INSTITUTE OF GRADUATE STUDIES AND RESEARCH

Manuel S. Enverga University Foundation

AN AUTONOMOUS UNIVERSITY
Lucena City
____________________________________________________
Name: _Brian Paul S.
Ragudo__________________________Score/Rating:____________________
Exercise 5. Writing Data Commentary. Based on the following graph and
table, write a data commentary by applying the basic principles
learned in class.

Figure 1. Filipinos attitude toward homosexuality.

Figure 1 shows Filipinos attitude towards homosexuality from year 1973 to 2008. As can
be seen, Filipinos negative perception is decreasing while positive attitude is somehow
increasing in numbers. However, nearly 1-out-of-ten is still undecided on their stand towards
homosexuality. Acceptance and disapproval of homosexuality varied and have consistently
found correlates with various demographic, psychological, and social variables. Studies have
found that heterosexuals with positive attitudes towards homosexuality are more likely to be
female, white, young, non-religious, well-educated, politically liberal or moderate, and have
close personal contact without homosexuals. They are also more likely to have positive attitudes
towards other minority groups and are less likely to support traditional gender roles. Several
studies have also suggested that heterosexual females' attitudes towards gay men are similar to
those towards lesbians and some have found that heterosexual males have a more positive
attitude toward lesbians.
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INSTITUTE OF GRADUATE STUDIES AND RESEARCH

Manuel S. Enverga University Foundation
AN AUTONOMOUS UNIVERSITY
Lucena City
____________________________________________________
Name: _Brian Paul S.
Ragudo__________________________Score/Rating:____________________
Table 1

PNP Firearms Crime Statistics

Year

Total
incidents

Total firearms
(FA) used

Involving
licensed FA

Involving
loose FA

2010

5779

6075

40

6035

2009

4711

4894

27

4867

2008

3303

3489

16

3473

Source: Firearms and Explosives Office (FEO) via newsbreak.ph. The FEO's figures
cover the period in each year between 1 Jan and 30 Sep. There was no explanation
given as to why the figures for Oct to Dec was not included.

The results obtained from the PNP firearms crime statistics, involving both licensed and
loose firearm three-quarters from year 2008 to 2010 are shown in Table 1. As can be seen from
the table above, almost 99% of the gun-related incidents in the first three-quarter of the year
were committed with use of unlicensed firearms, posing a big question mark on the police
capability to account for loose firearms. This increasing number of incidents parallel to involving
loose firearm is quite alarming. The PNP should be aggressively conducting virtually all types of
operations to account loose guns that police intelligence community has monitored including
guns with expired licenses, which the PNP already categorizes as loose firearm, and those that
have not been registered at all. The PNP also made significant gains in the campaign against
loose firearms, wherein policemen would visit delinquent gun owners in their arms to remind
and warn them of not renewing the licenses of their guns.

AW Academic Writing for Graduate Students

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INSTITUTE OF GRADUATE STUDIES AND RESEARCH

Manuel S. Enverga University Foundation
AN AUTONOMOUS UNIVERSITY
Lucena City
____________________________________________________
Name: _Brian Paul S.
Ragudo__________________________Score/Rating:____________________

Figure 1A presents the cigarette smoking trends among 12th-graders in the U.S. from
1977 to 2011 based on the race/ethnicity. As can be seen, trend data from the YRBS showed a
sharper drop (40% decline) in cigarette smoking prevalence in high school students between
1997-2003 (from 36.4% to 22.0%). However, between 2003-2011, the percentage decline was
about half as much (an 18% drop, from 22.0% to 18.1%). Similar findings were observed based
on the University of Michigans Monitoring the Future survey results. Cigarette smoking varies
by race/ethnicity among 12th graders, with prevalence being highest among non-Hispanic
whites, followed by Hispanics/Latinos, and the lowest among African Americans. The
prevalence of current smoking among middle school students overall did not significantly change
from 2009 (5.2%) to 2011 (4.3%). The slowed decline in youth smoking since 2003 may be
related to declines in funding for comprehensive tobacco control programs and increases in
tobacco industry expenditures on marketing and promotions, including extensive industry price
discounting to offset increases in retail cigarette prices. A comprehensive strategy that includes
evidence-based tobacco control strategies (e.g., increased cigarette excise taxes, restrictions on
smoking in public places, and counter-advertising campaigns) along with effective
implementation of the US Food and Drug Administration regulations, including restrictions on
certain forms of tobacco advertising and promotions that appeal to youth, is needed to further
reduce youth smoking prevalence.

AW Academic Writing for Graduate Students

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INSTITUTE OF GRADUATE STUDIES AND RESEARCH

Manuel S. Enverga University Foundation
AN AUTONOMOUS UNIVERSITY
Lucena City
____________________________________________________
Name: _Brian Paul S.
Ragudo__________________________Score/Rating:____________________

Table 1 shows the potential benefit of reduced in-room time per patient using hypo
fractionation. As can be seen from the table above, SBRT remains highly efficient in comparison
to conventional radical lung treatments by nature of the reduced fractionation required, as well as
from benefits of improved local control and increased disease free survival. It is very likely
however that with experience these values, particular those concerned with the outlining and
planning stages will decrease. From the evidence collected from this first questionnaire, it is
evident that a growing number of UK departments have programmes to implement stereotactic
body radiotherapy for a number of sites. The early implementers have also demonstrated that that
this can be achieved using equipment that is in common usage and widely available, providing of
course that IGRT techniques for improving accuracy are adopted for verification.

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