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Review Question:
Agenda:
Case Study
CHAPTER 6
Review Question:
Agenda:
Body Tube
Nosepiece
Objectives
Ocular lens
(Eyepiece)
Arm
Stage
Stage Clips
Diaphragm
Light
Whats my power?
To calculate the power of magnification, multiply the power of the
ocular lens by the power of the objective.
Coarse Adjustment
Fine Adjustment
Base
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Step 1. Stage at lowest position and objective on the red (4x). This is storing position!
Step 2: Use coarse objective to focus image.
Step 3: Turn to yellow (10x) objective. DO NOT TOUCH THE COARSE ADJUSTMENT.
Step 4: Use FINE ADJUSTMENT to focus image.
Step 5: Carefully turn to blue (40x) objective. DO NOT TOUCH THE COARSE ADJUSTMENT.
Step 6: Use FINE ADJUSTMENT to focus image. 40x objective may not fit, dont force it.
TIPS:
1. Go through all of the steps and dont see anything? Start over from the beginning!
2. DO NOT use the coarse adjustment on any objective except the RED 4x objective.
A. Chloroplast
B. Cell wall made of cellulose
C. Central Vacuole
D. Mitochondrion
E. Centriole
Agenda:
A few notes
Baggie Cells
Cell Race
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2 TYPES OF CELLS:
1. Prokaryotes: Domain Bacteria &
Archaea
2. Eukaryotes (Domain Eukarya):
Protists, Fungi, Plants, Animals
true
No
kernel
nucleus
DNA in a nucleoid
Cytosol
No organelles other
than ribosomes
Small size
Primitive
i.e. Bacteria & Archaea
Has
Cells
kernel
nucleus and nuclear
envelope
Cytosol
Membrane-bound
organelles with
specialized
structure/function
Much larger in size
More complex
i.e. plant/animal cell
NUCLEUS
Function: control center of cell
Contains DNA
Surrounded by double membrane (nuclear envelope)
Continuous with the rough ER
Nuclear pores: control what enters/leaves nucleus
Chromatin: complex of DNA + proteins; makes up
chromosomes
Nucleolus: region where ribosomal subunits are
formed
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NUCLEUS
Contains DNA
Function: control center of cell
Surrounded by double membrane (nuclear envelope)
Continuous with the rough ER
Nuclear pores: control what enters/leaves nucleus
Chromatin: complex of DNA + proteins; makes up
chromosomes
Nucleolus: region where ribosomal subunits are
formed
RIBOSOMES
Function: protein synthesis
Composed of rRNA + protein
Large subunit + small subunit
Types:
1. Free ribosomes: float in cytosol, produce
proteins used within cell
2. Bound ribosomes: attached to ER, make
proteins for export from cell
ENDOMEMBRANE SYSTEM:
Regulates protein traffic & performs
metabolic functions
GOLGI APPARATUS
Function: synthesis & packaging of materials (small
molecules) for transport (in vesicles); produce lysosomes
Series of flattened membrane sacs (cisternae)
Cis face: receives vesicles
Trans face: ships vesicles
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LYSOSOMES
Function: intracellular digestion; recycle cells
materials; programmed cell death (apoptosis)
Contains hydrolytic enzymes
VACUOLES
Function: storage of materials (food, water, minerals,
pigments, poisons)
Membrane-bound vesicles
Eg. food vacuoles, contractile vacuoles
Plants: large central vacuole -- stores water, ions
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MITOCHONDRIA
Function: site of cellular respiration
Double membrane: outer and inner membrane
Cristae: folds of inner membrane; contains enzymes
for ATP production; increased surface area to ATP
made
Matrix: fluid-filled inner compartment
CHLOROPLASTS
ENDOSYMBIONT THEORY
PEROXISOMES
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Agenda:
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PLANT CELLS
Plant Cells Only
Central vacuoles
Lysosomes
Chloroplasts
Centrioles
Flagella, cilia
Plasmodesmata