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3 >> high
2 >> normal
1 >> low
This is to say, the normal pitch of speaking voice, whatever its actual
height, is called level 2; and from this, we make various upward and
downward. These variations of pitch we make in speaking will affect the
intonation of our speech.
3. Intonation
Intonation shows how the music of a language rises and falls over
a speech. In other words, it can be also described as a fluctuation of ones
voice, which is characterized as a downward or upward movement of a
voice or sound in an utterance as a result of the pitch variations. Thus,
the intonation of a sentence is the pattern of pitch changes that occurs.
4. Tone
Pitch
variations
that
affect
the
meaning
of a
word
are
5. Tempo
Tempo of speech is the relative speed or slowness of utterance
which is measured by the rate of syllable succession/movement, the
number, and duration of pauses in a sentence.
In English, speakers try to make the amount of time to say
something the same between the stressed syllables. If there are three or
four unstressed syllable between the stressed syllables, for example, the
unstressed syllables will be spoken faster, so that the speaker can keep
the rhythm. For this reason, English is a said as a stressed time
language.
6. Cluster
A cluster is when two consonants of different places of articulation
are produced together in the same syllable.
Note: clusters are determined based on the sounds, not the letters of the
words.
Cluster can appear in the initial, medial, or final positions of
words:
Initial clusters are usually formed by combining various consonants with
the /s/, /r/, or /l/ phonemes.
Examples:
sleep ['sli:p], green ['gri:n], blue ['blu:]
Medial clusters usually appear at the beginning of a second or third
syllable in a multisyllabic word.
Examples:
regret [r'gret], apply ['pla], approve ['pru:v]
Final clusters are usually composed of a variety of phonemes including
/sk/, /mp/, /ns/, /st/, and /k/.
Examples:
desk ['desk], camp ['kmp], mince ['mns], fast ['f:st], bank ['bk].