed the
action taken by India in Hyderabad. That all
resistance had collapsed within five days had
been mainly due to the fact that the people of
Hyderahad, irrespective of ca8te and creed, were
behind India's action and had heartily welcomed
the restoration of order.

She was well aware that phrases like tt law and

order and the will of the people" had often
been used in the past, and were perhaps still
being used by certain countries today, to cloak
sinister designs. That had helped some people
to spread libellous stories of India's coercion
of a so-called weak and helpless State. Shc gave
the assurance that India had no sinister designs
and nothing to cloak. In the last twelve months
India had realized, as few other countries had,
the dangers of mass disorder and fratricidal
strife, and its anxiety to root them out from a
region situated in the very heart of its territory
requi1'9d no explanation. If they coufd be rooted
out with the same speed from Palestine, Burma,
Malaya and elsewhere, the world \fould be a
happier and more secu~e place to live in.

Je reconnais qu'a
niers mois se sont p
sons, plusieurs incid

Un autre ministre d
rabad, qui donna
let 1948, faisait allu
regnait dans certaine
assassines, de femme
brftIees.
En face de ce dec
des agissements d'u
n'avait pas a choisir
violenre, mais il fal
mesures severes con
ou qu'il acceptM de v
les incendies et les
echelle aux depens
d'enfants innocents.
sements et d'appels,
parti, celui de l'inte
que les chefs musulm
1'Inde aient favorabl
prises par I'lnde en
toute resistance se s
est surtout dli a ce q
sans distinction de c
tenu l'action de l'In
sement le retour de

Mme Pandit se ren

tions comme l'ordr

peuples" ont souve
servent peut-~tre e
aujourd'hui, a dissi
Certaines personnes
repandre des bruits
sion exercee par l'l
faible et sans deren
ne nourrit pas de s
a dissimuler. Au COU
l'Inde a compris mi
pays les dangers d
d'une lutte fratricid
faire disparaitre ces
au creur m~me de so
cation. Si on pouvai
ces dangers de Pale
laisie et d'ailleurs,
plus heureux et plus

... ,--...

----~-_...-.-"'-

the Nizam of Hyderabad :

You will have noticed that during the course
of the last few months, the ruler of nearly every
State in this sub-continent which is in relationship with the Dominion of India has introduced,
or has declared his intention of introducing in
the near future, truly responsible and representative government. I say tt nearly every State '"
for there is one exception : Hyderabad. It is
impossible for any fair-minded person in the
outside world to view the present Government
of Hyderabad but as one representing and indeed dominated by a party which commands
support of only part of the minority community
in the State; nor, to the best of my knowledge,
is it responsible to the Legislatur~.

Nizam de Haiderabad :

Vous n'avez pas eta sans remarquer q

cours des derniers mois, les souvera
presque tous les Etats de cette partie de
nent qui est en relation avec le Domin
l'lnde ont declare leur intention d'in
dans un proche avenir des GouverIlemen
ment responsables et representatifs.
presque tous les Etats" car il y a une
exception, Haiderabad. n est impossible
temoin impartial considerant la situat
I'exterieur de ne pas se rendre compte
Gouvernement de Haiderabad represen
parti qui n'est soutenu que par une fractio
minorite dans l'Etat, parti qui en fait le d
autant que je le sache, ce Gouvernemen
pas responsable devant le corps Iegislatif.

tele ne crois pas personnellement qu~ d

tt I do not personally believe that friendly
tions amicales entre I'Inde et Haiderabad
relations between India and Hyderabad, which
we are agreed are the necessary prelude to a . tions qui, nous sommes d'accord la-dessus,
tuent le prelude necessaire a un reglem
satisfactory long-term settlement, can come so
long terme satisfaisant, puissent s'etabli
long as the state of affairs to which I have relongtemps que persistera l'etat de choses
ferred above exists. I am not saying this as Goverj'ai fait allusion ci-dessus. le ne parle
nor-General of India. I am saying it as an imtant que Gouverneur general de I'Inde, m
partial observer and as a well-wisher of Hydetant qu'observateur impartial qui souh
rabad. "
prosperite de Haiderabad."

,~

Unfortunately, the appeal had fallen on deaf

ears. But that already belonged to the dead
past of history; she would not dwell on it.
The Prime Minister of India had made India's intentions clear in a recent broad~ast:
as soon as the immediate task of restoring normal
conditions was completed, steps would be taken
for the election of a constituent assembly which
would determine the constitutional structure of
Hyderabad. The election would doubtless be
held under the same conditions as similar elections elsewhere in India, on the basis of adult
suffrage and with all the usual safeguards against
intimidation and corrupt practices of all kinds.
It would be just as public as any general election
in the United Kingdom or the United States of
America. India had nothing to hide. Its only
desire was that the rule of law Rnd the will of
the people should prevail.

India had faith in democracy. Its allegiance to

the principles of the Charter of the United Nations
wa~ not mere lip service.
In a few weeks, India
would be framing its new Constitution, embodying all the ideals of its new freedom. The
main provisions had already heen settled. It
had taken from France the inspiring ideas of

Malheureusement cet appel est rest

reponso. Mais ceci appartient deja au
Mme Pandit ne desire pas s'attarder laLe Premier Ministre de 1'Inde a, da
recente declaration faite a la radio, pre
intentions de son pays : aussit6t que les
tions normales auront ete retablies, ce qui
tue une tAche immediate, des mesures
prises ~n vue de l'election d'une ass
constituante qui fixera la structure c
tionnelle de Haiderabad. Les elections se
sans aucun doute dans les m~mes con
que toutes les elections de ce genre dans
tous les adultes voteront et toutes les g
ordinaires seront prises contre les mesures
midation et les pratiques corruptrices. C
tions seront publiques au m~me titre
elections legislatives dans le Royaume-Uni
Etats-Unis d'Amerique. L'Inde n'a rien a
elIe n'a qu'un desir, c'est de voir triom
loi et la volonte des peuples.
L'Inde a foi en la democratie. Elle rest
et non pas seulement en paroles, aux p
de la Charte des Nations Unies. Dans q
semaines, elIe elaborera sa nouvelle cons
ou s'inscriront tous les ideaux de sa
nouvellement acquise. Les principales
tions en ont deja ete arr~tees. Elle a em

8A

Those were the words of the Charter, and In,

dia had shown, in the shaping of its Constitutionthat to it they were no empty phrases but a
living inspiration. Nothing would deflect India
from the resolute pursuit of those great ideals,
neither adv~rse circumstances nor obloquy nor
misunderstanding, hecause those ideals were
in full accord with the nohlest traditions of Indian culture.

des citoyens qu'il ap

fah'e respecter. Elle a
l'idee d'une magistra
le rempart de la lihe
prunte a I 'Union d
sovietiques de nomhr
de l'homme du peuple
du fait que l'Inde do
a prevu toutes les me
dre le droit des min
prise par les Etats-U
elIe a prevu que des
mees periodiquemen
conditions des classe
lation. Devan~ant l'un
Comite des droits d
Unis d'Amerique, ell
naires speciaux serai
indienne et pour cha
de veilIer a ce que
constitution soient
tration journaliere d
hommes et femmes, d
les elections.
Dans ce domaine e
a essaye de faire tout
pour cc proclamer a
droits fondamentaux
et la valeur de la per
lite de droits des ho
et pour favoriser le
de meilleures conditi
plus grande ".
TeHes sont les par
a montre dans l'elah
que pour eUe ce ne
mais une inspiration
nera l'Inde de la pou
ideaux, ni les circonst
nie, ni l'incomprehe
en plein accord avec
de la culture de l'Ind

Mr. VYSHINSKY (Union of Soviet Socialist Repuhlics) said that at the sessions of the General
Assembly, it had already hecome a tradition for
each session to be opened with a general discussion in order that Memhers might get a general
picture of the path which had heen traversed,
sum up the events of the past year, make an
analysis of the activities of the United Nations,
and, as seemed natural, analyse the foreign policies of certain States, particularly of those which
played a leading role in the United Nations. At
the present session his delegation would present
its. review in the most concise form, and would

M. VYCHINSKY (Uni
Hstes sovietiques) dec
tionnel de voir chaq
generale s'ouvrir pa
qui permet aux Mem
demhle dn chemin p
de l'ann~e ecoulee, d
de l'Organisation de
iI n'est que naturel, d
gere de certains Etat
jouent un r61e prepon
des Nations Unies. A
gation de l'Union sov

from the United Kingdom the idea of an independent judiciary, the bulwark of British freedom. It had taken from the UIlion of Soviet
Socialist Republics many pTovisions for the
benefit of the common and forgotten man.
Remembering that India was to be a secular
State, it had provided every possible safeguard
for the protection of minorities. Copying a step
taken by the United States of America in 1946,
it had provided for the periodic appointment
of commissions to investigate the conditions of
any under-privileged classes of the population.
Anticipating one of the recommendations of the
Civil Rights Committee appointed in the United
States ofAmerica, it had provided for the appointment, both for the Union of India and for each
of the States, oi special officers to see that the
rights guaranteed by the Constitution were not
violated in the day-to-day administration of the
country. Adult suffrage for men and women
was to be the basis of all elections.

In that and other ways, India had tried to

do all it could to reaffirm its faith in fundamental human rights, in the dignity and worth of
the human person, in the equal rights of men
and women ... " and to promote social progress and better standards of life in larger
freedom. "

2.E

ad !!Lassa, ia;;$!hwupt4k& d. 2aaat2SiS$$S4

.__.er

At the last session of the General Assembly,

the delegation of the USSR spoke about the
principal drawback in the activities of the United
Nations (84th meeting), that drawback being
the failure to fulfil a number of extremeiy important recommendations of the General Assembly.
Recommendations on the general reduction of
armaments, on the use of atomic energy for peaceful purposes only, and on the expediting of the
drafting of measures to prohibit atomic weapons
had not been carried out; neither had recommendations on a number of other important
.
Issues.

At the same time, attention had to be drawn

to tbe utterly abnormal situation in which influential Members of the Organization were
making use of their influence not for the purpose
of carrying out the recommendations of the
General Assembly and relevant measures hut,
on the contrary, for the carrying out of measures
basically contradictory to and incompatible with
those recommendations. Such was the case, for
e~ample, with the Palestine question, the Indonesian question, that of discrimination in the
Union of South Africa, and a number of other
important questions. There was no need to put
special emphasis on how injurious were the violations of the Charter of the United Nations and
particularly the adopti(\!};'llf such unlawful decisions as, for example, the decisions regarding the
establishment of the Interim Committee, the
United Nations Temporary Commission on Korea,
the so-called United Nations Special Committee
on the Balkans, to the authority 0; the General
Assembly and the United Nations generally.

Mr. Vyshinsky recalled the circumstances under

which the Interim Committee was set up last
year, upon a motion submitted by the delegation
of the United States of America. Even at that
time there had heen no doubt that the initiators
of the establishment of that Interim Committee
had as their aim the creation of a hody which
would compete with the Security Council in
order to undermine the role and the significance
of the Council as the body bearing the primary
responsibility for the maintenance of peace and
security under the Charter. Even at that time,
it was clear that the Interim Committee was envis~ged by the United States delegation as a body
with functions wider than those of the Security

de la derniere session de l'Assem

generale, la delegation de I'Union des R
hliques socialistes sovietiques a attire I'atte
sur le principal defaut dont souffre l'activi
l'Organisation des Nations Unies, a savoir q
certain nomhre de recommandations ext
ment importantes de l'Assemblee generale
pas ete suivies (84 seance). C'est ainsi q
n'a pas applique les recommandations rel
a la reduction ~enerale des armements, a l
sation de l' energie atom~que a des fins ex
vement pacifiques, ainsi que la resolution ten
a hAter I' elaboration de mesures destine
i:!!~!'dire l'arme atomique; il n'a pas non
ete donne suite aux recommaudations po
sur nomhre d'autres questions importantes
LOtS

En m~me temps, il faut attirer l'attentio

une situation ahsolument anormale; en effet
tains Memhres en vue de I'Organisation de
tions Unies se servent de leur influence
point pour mettre en application les reccm
dations formulees par l'Assemhlee genera
lea mesures qui en deeoulent, mais au con
pour faire adopter des mesures qui sont en
tradiction flagrante avec ces recommanda
11 en est ainsi, par exemple, de la que
palestinienne, de la question indonesienne,
question des pratiques discriminatoires
l'Union Sud-Mricaine, ainsi que de plu
autres problemes importants. 11 n'est pas b
d'insister sur le prejudice que portent a l
rite de l'Assemblee generale, et a l'Organis
des Nations Unies dans son ensemble, les
tions de hr Charte des Nations Unies et pa
lierement l' adoption de certaines decisions
illegales par exemple que celles qui ont in
la Commission interimaire, la Commission te
raire des Nations Unies pour la Coree et ~e
appelle la Commission speciale des Nations
pour les Balkans.
M. Vychinsky rappelle les circonstances
lesquelles la Commission interimaire a ete
l'annee derniere, sur proposition Jes
Unis d'Amerique. Des ce moment-la, il n'y
aueun dO~~l;e que ceux qui avaient pris
tiative de creer cette Commission interi
visaient creer un organisme qui ferait c'
rence au Conseil de securite, afin de
atteinte au r6Ie et a l'importance de ce d
en tant qu'organe auqllel la Charte a
la responsahilite principale du maintien
paix et de la securiM. Il etait.clair des ce mo
la que la delegation des Etats-Unis con
la Commission interimaire comma un o
dote de fonctions plus etendues que cell

8 ....

States was designed to transfer to the Interim

Committee the solution of the most important
matters relating to peace and security, thus bypassing the Security Council in violation of the
United Nations Charter. It was designed to do
so, not on the basis of the principle of the unanimity of the five great Powers, but on a different
basis. There was no doubt, therefore, that the
adoption of thatlroposal had heen undermining
- and continue to undermine - interna.tional
co-operation based on mutual understanding,
trust and respect, and the interests of all States,
large and small, which were striving to strclngthen
peace and security for all peoples.
.

Nevertheless, the Interim Committee had not

justified the hopes of its champions and organizers. It was hardly accidental that the initiators
of the establishment of the Interim Committee
had not ventured, at the present session, to
raise the question of transforming that Interim
Committee into a permanent hody.
The appointment of the United Nations Temporary Commission on Korea was, a~cording to
the plans of the authors of that proposal, to cover
up foreign int(,rference in the internal affairs of
Korea and to bolster the setting up in Korea of
a government composed of individuals upon
whom the United States authorities in Korea had
already heen leaning, and upon ~hom they
hoped to lean in the future, in utter disregard of
the interests of the people of Korea. Even in
South Korea, numerous cases of lawlessness,
violence and even terror had occurred against
the progressive people, and particularly against
the active participants of the democratic movement who did not want to put up with thJ lawless
position of their country. Accordingly, at the
price of lawlessness and of splitting Korea in
two, the United States authorities had set up a
South Korean puppet government which they
had widely advertiBed as the aU-Korean Government. Such a falsification, however, could mislead no one. That falsification hecame particularly evident when compared with the situation
in Northern Korea, where a widespread natj~AJal
movement for the unity and independence of
Korea had resulted in the establishment of the
Supreme People's Council elected by the populatjon of both Northern and Southern Korea,
and in the creation of the lJemocratic People's
Republic of Korea.

..

...

HIli ;; :

?jjQ;------

."..~

la proposition pre
d'AIIlerlque tendait
tence de la Comm
ment des questions
tives a la paix et
le Conseil de securit
tion de la Charte de
on ne s'appuyait pa
mite des cinq grand
autre principe. 11 e
doute que, depuis
sition a contrihue a
tion internationale,
sion, la confiance e
que sur l'interM d
petit:s, qui aspirent
securite de tous
Toutefois, la C
pas justifie les esp
ceux: qui l'ont pre
Ce n t est pas par h
la Commission interi
a soulever, a la pr
de la transformatio
maire en un organe
En instituant la
Nations Unies pOUI
cette proposition av
l'intervention etrang
rieures de la Coree
d'un gouvernemen
lesquels les autori
s'appuyaient deja et
s'appuyer a l'aveni
ment les interMs d
Coree du Sud, de nom
violence et Dl~me d
contre les liberaux: e
prenaient unEI part a
cratique et qui refu
arhitraire de' leur
d'actes ilIegaux et d
les autorites americ
du Sud un gouve
ont qualifie, ia gran
Gouvernement. de t
falsi.ficatio~ ilt~ saur
. ~"vient particulierem
mine la situation en
vement national pou
de la Coree a pris
abouti a la creation
peuple, par la popula
que de la Coree du
la Republique popul

---- ...
---- I -

aggressive purposes.
Equally unsuccessful had been the efforts of
the so-called United Nations Special Committee
on the Dalkans which had heen illegally set up
at the last session of the General Assembly,1 and
which was calculated to facilitate the suppression
of the national liberation movement in Greece,
on the one hand, and to strengthen and support
the artificial charges of the Greek monarchofascists against the northern neighbours of
Greece on the other. Such a committee, with
such an assignment and with such terms of
reference, had been unable to win laurels either
for itself or for the United Nations as a whole.
As far back as 1947, numerous caseS proving
the lack of impartiality in the worf of the Special
Committee had been cited in the First Comwlttee.
It had been proved that no r.onclusi"ns worthy
of attention or credit could he arrived at on the
basis of the material provided by the Speciai
Committee. Mr. Vyshinsky said that exactly the
same situation existed at present, and that
the USSR delegation would have to return to
the matter when the so-called Greek question
came under consideration at the meetings of the
First Committee and at subsequent meetings of
the General Assembly.
In the field of economic questions, the activities of the United Nations in the course of the
period under review had been concentrated on
problems which, though of some importance,
were far from affecting the most important interests of the peoples, and first and foremost, of
the peoples of those countries which had suffered
most from the war and from the severe hardships
and privations imposed upon them by the hitlerites. Such bodies of the United Nations as the
Economic and Social Council and the Economic
Commissions for Europe and for Asia and the
Far East had eschewed the fulfilment of the
important tasks of drafting measures calculated
to contribute to the rehabilitation of the economy
of wardevastated countries and to the development of their principal national industries.
Despite the lact, that, as was well known, th(~
Marshall Plan ignored the United Nations, the
economi,} bodies of the United Nations had
deemed it to be their most important task to
facilitate the implementation of that Plan in
every way possible. It was not accidental that
A 1 See QIliciaI RecordIi tM IICOfKl
uembly, lfflOlueiom, No. A 09 (H).

",lion of the

Gmwal

dans des buts d'agression.

Les efforts de ce que l'on a~pelle la Co
sion speciale des Nations Unles pour le
kans ont ete tout auasi infructueux; cette
mission, constituee illegalement au cou
la derniere session de I'Assemblee gene
etait destinee, d'une part, a aider a l'et
ment du mouvement de liberation nat
en Grece et, d'autre part, a etayer lea a
tions controuvees portees par les monar
et fascistes grecs contre les voisins septentri
de la Grece. Ayant une telle tache et
mandat, cette Commission n'a pu ac
du prestige, ni pour elle-m~me, ni pour I
nisation des Nations Unies. Deja en
ala Premiere Commission, on a cite de nom
cas qui prouvaient que la Commission s
pour les Balkans avait manque d'impa
dans ses travaux. 11 a ete prouve qu'on n
vait arriver a aucune conclusion S 3rie
digne de foi en se basant sur les ma
fournis par cette Commission. La sit
est exactement la m~me a l'heure ac
declare M. Vychinsky. La delegation de I
reviendra sur ce sujet lorsque ce que l'on a
la question grecque viendra devant la Pr
Commission, puis devant l'Assemblee ge
Pendant la periode dont il est qu
l'activite de l'Organisation des Nations
dans le domaine economique s'e8t eonc
sur des problemes qui, tout en presenta
certaine importance, sont loin d'Mre d'
primordial pour les peuples, et au premi
les peiuples des pays a18nt souffert le p
la gUf:Jrre, des epreuves et des privations
sees par les hitleriens. Des organes de I
nisation des Nations Unies tels que le C
economique et social, la Commission
mique pour l'Europe et la Commissio
nomique pour l'Asie et I'Extr~me-Orient
point rempli les taches importantes qu
incombent et qui consistent en la mise au
des mesures destinees a contribuer au
ment economique des pays devastes
guerre, ainsi qu'au developpement de
principales industries nationales.
Bien que, comme chacun le sait, le
Marsball ne tienne aucun compte de l
nisation des Nations Unies, les organe
nomiques des Nations Unies ont estim
leur tache la piw importante etait de f
par tous les moyens la mise en applicat
l

a.

1 Voir lea DOOUtMntI o~z,

la ~....um
bUt g_all, lUIolucionl, nO 109 (11).

a.

and political stability. 1

Meanwhile, it had become even more obvious
than it had been a year ago that the Marshall
Plan not only did not make any contribution to
the economic and political stabilization of Europe
but, on the contrary, worsened the economic
position of the European countries that had
joined the Plan, which undermined their economic
and political independence.
Referring to the Security Council, Mr. Vyshinsky
said that in the year 1947-1948, that Council
had had before it a number of most important
questions which were connected with the implementation of resolutions and recommendations
of the General Assembly. Among them, it was
essential to mention, in the first place, the decision of the General Assembly of 24 January
1946 2 on atomic energy, and the resolution of
the General Assemhly of 14 December 1946 5
on the general regulation and reduction of armaments.
On the other hand, the Security Council also
dealt with questions relating to cases of violation
hy certain States of the principles and provisions
of the Charter of the United Nations and decisions
of the General Assembly - violations which had
taken place in the course of the elapied period.
IY) spite of the fact that, in many cases, those
violations had been and remained a direct threat
to the peace and security of the peoples, the
majority of the Security Council not only did not
find it fitting to adopt measures required for the
removal of such threats, but, on the contrary,
adopted the opposite position by supporting and
bolstering such violators. It was so with regard
to the Indonesian question where the majority
of the Security Council had not adopted measures
to stop the armed aggression by the Netherlands
against the Indonesian people. The majority of
the Security Council had adopted again that
same attitude when, by decision of that majority, the case had been transferred to the hands
of the Committee of Good Offices - consisting of

1 See Official Recordl of the third .eSBion of the General

A.umbly, Supplement No. l.
s See R6Iolutiom adopted by the General A"embly, first part,
first session, resolution 1 (1).

a See Re.olutiom adopted by the General AlI6mbly, second part,

first session, resolution 41 (I).

retour de I'Europe
economique et politi'1
Entre temps, H, est
ment qu'il y e un an
it la stabilisation eco
l'Europe, le plan Mar
la situation economi
ayant adhere it ce plan
independance econom

Abordant ensuite
de securite, M. Vychin
1948, le Conseil a
questions importante
application des resolu
adoptees par I'Assemb
ci, il est indispensable
la resolution de I'As
du 24 janvier 1946
ainsi .que la resolutio
generale le 14 dece
la reglementation et
des armements.
D'autre part, le Co
egalement des quest
de violations des pri
de la Charte des Nati
de I'AssembIee gene
dans la periode qu
certains Etats. Bien q
ces violations ont
encore une menace
securite des peuples,
du Conseil de securite
ter les mesures nece
sion, mais elle a ado
de vue oppose en sou
lea coupables. Il en a
indonesienne, it prop
de securite, la majori
pour arrMer l'agress
contre le peuple ind
adopte la m~me attitu
sion, le cas a ete tran
bons offices compos

1 Voir les Document. 0ffic

blee 8JnBrale, supplement nO
J Voir les Relolutiom
pendant la premiere partie
tion 1 (1).
I Voir les
Re,olutiom
eendant la seeonde partie de
(I).

- - - - - -..........-ii."...~._.. :ct: ':'li,=il:t-=:t==";;'IF II1IS.iln.dI J ' '&in' "517 2 ~

1

'"

which Indonesia had been deprived of a number

of rich areas taken by the Dutch in 1947 .
At the same time, the majority of the Security
Council had rejected a proposal calling for the
cessation of hostilities and for the withdrawal of
Dutch troops from the territory they had occupied at the beginning of the military operations 2
which had actually meant encouragement of the
aggressors.
The Security Council had also failed to carry
out its duty with respect to the Palestine question.
The decision of the General Assembly of 29 November last S had been ignored and the establishment of two independent States in Palestine,
Arab and Jewish, had been impeded. The policy
of the majority of the Security. Council with
regard to the Palestine question was not directed
toward the adoption of measures for the removal
of national contradictions in Palestine, nor was
it directed toward ensuring good-neighbourly
relations between the Jewish and Arab peoples;
on the contrary, the policy of the Security Council
had contributed to the deepening of those contradictions, of the cleavage, and forced both
Arabs and Jews to take the road of armed force
and armed clashes which had resulted in warfare
in Palestine.
The wrecking of the decision of the General
Assembly of 29 November had been due not
only to direct proposals on the part of certain
States to revise the above-mentioned decision,
but also to such measures as had resulted from
the proposal of the United States delegation to
set up a trusteeship over Palestine (A/C.1/277),
and the proposal to appoint a Mediator (A/C.I/
SC.9/1) a measure, however, which so far had
failed to yield any positive results.

regions occupees par les Neerlandais en 1

En m~me temps, la majorite du Conse

securite a rejete une proposition tendant
cessation des hostilites et au retrait des tro
neerlandaises du territoire qu'elles avaient oc
au debut des operations militaires 2.
decisions equivalaient a encourager I'agres

Mr. Vyshinsky then turned to another important question, a question which he regarded as
of exceptional importance, the question of the
control of atomic energy, and also the important
question of not utilizing atomic energy for other
than peaceful purposes. After thirty months of
work by the Atomic Energy Commission, there
had been no positive results.
The same applied as regards the Commission
for Conventional Armaments, which had worked
for almost the same period of time. None of

De m~me, le Conseil de securite n'a pa

remplir ses devoirs a propos de la que
palestinienne. Il n'a pas tenu compte d
decision de I'AssembIee generale du 29 nove
dernier s, et l' etablissement de deux
independants en Palestine, I'Etat arabe
I'Etat juif, s'en est trouve interrompu. La
tique de la majorite au Conseil de sec
concernant la question palestinienne n'est
orientee vers l' adoption de mesures en vu
supprimer les conflits nationaux en Pales
ni en vue d'assurer des relations de bon Y
nage entre les peuples juif et arabe. E
contribue au contraire a aiguiser les con
a elargir la fissure, et a force Juifs et Arab
s'engager dans la voie de l' emploi de la
et a se livrer a des rencontres armees, ce q
entraine l' etat de guerre en Palestine.
Le sabotage de la decision de l'Assem
generale en date du 29 novembre a re
non seulement. des propositions directes f
par certains Etats en vue de reviser cette
sion, mais auss.i de mesures decoulant d
proposition des Etats-Unis tendant a l' eta
sement d'un regime de tutelle en Pale
(AjC.l/277) et de la proposition t~ndant
nomination d'un Mediateur ~AfC .1/SC.
cette derniere decision n'a d aiUeurs en
donne aucun resultat positif.
M. Vychinsky passe ensuite it une que
dont il souligne l' exceptionnelle gravite :
du contr61e de I'energie atomique. Il en
insister egalement sur l'utilisation de I'ene
atomique a des fins exclusivement pacifiq
Apres trente mois de travaux, la Commi
de l'energie atomique n'a pas obtenu de re
tats positifs.
Il en est de m~me pour la Commission
armements de type classique, qui a trav
presque aussi longtempa. Aucune de ces d

1 See
4
O~l RtlCorth of ths Security Council, Second Year,
19 th meetmg and document 8/525.
s Ibid., 219th meeting and document 8/589.
A a See QIlkiaI RtlCorth of tM I8concl Hllion cif tM Gtmmll
u,mbly, 1fe,olutiom, No. 181 (lI).

1 Voir les Proc6HerbaUtf: oJJicie" du Conuil df II

deuxieme annee, 194' seance, et le document 8/525.
s Ibid., 219' seance et document 8/589.
a Voir les Documsntl officis" df la ~ ""ion de l'A
bUt gm;,.az" Rholutiom, nO 181 (11).

had remained fruitless, and the reason was that

the Government of the United States had refused
and continued to refuse to solve the principal
prohlem, the solution of which would determine
the direction and nature of all measures relevant
to the problem of removing atomic weapons from
national armaments and securing the atomic
energy only and exclusively for peaceful purposes.
Mr. Vyshinsky pointed out that, as was wellknown, the Soviet Union had insisted and
continu.ed to insist on the necessity for immediately prohibiting atomic weapons and their utilization for aggressive ends. The Soviet Union
insisted on the need for estahlishing strict and
effective international control over the observance of such a han on the use of atomic weapons.
The necessity to prohibit atomic weapons aroLle
from the very nature of that type of weapon
hecause it was essentially an aggressive weapon
intended for attack and attack only. It was
designed to destroy cities; it was a weapon
designed for mass extermination of peaceful
populations. Any ohjection to the prohihition
of atomic weapons was possible only on the part
of those circles which were interested in the
retention in their own hands of the control over
that weapon, groups which were cherishing plans
for attacks on other countries. Those circles,
those quarters, were perfecting their aggressive
plans and cherishing illusions that those plans
would work, even if the whole nation or the vast
majority of the nation which w~s to attack other
countries was against war, against miHtary
aggression which was planned hy the reactiovary
top groups.
Those circles strenuously opposed a convention
for the prohihition of atomic weapons, and instead of such a convention they were making
proposals for the estahlishment of international
control of atomic energy as a whole. It was not
difficult to realize that without the prohibition of
the use of atomic energy for military purposes,
it would be ahsurd to speak of control over
atomic energy, since the object of the control
would not exist. Without the prohibition.of the
production and use of atomic weapons, all proposals regarding the estahlishment of an international body for control over the use of atomic
energy would he deprived of any practical sense.
It would be useless to try to prohihit or control
atomic energy without banning atomic weapons
in the first place. In such circumstances the
ver:r drafting of any provisions concerning. t~e
competence, functions, powers, and responSIbIlities of the control organ would be useless and a

, 4 . . . . . -

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se :=:sa
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atomique n'ont pa
que le Gouverne
refuse et continue
prohleme principal
nerait le caractere
cernant la suppre
dans les armemen
I'application de I'e
uniquement pacifi
rappelle M. Vych
jours insiste sur la
diatement les al'me
tion it des fins d'ag
tr6le international
interdiction. Cette n
m~me de ce type d'a
et uniquement off
les villes, ces arme
nation en masse
Toute ohjection a
venir que des mil
le contr6le et tir
contre d'autres pay
leurs plans agressif
voir se realisar, m~
ou une grande m
la nation qui se p
la gu.erre et contr
sagees par les gr
tionnaires.

Ces milieux s'o

conclusion d'une c
miques et propose
tr6le international
son ensemble. n n
voir que, sans I'in
taires de I'anergie
de parler de cont
car ce contr6le ser
diction de fabrique
miques, toute pro
un organe interna
I' utilisation de l'en
sens pratique. ne
dire ou de contr6
interdire d'abord
perdre son temps
determinant la co
pouvoirs et les re
de contr61e. San

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world the true atomic weapons race.

The Government of the United States, in
insisting that an international control organ
should be established first, and that agreement
on the prohibition of atomic weapons would
follow, placed the cart before the horse. It was
clear that the Government of the United States
was not interested in the hJrogress of the work of
the Atomic Energy Commission which, for two
and a half years, had been struggling with the
task of drawing up proposals regarding the exclusion from national armaments of atomic weapons
and of all other principal types of armaments
designed for the mass destruction of people.
, The demand that there should be concluded first
the establishment of international control, and
that ~onventions for the prohibition of atomic
weapons might then ensue was designed to disrupt the conclusion of a convention for the prohibition of the use of atomic energy for military
purposes. Such a position on the part of, the
representatives of the United States was nothing
but a design to cover up their lack of desire to
have any kind of control. Furthermore, the
United States plan also included proposals for
ownership by the international control organ of
all enterprises connected with atomic energy. In
other words, that international organ would have
complete control and would have every opportunity for uncontrolled interference in the internal
aflairs of any country.

En insistant sur la creation par p

d'un organisme international de contr61
serait suivie plus tard par la conclusion
accord en vue de I'interdiction des arme
miques, le Gouvernement des Etats-Un
la charrue avant les hreufs. n est eviden
ne s'interesse pas au progres des trava
la Commission de l' energie atomique, 1u
atteMe pendant deux ans et demi a a
d'etahlir des propositions concernant
nation des armements nationaux des
atomiques et de tous les autres principaux
d'armes permettant des destructions ma
En exigeant qu'on etahlisse d'abord u
tr6le international, lea conventions inte
les armes atomiques pouvant venir plus
on a pour but d'emp~cher la conclusion
accord tendant a interdire l'utilisation de
gie atomique a des fins militaires. Cett
tude des representants des Etats-Unis n'a d
but que de dissimuler leur ~eu d'emrress
aetahlir un contr6le quel qu il soit. D autr
le projet des Etats-Unis comporte des
sitions f)ur la remise a l'organisme de co
international de toutes les entreprises
pant de l'energie atomique. En d'autres t
l'organisme international jouirait d'un
de contr6le absolu et aurait toutes les
bilites d'intervenir sans aucune limite da
affaires inMrieures de quelque pays q
soit.
Taking into consideration the fact that th.e
Si I'on tient compte de ce que le proj
United States plan provided for the transfer to
Etats-Unis prevoit le transfert a l'orga
the international control body not only of enterde contr61e international, non seulemen
prises, but also of whole industries, which to a usines d'energie atomique, mais aussi d'
tries entieres desservant dans une plu
certain degree serviced the plants and installations producing atomic materials, it was not diffimoins grande mesure les usines et les in
cult to understand what the adoption of the
tions produisant des materiaux atomiqu
United States plan might lead to. It was perfertly
n'est pas difficile de s'apercevoir a quoi
clear that the plan for ownership by the internarait son adoption. n est evident que la di
tio.nal control body of all atomic energy entertion tendant a donner la propriete de
prises would make that body the owner of all
les entreprises d' energi\~ atomique a l
relevant enterprises'in any country without any nisme de contr61e interl1.ational ferait
restriction of control in the economic life of the
dernier le proprietaire de toutes les usin
country.
ce genre dans tous les payu sans qu'il so
porte de limitation au con11l'61e qu'il exe
, ainsi sur la vie economiqu1e de tel ou tel
The USSR maintained that the international
L'URSS estime que 1'0rBanisme de co
c?ntrol body should have the right to adopt deciinternational doit prendre ses decisions
SIOns by a majority of votes, but it was impossimajorite des voix; mais eUe ne peut co
ble to agree that that international body should tir a ce que cet organisme devienne ame
b.ecome a.United States body and should have the
et possede le droit de s'immiscer dans
rIght to mterfere with the economic life of any
economique de tel ou tel pays, m~me si :d

a majority which might adopt one-sided decisions,

a majority upon whose favourable attitude the
USSR could not count. That was the reason
why the USSR, and probably not only the
USSR, could not agree that the fate of its
national economy should be placed in the hands
of that organ.
.
Apart from that, the United States proposal
for control did not present an opportunity for
the control of atomic production proper. The
Second Report of the Atomic Rnergy Commission
to the Security Council dated 11 September
1947 stated the United States position on that
question as follows : et effective international control of atomic energy in ord.er to prevent
its use for destructive purposes must begin with
strict control over these two key substances"
- that is, uranium and thorium - and et the starting point of any system of control lies with the
raw materials which are the source of these two
key substances". 1

unilaMrales et sur
quelle I'URSS ne p
pourquoi ene ne p
hablement pas seul
a. placer les destine
les mains d'un tel

The Governments of the United States, the

United Kingdom, France, and other Powers could
not agree with that position. The USSR

D'autre part, la
ne prevoit pas la
production atomique
xieme rapport de l
atomique au Conse
11 septemhre 1947
tion des Etats-Unis s
contr61e internationa
qU3, destine a. emp~ch
destructives, doit com
vere de ces deux sub
I'uranium et le thoriu
tr61e doit logiqueme
qui sont la source
hase 1 ".
Cette declaration
surtout a. l' extractio
Cependant, il serai
Rapport des indica
blir en m~me temps
industrielle de l'ene
Aussi est-il eviden
nement des Etats-U
disant organisme d
sein duquel il comp
rite, mettre la main
premieres dans les a
les Etats-Unis refus
entreprises de p,.'o
sous le contr61e in
autres entreprises e
de matieres premie
te11e fac;on de pos
a. donner aux Etats
de portrsuivre, sans
tion de bombes ato
L'URSS continue
de la production d
ses stades, depuis
premieres jusqu'u,
produits manufactu
termediaire d'un o
lierement constitue
Les Gouvernemen
Uni, de
France
trouvent pas possib

1 See O.fllcial Ilsoorill of t'1&6 Atomic Enwgy Commil'ion,

Second Report to the Security Council, page 29.

1 Voir lea Pr0c8.-verba

Matomique, deuxieme ra

That statement indicated that all attention

was concentl~ted on the mining of raw materials.
It would be futil~, however, to look in that report
for any indication as to the necessity for a
simultaneous establishment of control over the
inc1uFltrial production of atomic energy.
Thus, there were no doubts left in anybody's
mind that the Government of the United States
wanted to place its hands 011 the sonrces of raw
materials in other countries, with the aid of the
so-called international control body where the
United States expected to be backed by its own
majority. At the same time the United States
refused to place its own atomic enterprises under
international control, together with all the other
enterprises and sources of raw materials. It
was clear that such a way of putting the question
was intended to provide the United States with
all unlimited pessibility of further uncontrolled
production of Ltomic bombs.
The USSR maintained that a properly organized international control body should exercise control over the production of atomic
energy in all its stages, beginning with the production of raw materials, up to and including the
output of manufactured goods.

'a

a letter from the Secretary-General of the British

Association of Scientific Workers which very
justly raised the following question :
What harm would have been done by our
agreeing to a declaration that we would not use
atomic energy for military purposes in any future
war?"
Such a declaration, he it noted, had be('Jll
contained in the convention prohibiting the use
of gas for warfare. The British Association of
Scientific Workers wondered why the use of
atomic energy in war could not be renounced,
just as the use of toxic gas had been renounced.
The letter from. the Secretary-General of the
British Association of Scientific Workers contained the following reply :

In the two years that have elapsed since the

first Soviet suggestion for a convention was
made, it has become clear that the real reason for
the attitude of the Western Powers on this issue
was that the United States Government deemed
it necessary to retain the threat of the use of
atomic weapons as a key factor in the cold war
against Russia."

Atomic weapons' were weapons of attttt>1{,

weapons of aggression. All the peace-loving
peoples, millions and millions of common
people through out the world to whom aggressive
tendencies and intentions were foreign, should
raise their voices for the immediate prohibition
of the use of the atomic bomb which was intended
for mass extermination of the peaceful population of countries and designed to destroy peaceful cities.
Without a doubt, such a situation had arisen
~ecause of the policy which was being pursued
In the United Nations by such influential Members
as ~he Un.ited States of America, whose foreign
polIcy had undergone a radical change in recent
years.
At one time, the United States and the USSR
h~~ fought together against aggressive forces,
a~amst fascist Germany and militaristic Japan.
fhde by side with the USSR the United States
had shed the blood of its sons on the battlefield
against the common enemy, completing the
fight until the final stage had been reached and
peace had been established.

..
.

'

S"

$.

une lettre du Secretaire general de l'Asso

tion britannique des travailleurs de la sci
dans laquelle, a tres juste titre, etait p
la question suivante :
Quel inconvenient y aurait-il pour nou
nous signions une declaration aflirmant
si une guerre venait a eclater, nous ne fer
j amais usage de I'energie atomique a des
militaires?
Notons qu'une telle declaration etait co
nue dans la Convention interdisant l'uti
tion des gaz toxiques a des fin8 milita
L'Association britannique des travailleurs
la science se demande pourquoi l'on ne re
cerait pas a l'utilisation de l' ~nergie atom
pour des fins militaires tout comme on a ren
a l'emploi des gaz toxiques. A cette ques
la lettre du Secretaire general de l'Associ
britannique des travailleurs de la science fou
la reponse suivante :
Au cours des deux annees qui se sont e
lees depuis que I'URSS a propose pou
premiere fois la signature d'une conven
il est devenu clair que la veritable explica
de I'attitude des Puissanoos occidentales
la matiere est le fait que le Gouvernem
des Etats-Unis estime necessaire de main
la menace de l'utilisation des armes atomi
en tant que facteur principal dans la gu
froide contre la Russie.
Les armes atomiques sont des armes o
sives, des armes d'agression. Tous les peu
ep,ris de paix, ~.)s millions et des mil
d hommes a qui tou!e idee ou tout desir d'ag
sion est etranger devraient elever leur
pour demander I'interdiction immediate
l'emploi des bomhes atomiques, armes qui
eM con;ues pour l'extermination massive
populations p~cifiques et pour la destru
de villes pacifiques.
De toute evidence, cette situation est
a la politique suivie au sein de l'Organis
des Nations Unies par des Membres influ
tels qU'e les Etats-Unis d'Amerique don
politique etrangere a, au cours de ces dern
annees, subi un changement radical.
11 fut un temps on les Etats-Unis et rU
luttaient ensemble contre les forces d'agress
contre l'Allemagne fasciste et le Japon m
riste. C6te a c6te, l'URSS et les Etatsont verse le sang de leurs fils dans la bat
contre l'ennemi commun et ont mene la
ju~qn' au bout, jus/qu'a l' etahlissement d

pau:.

.'

:
I

position of the democratic countries. German

Fascism and Japanese militarism having been
crushed, the USSR continued to pursue a
policy of peace, devoting all its efforts to the solution of internal problems and, primarily, of
problems connected with the rehabilitation and
further development of the national economy
of a country disrupted by war. The people
of the USSR were entirely preoccupied with
peaceful labour, with the strengthening and
furthering of the development of socialist construction in their country and were standing
guard firmly for the peace and security of all
nations.
The policy of the USSR was consistent and
constant in its efforts to expand and strengthen
international co-operation. Such a policy followed from the very nature of the Soviet State.
It was a socialist State of workers and peasants
who were deeply interested in the establishment
of the most favourable conditions for peaceful
creative work and the building of a socialist
society. The USSR ursued a foreign policy
of co-operation with all countries prepared for
peaceful co-operation. It fought consistently
against any plan or measure which was designed
to create a gap among peoples. It fought for
the realization. and implementation of the
democratic principles which had arisen out of
the war.
8uch was not the case with respect to the present foreign policy of the United States. After
the termination of the recent world war, the
United States Government had changed its foreign
policy from one of fighting against aggressive
forces to one of expansion. It was now attempting to realize plans for world domination. In
certain countries, it openly supported the most
reactionary monarcho-fascist regimes and groups
and aided them systematically with money and
armaments for the suppression of democratic
national liberation movements. It was organizing military alliances or blocs, c~nstructing
new military, air and naval bases as well as
expanding, reconstructing and bringing up to
date certain old hases that had been established
during the war with Germany, Japan and Italy.
Furthermore, it was carrying on an unchecked
propaganda campaign to the effect that there
would he a new. war with the USSR and the
new democracies of Eastern Europe. A wild
armaments race was taking place. There existed
a true worship of the cult of the atomic bomb
which was supposed to provide a means of escape
from all the dangers and misfortunes threatening the capitalist world. Those were the prin-

et politique des
l'ecrasement du fa
tarisme japonais,
suivre une politiq
tous ses efforts a
interieurs et, avan
au relevement et a
nomie nationale
La population d
efforts qu'au trav
et au developpem
liste de son pays,
pour la paix et la

La. politique de
et constance a l'e
ment de la coop
telle politique d
nature m~me de
etat socialiste d'ou
dement interesses
tions les plus fav
et createur et a l
socialiste. La po
est une politique
pays prMs a une c
lutte contre tout p
a la division des
l'application et la
democratiques nes
n n'en va pas
la p,olitique etran
les Etats-Unis d'A
guerre mondiale e
des Etats-Unis a m
la politique de lutt
a fait place aune p
nant il s'efforce d
domination mond
soutient ouvertem
monarcho-fascistes
les aide systemati
de I't..rgent et de
mouvements demo
nale. n organise d
blocs politiques,
militaires, aerienne
en etat et modern
etablies pendant
le Japon et l'Italie
poursuit une camp
en vue de faire c
avec I'URSS et
l'Europe orientale
armements a lieu
de la bombe atom

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Such a policy was engendering a war psychosis

and was sowing restlessness and fear among the
great masses who strived for peace and peaceful
creative labour. It was a policy which had
nothing in common whatsoever with a policy of
peace.
As was well known, the United States Government, together with the Governments ofthe Un' ted
Kingdom and France, had organize~ a militarypolitical hloc of five States, the a~m of which was
.not to prevent German aggressIOn and render
mutual assistance against such aggref12ion. The
bloc could not pursue such an aim hecause it
was not directed against the danger of the
recurrence of German aggression and it even
intended that Western Germany,. which since
time immemorial had served as a stronghold of
German militarism and only recently had served
as a bulwark for Hitlerite aggression, should he
included in it. It was quite clear that the forming of such alliance was in direct contradiction
with the objectives of strengthening world peace
and security.'
However, other alliances of peace-loving European States were being concluded to prevent the
possibility of recurring German aggression.
Similar treaties had heen concluded hy the
USSR with the countries of Eastern Europe
as well as with Finland; and it was on the same
basis that the Anglo-Soviet treaty and the
Twenty-Year Franco-Soviet Treaty of mutual
assistance had heen concluded. Such treaties
and the alliances hased upon them aimed at
prGventing the possibility of further German.
aggressIOn; they were in full conformity with
the interests of all peace-loving peoples and
would not lead to the oppression of peace-loving
countries. They were not designed to set
States against each other or to split Europe.
~owever, treaties such as the treaty of military
alliance of the Western States, which included the
United K~- gdom, France, Belgium, the Netherla?ds and Luxembourg, did not only have in
mmd Germany, hut could he directed against
States which had heen allies during the Second
~orld War. All the British, French and Amerlca~ Press openly stated that the military
allIance of the five Western Powers was directed
against the USSR, and against the new European democracies. Such a treaty could in
no way be regarded as one concluded for the
purpose of defence alone. Those who concluded
~u~h agreements and those who estahlished such
allIances were pursuing a policy which was

lement par les Etats-Unis d'Amerique.

Une tene politique engendre la psych
guerre at seme l'inquietude et la crainte
les masses desireuses de vivre en paix et
livrer a un travail pacifique et createur.
une politique qui n'a rien de commun av
politique de paix.
Comme on le sait, le Gouvernement des
Unis a, conjointement avec les Gouverne
du Royaume-Uni et de la France, organ
hloc militaire et politique des cinq Etats
le hut n'est pas de prevenir l'agression
mande et d'organiser une assistance m
contre une telle agression. Le hloc ne
en effet, poursuivre un tel hut, car il n'e
dirige contre le danger d'une nouvelle agr
aUemande; on envisage m~me l'adhesion
bloc de la partie occidentale de l'Allem
de temps immemorial rempart du milit
allemand, et qui, tout dernierement e
a ete la forteresse de l'agression hitler
Il est evident que la creation d'une telIe a
est en contradiction flagrante avec les oh
de consolidation de la paix et de la se
mondiales.
Toutefois, d'autres alliances entre les
pacifiques europeens, afin d'ecarter la p
lite d'une nouvelle agression allemande
en voie de conclusion. De pareils traite
ete conclu' ~ar I'URSS avec les pay
I'Europe o:"'~imtale et avet la Finlande. Le
anglo-sovietique et le traite franco-sovi
d'assistance mutuelle pour une period
vingt ans ont ete conclus sur la m~me
Ces traites et les alliances hasees sur eux
a ecarter la possihilite d'une nouvelle agr
allemande. lIs sont pleinement conforme
inter~ts de tous les peuples pacifiques
sauraient conduire a l'oppression des
paeifiques. lIs n'ont pour hut ni d'oppos
pays les uns aux autres, ni de diviser l'Eu
Au contraire, des traites tels que le
d'alliance militaire des pays occidentaux, a
sont parties le Royaume-Uni, la Franc
Belgique, les Pays-Bas et le Luxem
ne visent pas seulement l'Allemagne; ils pe
~tre diriges contre les pays qui ont ete
pendant la deuxieme guerre mondiale.
la presse anglaise, fran(}aise et americain
ouvertement que l'alliance militaira des
pays occidentaux est dirigee contre I'
et leg nouvelles democraties europeenne
tel traite ne peut nullement ~tre con
comme conclu dans des intentions uniqu
dMensives. Ceux qui concluent de p
accords et etablissent de telles alliances
9

of the General Assembly,l denouncing propaganda concerning a new war and demanding
assistance hy means of information and propaganda for the purpose of strengthening friendly
relations hetween nations, had not checked the
instigators of war, who in the past year had
hecome more insolent. They were now carrying
on their criminal activities with even greater
cynicism and were trying to poison with war
propaganda as many as possihle of the common
people of their own countries. The propaganda
was accompanied hy slanderous falsehoods
concerning the alleged aggressiveness. of the
USSR and the new democracies. In that
way, an attempt was heing made to depict the
USeR as an undemocratic country, while on
the other band the United States of America,
the United Kingdom and other countries of the
Anglo-American hloc were heing pictured as
democratic countries par excellence. All tha~ was
accompanied hy a furious armaments race and
the development of plans for an attack against
the USSR and the new democracies as well
as hy the preparation of other military measures.
In that connexioil, it had to he recalled that
although three years had elapsed since the end
of the Second World War, the Anglo-American
Combined Chiefs of Staff, a hody which was
directed against the interests of peace, continued
to exist secretly. It had heen established in
1942 for the period of the war of the united
nations against fascist Germany and for the task
of directing the military operations of the
Allies. It was still continuing its secret activities. Among the United States representatives
on its staff were Admiral Leahy, Admiral Lewis
Denfleld, General Bradley, General Hoyt Vandenherg, and among the United Kingdom
representatives were Admiral Sir Henry Moore,
Lieutenant General Sir WiHiam Morgan. and Air
Marshal Medhurst.
In September 1947, under the supervision of
the Anglo-American Combined Chiefs of Staff,
manffiuvres were held in the North Atlantic with
the participation of British, American and Canadian naval units. In September 1948, manoouvres for the so-called defence of the United
Kingdom were held with the participation of
British and American Air Forces.
At the same time measures were being talcen
for the expansion and fortification mainly of
1 See Official Recordl of the aecond
A"embly, lfeBolutiom. 110 (11).

,e,m

of the General

session de l'Asse
damne la propaga
guerre et demand
de puhlicite et de
cales entre les na
tateurs
la gue
plus insolents au
lis poursuivent
criminelles avec
s'efforcent de co
de buerre le plu
gens simples de
gande est accom
nieux sur la pre
et des nouvelles
essaie de represe
non democratiqu
rique, le Royaum
hloc anglo-saxon
par excellence. T
~m.lrRe effrenee a
tion de plans d'
nouvelles democr
point d'autres m
Il faut, ce p
trois ans se soie
de la deuxieme
unifie anglo-sax
les inter~ts de l
secret. Cet orga
la periode de
co:atre I'AUemag
(~ps~',ations milita
a4,tivite secrete.
Etats-Unis
ce
Leahy, I'amiral
Bradley, le gener
les representant
Sir Henry Moore,
et le general de l

En septemhre
I'etat-major unif
dans I'Atlantiqu
queUes ont par
I'Angleterre, des
septemhre 1948
theme une prete
ont eu lieu ave
aeriennes anglais
En m~me tem
pour l' extension

1 Voir les Documen

hUe _ale, Re8olutio

' ..........

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oM':IL'=!!!!!I!lIrt!lllll

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frenetiquement bellicistes et diriges

l'URSS et les nouvelles democraties. La
discute les differents plans d'attaque
l'URSS entrepris it partir de ces bases,
l'intention manifeste de stupMier les
nerveux en affichant la puissance militair
Etats-Unis et notamment la puissance
forces d'invasion speciales" comme H r
clairement du numero du 11 septemh
I 'hebdomadaire americain Sah''kyl :; Evenin
L'article en question parle des forces d
sion speciales en voie de constitution, c
dire de bombardiers pouvant deverser
avalanche de bombes atomiques.
Un article de fond publie par l'impo
revue americaine United States News and
Report, dans son numero du 9 avril, co
ouvertement que les forces aeriennes des
Unis sont en voie de reorganisation en vue d
tuelles operations militaires en Europe.
revue souligne que ces forces aerienn
combat ont {eurs bases dans le Royaumesont disposees par les Etats-Unis dans un
d'attaque autour de l'Union sovietiqu
revue reproduit un plan detaille d'attaqu
l'aviation americaine contre l'Union sovie
D'apres la revue, ces plans sont actueUem
preparation et seraient executes principal
a l' aide des bombardiers que nous veno
mentionner, de chasseurs it reaction et d'
transportant des hombes atomiques.

against the USSR and against the new democracies. The Press discussed various plans
for the attack against the USSR from those
bases, with the clear intention of puzzling nervous
people in boasting of United States military
powers and in particular of the power of the
tt special invasion forces",
as the American
weekly, the Saturday Evening Post, had pointed
out in its issue of 11 September. It had mentioned the special invasion forces which were
being prepared, that is to say bombers which
could carry showers of atomic bombs.

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An editorial in the influeittlal magazine United

States News and World Report, in its issue of
9 April, openly confirmed tb' ~ the air forces of
the United States were being re-organized for
the eventuality of possible military operations
in Europe. The magazine stressed that those
air combat forces based in the United Kingdom
were being built up hy the United States in a
radius around the Soviet Union; it reproduced a
detailed plan of attacks by American air forces
upon the Soviet Union. According ~o the
magazine, .these plans were supposed to be in
preparation, and would be carried out chiefly
with the aid of the ahove-mentioned hombers,
jet-propelled fighters and planes carrying atomif
hombs.

If

~s

38

38

9.1
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r11

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The same magazine had published a map

showing the lines of attack by the air forces of
the United States in accordance with the plan
outlined above. The explanatory note under one
of these remarkahle maps read as follows :

La m~me revue publie une carte ind

les directions d'attaque des forces aerienn
Etats-Unis, selon le plan expose ci-dess
note explicative accompagnant l'une de ces
pleines d' inter~t indique :

The United States will attack Russia chiefly

by air. The Mediterranean area would be of
first importance, together with Britain and the
Middle East. The Arctic wouid be of minor
i~~ortance in these operations. Southern Italy,
SICIly and Turkey would be important as bases.
Atom bombs would be saved for use on Russia
herse:f. "

Les Etats-Unis attaqueront la Russie s

de l'air. La region de la Mediterranee, ain
la Grande-Bretagne et le Moyen-Orient, au
une importance primordiale. Les regions p
seraient d'une importance secondaire da
operations. L'Italie du Sud, la Sidle ot la T
constitueraient Jes bases importantes. Les
bes atomiques seraient reserveeB pour at
la Russie elle-m~me.

.Another American publication, The New Yark

Tames ~a8azine, published on 30 May an article
etpressmg regret that the United States had no
re~y sati~factory maps of the interior of the
SOVIet Umon. The article stated :

Une autre publication americlline, Tk

York Times Magazine, a publie le 30 m
article dans lequel eUe exprimait le regr
les Etats-Unis ne disposent pas de cartes
ment satisfaisantes de !'interieur de I
sovietique. L'article declare :

This is perhaps the great disadvantage.

C'est peut~tre notre plus grand de

tage. Nos attaques it la bombe contre la
soufl'riraient du manque de telles carte

tt

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IS

tt

tt

The offence would suffer in b&mhing attacks upon

Russia betause ~f the lack of such maps .. , For

..,

-.

:"

.,

",

,
'

attacked, giving he respective distances, down

to the nearest mile, of Soviet cities which apparently were doomed to atomic destruction by
America. For instance, the article states :
~ It

'3

3,000 miles round-trip from London

to Moscow; 1,750 miles one way from Tripoli
to Rostov;" - Tripoli being another AngloAmerican base - 3,400 miles one way from
Fairhanks, Alaska, to Vladivostok; 3,500 miles
from. a Greerdand base to Sverdlovsk."
Such were the occupations of the alleged peacemongers who were 'proclaiwing their peaceful
intentions throughout the world.
A map published by ESSO (the Standard
0'1 Company of New Jersey) was of the same
insolently aCTogant and war-inciting nature.
It was called, quite provocatively, The Map
of the Thi d World War." That was what
was being published in the United Statels. It
was being handed out to motorists. It carried,
with provocatively militant appeals, the heading :
Pacific Theatre of Military Operations." It
was an example of malicious war propaganda
against the Soviet Union an d the new democracies
of Eastern Europe.
Reaction, which was no longer sure of the
morrow, was continuously mobilizing its forces.
Public opinion was being frantically manipulated,
the Soviet Union and the new democracies were
he'ng shamelessly slandered and libelled, malicious lies were being spread abroad, facts were
being manipulated so as to deceive millions
of common peop e and to divert their attention
from the actual instigators of war. Millions of
copies of magazines newspapers and hooks impregnated with hestial hatred of democracy and
Hocialism were being issued, openly instigating
an attack against the peace-loving democracies.
The reactionary circles of the United State.:; and
the United Kingdom, as well as of countries
such as France, Belgium, and others did not
confine themselves to slander and ahuse. The
campaign was now heing led not only hy amateurs from the family of retired .politicians,
~~tatesmen, senators and MemheJ:'8 of Parliament,
hut also by persons now holding high official
posts b. the Governments of the United States,
the United Kingdom, France and other countries.
Those persons included United States Secretary of Defence Forrestal; General Kenney, Commander of the Strategic Air Forces of the United

sovietiques serai
tances respective
villes de I'Unio
damnees it la d
rique. L'article
I (t Il y a 3.000
it Moscou; 1.75
- Tripoli etant
3.400 milles
vostok; 3.500 m
it Sverdlovsk."
Telles sont les
tres .de la paix
pacifiques it trav
Une carte edit
pany of New Jerse
tere d'insolence
guerre. Elle est
(( Carte de la tro
ce qui s'edite
distribuee aux
provocants appe
Theatre des o
C'est un exemp
propagande qui
Repuhliques soc
velles democratif3
Incertaine du
la mobilisation d
sement l' opinio
honteuses calom
et les nouvellel~
haineux sont re
afin d'induire en
citoyens et de
veritahles incita
d'exemplaires d
livres impregnes
cratic et le soci
tement, inciten
pacifiques.
Les milieux r
du Royaume-Un
France, la Belgi
pas aux ealomnie
est dirigee non s
tes parmi les
hommes d'Etat
mais Russi par d
ment de hauts p
nements des Eta
France et d'autre
personnes, M. F
des Etats-Unis,

hres du Parlement britannique tels que M. B

M. Harvey et Sir Thomas Moore; le gene
division de I'air 'Walmsley, chef adjoint de
major des forces militaires aeriennes britann
M. MacMillan et d'autres.
Ces personnes n'interviennent plus av
Those per'sons were no longe r coming forphrase:s et des mots d'ordre ,de cU:l'actere g
ward with general pronouncements and slogans
appelant a la guerre contre I'Union sov
calling for a war against the Soviet Union and
et les nouvelles democraties. Elles propo
the new democracies. They, and in particula.r
et notamment Jes representants susmen
the above-mentioned representatives of the high
du haut-commandement des Etats-Unis
military command of the United States, were
plans brillamment colores pour l'utilisat
producing flashy coloured plans for the use of
l'aviation militaire et des bomhes atomiq
military aviation and atomic bombs for the devue de la destruction de villes de I'Union
struction of such Soviet cities as Moscow, Lenintique telles que Moscou, Leningrad,
grad, Kiev, Kharkov.and Odessa. United States
Kharkov et Odessa. M. Forrestal, Secreta
Secretary of Defence Forrestal had oversteppf~d
derense des Etats-Unis, pronon~nt un d
all limits when speaking before the Armed Forces
a la Conunission des forces armees du. S
Committee of the United States Senate. He had
insisted upon an increase of many hillions of . depasse toutes limites en demandant d'au
ter des credits de guerre - en d'autres te
:lollars in appropriations for war purposes - in
other words, for purposes of war against the
de guerre contre I'Union sovietique - d
Soviet Union. He had called for powerful air
sieurs milliards de dollars. 11 a dema
creation de puissantes forces aeriennes c
forces capable of inflicting incessant blows far
beyond the outer bases existivg at present.
de porter des coups incessants hien an d
bas~s les plus eloignees existant a I'heure a
Mr. Royall and Senator Bridges and Mr. Brown
MM. Royall, Bridges, Brown et d'autre
and other 'adventurers had spoken in the same
turiers ont parM dans le m~me sens.
manner. They had openly called for attack upon
ouvertement preconise l' flttaque des i
the oil fields of Batum and Baku, the Donetz
tions petroliferes de Batoum et de Bak
Basin and industrial regil)ns heyond the Ural
Bassin du Donetz et des cfmtres industr
Mountains.
dela de I'Oural.
Despite the declarations which were constantly
En depit des declaratic;ns renouveMes
heing made by representatives ofthe !}overnments
p,ar les representants des Gouvernemen
of the United States, the United Kingdom a.nd
Etats-Unis, du Royaumfj-Uni et d'unc
a number of other WestCl"n European States to
nombre d'autres Etats lie I'Europe occid
the effect that th(~il' respective Government. 'q
affirmant que leurs Gouvernements re
not pursue any aggreBsive aims, a furious a
n'ont nunement des intentions agressive
ments race was under 'OTay in those countries,
course aux armements e,ffrenee se poursu
with the United States i.u the leCtd. In 1947,
ces pays, Etats-Unis en t~te. En 1947, de
two years after the end 01' the war, the United
apres la fin de la guerre, l'arIUee des Eta
States Army was three and a half times larger
etait trois fois et demie plus importante
than it had ever heen in pre-war years. The
ne I'avait jamais e~e avant la guerre. L'a
~nited States Air Force had grown even faster,
des Etats-Unis s'est accrue encore plus
l~S numbers in 1947 having increased seventeen
ment, ses effectifs en 1947 etant dans le
tIm~s ~lBcompar~d with 1937. During that same
de un it dix-sept par rapport it 1937. P
perlOU, the Umted States Navy had increased
cette m~me perlOde, le tonnage des unites
by three and a half times in tonnage of operating
en service de la marine de guerre des Eta
?aval units, and the personnel of the Navy had
a augmente trois fois et demie et les effe
mcreased five times.
la flotte cinq fois.
The United States budget approved for 1948Le budget des Etats-Unis pour 1948
1949 showed an increase in expenditure for
reveIe une augmentation des depenses m
war purposes amounting to nearly four hillion
de pres de quatre milliards de dollars par
dollars as compared with the preceding year.
it l' annee precedente.
. According to official data, the following
Selon les donnees ofliciellt3s, lee augme
mcreases in the military budget intended for
suivantes du hudget militaire, en vue d
the purpose of the re-armament of the Army,
mement des forces terrestres, aeriennes et

Sir Thomas Moore; Deputy Chief of Staff of the

British Air Force Air Vice Marshal Walmsltey,
Mr. MacMilIan, and others.

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a half billion. That was the United States FiveYear Plan.

Enormous sums of money were still heing spent
on war experiments, military research and the
manufacture of all kinds of new types of perfected
weapons, with, as a result, the flow of billions of
dollars of profits into the pockets of American
monopoly capitalists.
Not only was the United States itself carrying
on intenBe. preparations for aggressive steps
against the USSR and the new democracies, but
it was also helping a number of Western European countries to prepare for war. The United
States was supplying the armies of a number of
Western European States with American armaments, and all that was being done on the
pretext of strengthening the defence and huildIng up the protection of those countries against
outside aggression. Some reports concerning
the possihility of the resumption of armament
supplies from the United States to certain Western European countries under a sort of lend...
lease programme had already appeared in the
Press.
Such was the situation in the field of international relations at present. Such were the conditions and the circumstances in which the third
session of the General Assembly of the United
Nations was starting its work.
Undoubtedly pompous and grandiloquent
speeches about international co-operation, peace,
the independence of peoples, human rights
and democracy could be heard from the rostrum
of the General Assembly, as had heen the case
at the last session and as, now as before, was
also the case in committees and commissions of
the United Nations. But behind the scenes
of the United Nations, in all kinds of military
offices in the United States, in the United Kingdom and in a number of other countries rotating
within the orbit of Anglo-American influence,
other speeches were being made which were
utterly incompatible with the principles of the
United Nations.
Such a situation could not be tolerated. Millions of common people had paid with their
blood for the crimes of the fascist warmongers
who had been the organizers of the l'ecent war;
they could not allow a repetition of the recent
war, which had caused such untold de~.truction,
sorrow and grief to mankind.

demit Tel eat le plan

On continue de
gieuses pour de,'.! e
ches militaires f~t
armes perfectionne
quence en est que d
sous forme de be
eapitalistes et des
Non seulement
m~mes a des prep
d'agression dirige
mocraties nouvelle
certain nombre d'
se preparer a la g
sent aux forces ar
ments americains;
renforcer la delen
leur protection co
Des informations o
indiquant que les
mencer a fournir d
rope occidentale s
programme de pr~t

Telle est la situat

des relations inte
conditions et les ci
troisieme sAssion
1'0rganisation des
travaux.
Comme cela s'es
session, ainsi que d
tes de l'Organisati
certain que nous
plus des discours
prononces a la trib
sur la cooperation
pendance des peup
la democratie. Mais
nisation des Natio
de bureaux: d'etatsle Royaume-Uni e
d'autres pays qui g
fluence anglo-amer
cours qui sont ah
les principes de
'Unies.
Cette situation
d'hommea ont pay
belli~i8t~3 du fasci
niere guprre; ces
recommencement d
tant de ravages et
l'humanite.

1-

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..

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(-

mentcd by expansionists and other reactionary

elements, the adoption of thc following resolution (A/658) :
et Notina that, up to the present time, practically nothing has been done to implement the
General Assembly's decision of 24 January 1946
on atomic energy control, as wen as the decision
of 14 Deccmber 1946 on tt principles governing
the general regulation and reduction of armaments" ;

3-

-,
-

et

Rscognizina as a ta sk of the first importance

the prohibition of production and use of

atomic energy for war aims;
et Rscognizing that a general subs~antial reduc.tion of iU'lllaments satisfies the demands for
establishing a durable peace and for the str.-engthening of international security and is compatible with the interests of the nations in easing
the heavy economic burden they face as a result
of excessive and ever-increasing expenditures on
armaments in various countries;
et Takins into account that the great Powers,
permanent' members of the Security Council,
possess the overwhelming number of armed
forces and armaments and bear the main responsibility for the maintenance of peace and
universal security;
et Desirou8 of strengthening the cause of peace
and el:minating the threat of a new war fomented by expansionists and other reactionary
elements,

The General Assembly

et Recommend, to the permanent members of
the Security Council : United States of America.
United Kingdom, Union . f Soviet Socialist
Republics, France and Chintt,as a first step in
the reduction of armaments and armed forces,
the reduction by one third during one year
of all present land, naval and air forces; .~
tt

fomenter les expansionnistes et autres elem

reactionnaires, l' adoption de la resolution
vante (A/658) :
et Comid6rant

que, jusqu'a present, on n'a

tiquement rien fait en ce qui concerne la
9n application de la resolution de I'Assem
generale du 24 janvier 1946 relative al'en
atomique, ainsi que de la resolution du 14
cembre 1946 sur les tt principes r6gissan
reglementation et la reduction generales
armements" ;
ttReconnai8sant comme ~che primordiale l'i
diction de la production et de l'utilisatio
l'energie atomique a des fins militaires;
tt Reconnai,sant qu'une reduction substan
et generale des armements est conforme
t&che d'etablir un6 pail: durable et de conso
la securite internationale et sert les inter~t8
peuples en alIegennt les lourdes charges ec
miques que leur imposent les depenses e
sivement elevees et toujours croissantes dest
aux armements dans les differents pays;
et Comid6rant que les grandes Puissances, m
bres permanents du Conseil de securite, d
sent d'une masse ecrasante de forces arme
tl'armements et qu'eUes portent la responswi
principale du maintien de la paix et de la
rite generales;
et Desirant eonsolider la cause de la pa
ecarter la menace d'une nouveUe guerre a l
gation des expansionnistes et d'autres elem
reactionnaires,
et L'AS8emb16e

86n8rale
ttRecommande aux membres permanen
Conseil de securite : Etats-Unis d'Am6
Royaume-Uni, Union des Republiques soci
sovietiques, France et Chine, comme un pr
pas vers la reduction des armements e
forces armees, de reduire d'un tiers, pe
une annee, toute8 l~s forces terrestres, n
et aeriennes dont ils disposent;

Recommend8 the prohibition of atomic weapODS as weapons intended for aims of aggression
and not for those of defence;

d'interdire l'arme atom

arme destinee a des fins d'agression et
des buts defensifs;

Recommend, the establishment, within the

~ework of the Security Council, of an intern~~lOnal control body for the purpose of superVISion and of control over the implementation of
the measures for the reduction of armaments
and armed forces and fo~ the prohibition of
atomic weapons."

ttRecommands d'instituer dans le cadr

Conseil de securite un organe de contr61e
national, afin de surveiUer et de contr61er l'
cation des mesures relatives ala reduotiQ
armements et des forces arm&~ainsi qu'a l'
diction de I'arme atomique."

et

et

et Recommande

A.

and lasting contribution to the cause of peace

and security of all peoples.

entre tous les

The PRESIDENT said that the draft resolution

as proposed would go to the General Committee
to be dealt with in accordance with the regular
procedure and would be considered by it under
its rules.

J..e PRESIDEN
lution sera tra
mement au r
habituelle.

Mr. NOURy-Ef:lFANDlARY (Iran) thanked the Government of the French Republic on behalf of
the Iranian delegation for the generous hospitality kindly extended to it.
At the close of the most dreadful of all wars
that had ever devastated the world, the United
Nations Organization had heen created with the
aim of ensuring for sadly tried mankind the
peace and security to which it aspired after so
much suffering and misfortune. Despite the
hitter memory of the failure of the League of
Nations to fulfil its essential task of safeguarding
peace, the newly created Organizat,ion had
brought fresh comfort to its Member nations
hy holding out to them the/romise of a peaceful
existence hased on law an justice.
Only three years had passed and already
difficulties of all kinds existed, which one day
might threaten the very existence of the Organization if they were not resolved in a spirit of
understanding and mutual collaboration. In
international life,.difficulties might arise at every
step and divergencies of opinion were frequent
indeed in the face of post-war problems, grave
and complex as they were.
What mattered however was that those prohlems should he approached with a feeling
of moral responsibility and with a firm will to
solve them, and that at the most critical times,
such as the present, a supreme effort should he
made to reach solutions that were both practical
and just.
The Iranian delegation, together with all
others, rejoiced in the existence of the United Natif.>ns; but it was also duty hound to help to
make it capable of fulfilling its pl'imary task
- that of maintainil~a peace and international
security by suppressing all acts of aggression.
Without wishing to underestimate the importance of the economic and soda! work of the
Organization, he must point out that unless
paragraph 1 of Article 1 of the Charter were

M. NOURy-EsF
nement de la R
delegation ira
talite qu'il a h
Au lendema
~ui ait jamais
bon les Na.tio
d'assurer al'hu
vee la paix et
apres tant de
depit de l'ame
de la Societe
sa tache essen
l'Organisation
espoirs a ses M
existence paci
justice.
Or, trois an
depuis ce jour
se sont deja el
cer l'existence
ne sont pas re
hension et de
dans la vie i
quent de surg
frequemment
face des prob
l'apres-guerre.
Mais ce qui
hlemes avec u
morale et avec
Dans les mom
que traverse a
supr~me doit
tions pratiques
La delegat.io
les autres dehS
sation des Na
~u' il est de so
I Organisation
mordiale : cell
rite internatio
d'agression.
Sans voulo
l'oouvre econom
le representan
moin,s d'une m

resonforldure

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OSPl-

erres
.
Dlsabut
Irou)irait
. En

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eam

une
~t la

lIees
dres
enas'ils
pre-

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rlSduit
en
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proilite
dre.

~eux:

fort
olu-

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flDllere
Idre,
pr,,eulcte

de
on,

, it
rale

part in the work of the League of Nations.

There, many splendid speeches inspired by
noble and pacific sentiments were heard. The
result of those speeches was well known. That
edifice of peace fJrected by the combined efforts of
nations aspiriJlg to peace and international
justice, on which so many hopes had heen founded, had crumbled one fine day at the whim of a
criminal who had precipitated the world into an
unprecedented catastrophe.
It was said that the past ought to be forgotten
and that all should look towards the future.
How could that precept be followed when the
past, in all its heart-rending horrot', was still
alive in men's minds? It would ho better to
draw from the past some useful, lessons for the
future.
Iran, which had contributed to the Allied
victory at the cost of heavy sacrifires that were
st.ill being felt, and which had not yet recovered
from the impact of the war, pursued only two
aims : the first was to collaborate wholeheartedly with the United Nations in the accomplishment of its task. In order to ensure such
collaboration, Iran would loyally fulfil the obligations it had assumed under the Charter and
would expect others to fulfil them as faithfully. It
would respect the political independence and
territorial integrity of all the Member' States,
and insisted that others should respect its own.
Not all the Members of the United Nations had
the same responsibilities; the responsibility
borne by the gr~at Powers was far greater by
virtue oftheir strength, and above all oftheir privileges under the Charter. It would be unfair
to profit from prerogatives without fulfilling the
duties which they entailed.
As regards the privilege of the veto, without
wishing to propose, at the present stage, the
tOtal or partial revision of the Charter, Iran
approved the recommendations of the Interim
Committee, and considered that if they were
accepted by the permanent members of the
Security Council they would prevent improper
use of the veto.
The second aim of Iran was to resume the
work of internal development interrupted by
the. war in an atmosphere of serenity and internatIonal peace. For that purpose the competent organs of the United Nations could help,
above all the ECNlomic and Social Council and
the specialized agencies. In that connexion
Iran welcomed the steps taken to create an

ont pris part, tout comme l' orateur l

aux travaux de la Societe des Nations.
entendu force beaux discours inspires
sentiments nobles et pacifiques. On en
le resultat. Ce monument de paix cOD
les efforts conjugues des nations eprises
et de justice internationale, sur lequel
dait tant d'espoirs, s'est ecrouIe un b
par le caprice d'un criminel qui a jete l
dans une catastrophe sans precedent.
On dit qu'il faut oublier le passe et
vers l' avenir. Comment peut-on se ral
conseil alors ~ue ce passe, dans toute
reur, est touJours present it la mem
hommes? Mieux vaudrait puiser dans
des le~ons utiles POut I'avenir.

L'Iran, qui a contribue it la victoire d

au prix de lourds sacrifices dont il se
encore, et qui n'est pas encore remis de
ses de cette guerre, ne poursuit que de
dont voici le premier : collaborer sinc
avec l' Organisation des Nations Unies
realisation de la tache qu'elle s'est assi
vue d'assurer cette collaboration, l'Iran
loyalement les engagements qu'il a ass
vertu de la Charte, et il compte que le
les rempliront avec la m~me loyaute
respectera l'independance p,olitique e
griM territoriale de tous les Etats Memh
exige que les autres respectent sa prop
pendance et sa propre integriM territori
responsabilites des Memhres de l' Orga
ne sont pas toutes de m~me nature; lea
Puissances, de pro.' leur force et surtou
les droits que leur accorde la Charte,
une responsahilite beaucoup plus gra
serait injuste qu'elles beneficient de prer
sans remplir lea devoirs que celles-ci ent
En ce qui concerne le privilege du veto
sans vouloir it l'heure actuelle la revisio
ou partieHe de la Charte, appMuve les
mandations de la Commission interimaire
mandations qui, si elIes etaient acceptees
membres permanents du Conseil de s
emp~cheraient l'ahus du veto.

Le deuxieme but poursuivi par l'Iran

reprendre reuvre de developpement in
interrom~u par la guerre, dans une atm
de SerenIte et de paix internationale. P
fake, I'Iran compte sur l'appui des
competents de rOrganisation des Nations
et avnnt tout sur celui du Conseil econ
et social et des institutions specialisees

The Iranian delegation believed that in order

to check the wave of anxiety which was spreading
over the world, the great problems before' the
United Nations should be courageously tackled
with firm. intention to keep the promises solemnly
undertaken, while selfish interests should at
all times be sacrificed for the sake of universal
peace.
The meeting rose at 12.15 p.

ID.

ment que possibl

La delegation
arr~ter la vague
moment sur le mo
le courage d'aff
actuels qui se pos
Unies, avec la fe
messes auxquelle
scrit, en sacrifian
inter~ts egoistes
La seanc

HUNDRED AND FORTYFOURTH

PLENARY MEETING

CENT-QUA

Held at tM Palais de ChaiUot, Paris,

on Monday, 27 September 1948, at 10.90 a. m.
President: Mr. H. V. EVATT (Australia).

Tenus au
k lundi 27 s
President: M

23. Continuation of the general debate

Mr. THORN (New Zealand) expressed his pleasure that the General Assembly should be
held in Paris and thanked the French people
for their generous hospitality. The sole aim
of his delegation was to help the United Nations
to achieve the aims it had set itself, which were
to maintain international peace and security;
to develop friendly relations among nations; to
achieve international co-operation in solving
problems of an economic, social and humanitarian character, and to be a centre for harmonizing the efforts made by nations towards
those common ends.
Nothing was easier or more sterile than to
criticize international institutions but it must
be realized that, whatever its defects, the United
Nations was a vital organization whose action
was felt in almost every part of the world. In
that respect the Secretary-General's annual report 1 had made a great impression on his
delegation.
The work of the United Nations could not
be judged from day to day or even from session
to session. Longer perspectives were needed
to ascertain whether the United Nations had
contributed to the alleviation of tension, to
the promotion of respect for human rights or
1

See Ql/icial R6COf'cU Qf eM third m&ion

An,mbly, SUpplement No. 1.

of eM

General

SEA

23. Suite d

M. THORN (N
.exprime la joie q
generale sieger a
France de sa gen
delegation est an
l' Organisation d
buts qu'elle s' es
securite internati
amicales entre le
ration hlternatio
blames d'ordre
taire, et ~tre u
efforts des natio
Rien n'est plu
critiquer les in
il faut reconnai
faihlesses, l'Org
une institution
son action se f
points dl1 globe
du Secretaire ge
sion sur la dele
L'ceuvre de l'
ne saurait Mre

1. l' autr
seSSIOn
Cl
recul qu'on sera
sation a contrihu
Et accroitre le res

1 Voir lea Docume

blH 84st1irale, supplem