Course:

Soil Dynamics

Module 2: Theory of Vibrations

Module 2:-Theory of vibrations

1 General
2 Definitions & Harmonic motion.
3 SDOF System, MDOF
4 Spring- dashpot system
5 Case study
6 Accelerogram, Accelorographs
7 Wave propagation

Course: Soil Dynamics

Module 2: Theory of Vibrations

LECTURE1

Course: Soil Dynamics

Module 2: Theory of Vibrations

THEORY OF VIBRATIONS:

The study of vibrations is concerned with the oscillatory motion of bodies and the
forces associated with them.

Vibrations are initiated when the energy is imparted to the elastic system by an
external sources.

FREE VIBRATION SYSTEM:

System oscillates under the action of forces inherent in the system itself and in
absence of externally applied forces.

The system will vibrate at one or more of its natural frequencies, which are properties
of the dynamical system established by its mass and stiffness distribution.

The response of a system is called free vibration when it is disturbed and then left free
to vibrate about some mean position.

e.g-simple pendulum

FORCED

VIBRATION:

Vibrations that take place under the excavation of external forces. When excitation is
oscillatory, the system is forced to vibrate at excitation frequency.

They result from regular(rotating or pulsating machinery) and irregular(chemical

process plant) exciting agencies.

e.g- machine tools, electric bells etc.

Course: Soil Dyna

amics

Module
e 2: Theorry of Vibra
ations

LINEA
AR AND NONN
LINE
EAR VIBRATION :

G
Governed byy linear differrential equattions, follow
w the law of superpositio
s
n.

E
Equilibrium equation
e
maay be represeented as..

m. x c. x k .x F (t )

------- lineear

L
Linear vibrattion become non linear for
f very largee amplitude of vibration. It does not
fo
follow low off superpositiion in this caase.

ED AND UNDAMP
U
PED VIBR
RATION:
DAMPE

..

Inertia force
f
:

Fi = m.aa = m x

Spring force
f
:

Fs = -K.xx

Dampinng force :

Fd = c. x = dampinng constannt * velocityy.

Course: Soil Dynamics

Module 2: Theory of Vibrations

Now, for equilibrium condition,

..

m. x + c. x + k.x = F(t)
now,
if F(t) = 0 => Free vibration.
0 => Forced vibration.
C = 0 => Undamping vibration.
0 => Damping vibration.

HARMONIC MOTION:
Its one of the form of periodic motion which respects itself after an equal interval of
time.

The harmonic motion is represented in terms of circular sine and cosine functions.

The acceleration is always proportional to its displacement and directed towards a

particular fixed point.

When harmonic motions of same period are added, the resultant harmonic motion of
same period is obtained.

Fourier series, periodic function in terms of series of sines and cosines, help us to
analyse the vibration results obtained experimentally in an analytical fashion.