Chapter 26.

Electric Charges and Forces

The electric force is one of
the fundamental forces of
nature. Controlled electricity
is the cornerstone of our
modern, technological
society.
Chapter Goal: To develop
a basic understanding of
electric phenomena in terms
of charges, forces, and
fields.
Copyright 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley.

Chapter 27. The Electric Field

Electric fields are
responsible for the electric
currents that flow through
your computer and the
nerves in your body. Electric
fields also line up polymer
molecules to form the
images in a liquid crystal
display (LCD).
Chapter Goal: To learn how
to calculate and use the
electric field.
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General Principles

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Important Concepts

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Important Concepts

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Important Concepts

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General Principles

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Important Concepts

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Does an electric field exert a force on a

stationary charged object?
50%

50%

1. yes
2. no

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Chapter 33. The Magnetic Field

Just what is magnetism?
How are magnetic fields
created? What are their
properties? These are the
questions we will address.
Chapter Goal: To learn
how to calculate and use
the magnetic field.

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QuickCheck 32.3
If a bar magnet is cut in half, you end up with

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Slide 32-31

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Tactics: Right-hand rule for fields

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The Source of the Magnetic Field: Moving

Charges
The magnetic field of a charged particle q moving with
velocity v is given by the Biot-Savart law:

where r is the distance from the charge and is the angle

between v and r.
The Biot-Savart law can be written in terms of the cross
product as

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EXAMPLE 33.1 The magnetic field of a

proton
QUESTION:

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EXAMPLE 33.1 The magnetic field of a

proton

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EXAMPLE 33.1 The magnetic field of a

proton

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EXAMPLE 33.1 The magnetic field of a

proton

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The Magnetic Field of a Current

The magnetic field of
a long, straight wire
carrying current I, at
a distance d from the
wire is

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Does a magnetic field exert a force on a

stationary object?
50%

50%

1. yes
2. no

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The Magnetic Field of a Coil

The magnetic field at the center of a coil of N turns and
radius R, carrying a current I is

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EXAMPLE 33.4 The magnetic field strength

near a heater wire
QUESTION:

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EXAMPLE 33.4 The magnetic field strength

near a heater wire

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The Magnetic Force on a Moving Charge

The magnetic force on a charge q

as it moves through a magnetic
field B with velocity v is

where is the angle between v

and B.

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SI Units of Magnetic Field

1 Tesla = ?

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A = ampere
1 A= 1C/1s
C = coulomb
kg = kilogram
m = meter
1 Wb = 1 Vs = 1 Tm2 = 1
N = newton
J/A
s = second
T = tesla
V = volt
Wb = weber unit of magnetic flux

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Cyclotron Motion

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Magnetic Forces on Current-Carrying Wires

Consider a segment of wire of length l carrying current I in
the direction of the vector l. The wire exists in a constant
magnetic field B. The magnetic force on the wire is

where is the angle between the direction of the current

and the magnetic field.
B= F/I *length
1T= 1N/A*m

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EXAMPLE 33.13 Magnetic Levitation

QUESTION:

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in this type of ex ques will not give you every value so evntually you
need to somehow cross out the unknown using other eq

EXAMPLE 33.13 Magnetic Levitation

The length (which is not given) can be cancelled since I*l*b and in density(pie*r^2*l)g
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EXAMPLE 33.13 Magnetic Levitation

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Magnetic Field of the Earth

there are slight differences in the location of magnetic and geographical p

Magnetism of Earth
the origin of the poles is the molten iron core in
middle of Earth in which the iron gets polarized
forming a charge

Mysteries
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Magnetic Properties of Materials

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is what happens in atomic level

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Magnetic Field of Elementary Particles

arrows are associated to magnetic fieldmagnetic moment from S to N
this si what cause the atoms to have magnetic properties
e orbiting- moving charge that creates a loop creating magnetic field of the loop(b4 slide)orbital magnetic moment
nucleus- the protons and neutrons inside are rotating creating circular motion (loop current)

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Paramagnetics and Ferromagnetics

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Magnetic Domains

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Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Paul Lauterbur
(1929-2007)
He shared the 2003 Nobel prize for physiology or medicine with Sir Peter Mansfield

MRI - How it Works

How dangerous are magnetic
items near an MRI magnet?

THE STRONGEST MAGNET

IN THE WORLD

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Chapter 33. Quiz

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1. Does the compass needle rotate clockwise

(cw), counterclockwise (ccw) or not at all?
A. Clockwise
B. Counterclockwise
C. Not at all

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Does the compass needle rotate clockwise

(cw), counterclockwise (ccw) or not at all?
A. Clockwise
B. Counterclockwise
C. Not at all

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2. The magnetic field at the position P points

A. Into the page.
B. Up.
C. Down.
D. Out of the page.

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The magnetic field at the position P points

A. Into the page.
B. Up.
C. Down.
D. Out of the page.

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3. The positive charge is

moving straight out of the
page. What is the direction
of the magnetic field at the
position of the dot?

A. Left
B. Right
C. Down
D. Up

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4. What is the current

direction in this loop?
And which side of the
loop is the north pole?
A. Current counterclockwise, north pole on bottom
B. Current clockwise; north pole on bottom
C. Current counterclockwise, north pole on top
D. Current clockwise; north pole on top

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5. An electron moves perpendicular to a

magnetic field. What is the direction
of B ?
A. Left
B. Into the page
C. Out of the page
D. Up
E. Down

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6. What is the current direction in the loop?

A. Out of the page at the top of the

loop, into the page at the bottom.
B. Out of the page at the bottom of the
loop, into the page at the top.
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