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MYSTERIES OF THE
UNKNOWN
Mysterious Creatures
CONTOIS
A
Essay
CHAPTER
Essay
Essay
Beasts in
Human Form
52
CHAPTER
Essay
An
Congo
91
CHAPTER
In Pursuit of Bigfoof
and
^5
Essay
Acknowledgments
138
Bibliography
138
Picture Credits
139
Index
140
Yell
leal or
human imagination.
may seem, it is generally believed
that they were based loosely on actual beasts some of which
were themselves known only through the reports of travelers and
ing as vivid testimony to the
vention that
was
said to live in
some
griffin,
a medieval in-
distant country,
is
a fanciful
amalgam of the lion and the eagle. More than one fictitious monster was modeled after the snake, an animal long equated with evil
in Western civilization. Almost certainly, the snake was the basis
onto which bat's wings
appear to have been grafted. Scholars have further speculated that the remains of extinct animals, such as those
of woolly mammoths and cave bears, might have inspired the crefor the fire-breathing dragon, a creature
and
lizard's limbs
is
a mystery, so
is
were
civilization's
innermost
fears
and
represent
a
way
to
convenient
a
fantasies or a means of explaining natural phenomena for which
the motivation for conjuring up such creatures. Perhaps they
were no obvious causes. Portraits of some of those extraordinary beings of myth and legend appear on the following pages.
there
their
*t it
first
.1
'
fanu
hero
1?
whose
victory
was seen
were
evil;
ll()n
prowl the jungles of India, the fearsome manticore had the body
of
lhc l,a
^ the stinging tail of a scorpion. Its huge jaws, however,
iey held three rows of razor-sharp teeth,
miqu
upper and lower, that
1
to
llk(
,rl >'
>mb when the beast closed its mouth. The teeth could
and the manticore was said to relish feasting on
rous from afar as well. With its strangely segmented
an )
>uld
ns,
lire-
lethal
much
as a hundred
feet.
all
serpent, pai
the time thai Siriu
a thick
membrane, and
nin
scorch
A*
;ly,
<in\
metimes
was wise
to carry a mirror.
swamps and
was
grotesque creature with at least seven independent heads the center one of which
was immortal and an alarming ability to grow more. For every head that was
lopped off by an adversary, the hydra grew two in its place. But this hideous beast
was finally destroyed by Hercules, who buried the immortal head under a rock
and burned off the others. The ancient Greeks probably got their inspiration for the
mythical hydra from the octopus, which can regenerate lost tentacles.
'3
beasts.
-
agle's
and
It
hall
le,
and
tail
hut
was
head
was thought
to dwell in
powerful
vas said to
ith
Y tu
the griffin
'-
h.,
thor.
Sometinn
was
far
of a lion but
was
either of those
it had
hundred times stronger. This bizarre creature
the mountains, from which it swooped down on its
ist could carry back to its nest a horse and rider-it
appetite for both -or even a pair of oxen
^rif'li
themselves used for transport by the gods;
-.1
the chariot that bore Nemesis, the ancient Greeks' dreaded goddess of vengeance,
was
frequently
drawn by
were
griffins.
all
costs.
humans were
was so powerful that parts
Naturally enough,
But
it
well
of
its
body
sought after were its claws, the size of oxen horns, which were said to darken at the
merest touch of poison. During the Middle Ages, antelope horns or the
tusks of extinct
mammoths were
claws.
CHAPTER
was hard
California,
Highway
work on a
at
Beneath them lay the sandy expanse of Stinson Beach and the
away from
turned
his post
two
o'clock, a
to sea:
very large and very strange speeding through the water toward the shore.
ulars
Up
to then, the
look.
most interesting
an occasional nude sunbather on the beach below. But now, through the
Ratto observed a gigantic, dark animal just a quarter of a mile
field glasses,
away from
On an
coils.
vantage point.
his bird's-eye
before a hundred
It
what looked,
at
total
it
reversed
swam back
head, and
Bjora,
were
tions
its
named
To
hour.
driver
like
humps
or
submerging
was
feet
who saw
be a sea serpent.
its
its
and
its
speed
an
eel.
of five workers viewed the spectacle that day, and their descrip-
in
According to her daughter, however, Martin had indeed observed the creature
it
to her family as a
that
it
was
first
him
in less
that
than a
let
the
tnesses present,
vinced
it
was
fie
was con-
past.
be
real.
Three days
Beach
sighting, a
group of
it
it
was "too
to
the
fails to
con-
first
guiled
dawn
and repelled by
hidden animals,
was just as
is
may
nothing about."
we know
A monster
to
As one
there that
all
tales of legendary
known
monsters large,
imagination of poets,
clerics,
ed their
to
at-
human
the earth's
may have
and
seas, rivers
The
lakes,
vast, largely
mountains and
forests.
sun; others suggested that the beasts might have been lines
fied
made
cy to zoological
Of course,
the others
it
is
failed to
sort of
recognize
it.
known phenome-
them
to see a
tific
phantom serpent
in
On
sa witnesses really
monster-even an
of these,
like
discovery.
rivers
and
later
every
fact.
Some
hallucina-
witnesses, causing
unidentified. Ancient
and
for the
bodies of
ests
17
like
hairy,
for-
hu-
world
is
underwater
this
tailed
maps
that
and most
have
difficult to
the
all
of the
many
little
be lurking
idea of
in the
what
life-forms
may
clues-many purely by
chance. Even the most gigantic of
yield
beasts, after
and
in
all,
man
estuaries.
light.
to the
and
air
erally, the
known
as cryptozoology,
lit-
Among
the
The
began
ture flopping
narrow and
seven percent of
all
only
for
underwater
territory
and the
flat,
mas
desertlike abyssal
serve
the
about 36,000
feet
is
And
rising
Smith
at
Rhodes
mountain
ean
winds
18
fish,
she
University, en-
volume of Christ-
it;
fish
mounted
in
order to pre-
il
J.
L. B.
plunges to
it
Marjory
museum
gullies,
was so unusual
to
wrote to Professor
Mindanao trench
owners presented
fish
ular, the
plain
to its discovery
land
1938,
December of
relatively
series of
in
lived
ery Latimeria
stantly creating a
named
right hands,
entific acclaim.
scientific
the
And
a special
specimen as the
boon
sea-monster
for
re-
searchers-for
Professor Smith,
community hailed
er,
the discov-
howev-
if
modern
rine creatures
this prehistoric
fish
do the same?
is
ridicule,
scientific reality.
topus,
identity as a
remains
its
conclu-
in the half-light of
quasi recognition.
Greek
pounds
for
arms
eyes, biol-
intact specimens.
fourteen years
later, the
pro-
A fisherman
feet of
lar
were
They called
This whale
it
tasty meal.
it
years'
income by the
who remembered
was
^%
the pro-
economic standards. So
men
that the
got
it
word
are
More
in
of the coelacanth
it
is
is
The
dual spouts.
19
tusks.
that
a wild
However,
annals of crypto-
from
ocean-
floor lairs.
established the
A creature with
more passive
their
subsequent discoveries.
In the
rarely leaving
for
and reclusive,
it
made
long,
important,
specialized tentacles,
internal organs.
islanders'
particularly
first
combine the
traits
known
thrown
characteristics of
in for
both-
good measure.
< V)
[1
mals thought
ago. Finds
to
made
century en-
named
field is
cryptozoology-literally,
A.
Ouwens
Komodo proved
when naturalist
As
mistic that
in less
it
is
sensational surprises
KgE*
;-
tt
crypto-
remain
opti-
unknown
on has a 100
feather
L
.
An unusual
in 1975.
animals
Paraguay
in
Indonesian island of
were found
aptly
-'
'
.,>
the
N
-t*
jT^ri
-'
_
f
Vf
.v
remote habitat
central equatorial
Africa's volcanic
"
J J! J 9
highlands protected
the shy, shaggycoated moun tain
/\
s
its
Homer,
who
the poet
tury
BC
who-despite her odd
In his
Scylla,
abundance of
or branches."
was
feet,
sured a
habit of yelping
pearing at
and
be a
to
full
The creature's
flexible
first
to
islands,
its
pus, she awaits her prey "hid in the depth of the cavern."
embodiment of
mythical
in
more
smooth ones
Medusa, another of Greek mythology's hideous monsters,
snakes
tively.
Medusa's
stare,
to stone, calls to
mind
enthralled
seemed
was he by
how he was
one dramatic
Montfort
igrated,
and
enormous
much
to their
mentioned
in
a manuscript around
AD
to
consecrate the
new
land.
it,
in
he
left,
iKit.
and
lull
humans and
was with
luck
to
days
in
poverty
In
1847 he delivered a
the woolly
he
in 1853.
At
last, in
1857, he
was
of arms,
22
able to pub-
lish
ture
was named.
Although the giant squid had acquired an
hop of Ber-
ts
his
street in Paris.
of early
:'
on a
When
rs. In
ists.
was
Kraken, was
rkonsi
cit-
illustrations
only
choice of material,
and presenting
many centuries.
One particularly imaginative Norse tale was of a bish0p who spotted an island he had never seen before and had
his men row him there. He put ashore and celebrated an
Masi
back
Denys de
that
entire
to set
it.
in his
more
In
did
in
work
literally
cephalopod emerged,
in the
to concentrate in their
was undiscriminating
almost hypnotized, so
the creature's
fas-
In
Denys de Montfort,
both oc-
naturalist Pierre
of writhing
in
The French
official title,
some
came
1861
scientists
continued to question
its
existence.
Then
On November
30,
Teneriffe, in the
Canary
Islands.
no
managed
and
to
harpoon
it
avail. After a
slip
tail fell
back
consul and
made an
official report to
His
it.
When
tail
all
the navy.
of Sciences.
Some
turned up
unknown
gan
to die
fish bait,
The
reasons, a large
number
its
an ebb
tide.
keep
it
it
to shore,
it
wa-
the disabled
where they
tied
its
thirty-
it
it
ter to a
men hacked
was examined by
feet.
it
up
for
a local clergy-
Boston newspaper.
size
approached only
across,
to a tree to
Its
A month
that there
they
1870s so
Stephen
French
much evidence
in the
2,
to discover
it
but
unconvinced, but
On November
saw
was
Academy
1878.
in
when
ters of
the Alecton
to the
Newfoundland,
men
However,
broke apart;
it
later a
it.
a rope around
Tickle,
evidence
is
unclear,
share.
grow
at the
in
in
the case of
its
we may
never
be able to determine which if any of the Krakensquid tales and sightings actually involved octopuses. The fact remains that, to date, the entire
its
950s,
and yet
if.
on November
30,
1896,
when
Augustine, Flori-
St.
da,
came upon
ied,
Witt
a partially bur-
was a
The ex-
giant octopus.
and eighteen
feet
Webb wrote
entists
about the
to several scifind,
and one
E. Verrill.
Without actually
sis
named Octopus
giganteus.
By
then, after
examining tissue
Verrill
officially
any
changed
his
mind yet
when
or squid but
of
one day
Forrest Glen
of Florida,
at
ters.
Washington
point
Jr.,
He then discovered
Wood
still
cell biologist
friend,
known
was
known whale
P.
Mackal, a bio-
and
Augustine monster
nored by
let-
was an
octopus.
many
authorities,
Wood and
ig-
istitution in
F.
St.
issue. At this
Joseph
Gennaro found
Marineland
articles,
I
first,
1957,
in
all.
St.
be
light,
structural differences.
again, re-
tissue to
squid. At
cellular structure at
der polarized
haul
to
in the
Island,
Gennaro,
tions to depths of
iorida.
200
feet
25
have
failed to turn
up any
evi-
ster
they
and the
As portrayed
To some
to Greenland,
prospects.
If
have
sea serpent
in
it
was
The
er
above or devour
it.
first
tle
of Greenland.
an intense interest
accept
the
as the Apos-
detail,
cellent witness.
known
tail
have a
it
it
seemed
thrill.
was
to
be a description meant to
in-
at face value.
August 6 and 23 of
in natural history,
long, pointed
In the early
had a
paws and a
to
of testimony.
the
body."
it
However, dur-
Age of Enlightenment-a
and
in the quality
of the
long.
to scientific exile.
animal's head reached the top of the mast, but did not tow-
Probably the
subsequent
his
was
no archetypal,
these once-mythical
and
was remarkable
matter-of-fact tone.
Bermuda.
on a 1734 voyage
in
26
A Monstrous s^
gest
^T * in Jh
ne
***,
,.;.
*"jat made
its
1m> ia " ee
Kespect aj,lc
n "d Wand,
dv ,["" P.
KK
S V
"
, ,
.
;"
Astern Point
,,r>en * cen
bdSS'hJ 5?
lions
Hart our
Citi ZCUs .
He
G1
'"
W,
Cape
Wm.
are
so
'
>y 1'undred, of p
100
'
fool
li-
* &ifc#.1^^^
tar
M
1
" ,,,e
neal, a* lar-je
as Hie )i,4i /.-
^^> *-&
like ,.
fl
'l of Water
Bnd is pa H K- ,,";?:
H'
ft be
f
n net ronr.
casta.
*
b"
>>an
!,
?erpeni,
"
that
.1
,,
disttL m! *"* a
affijlT
ns ""'fv
1Vs
l;u
^ h " feet?
len
'
ui,,,i "
'
,,a, 1
'
" hi te
w
lyS
3u rec
ami
His back
made, ,rkho,,t
is
li
me
inlo (he
after l,i
upon
[
a verv
^asfirsl
bvSE
e^&boUoy"dt'
*,
then
Ca
/rAn,2" Harbour
!
dj
W *g*
b,
'ensftb,
ib
em
re n
even
-,-l (
27
"''
feet
.I
i s)le .
Dn ns>>'n-Slrcct.
a slrint
eastnnS^waier
adcntur0( t, = a jlo
ri
e ""niediafeiv
n ,tr
.,!
aml J*
'
0MPPearcd for.
,
J,
D,
S lrt
;'
ll''
T
" f " ,n *,
affonl
CeS,er
Sla,,?
ofle^"r ""W'lnde
"' oulb'
Boston
number of
fc
" " r1
I
.,
'* ,l]cr
'
-Aug. 23, )]
7
*
?
S^H-
and as bfe ,o
PPen an enorn,o
B sed
th
numerous shoal rf
appeared ft
before been
/];.
soS
.,.,.
aft^pJungcd
fbnrt
,'i
a." lJ
b/aclb
'/;
f
I
|
abo "
'T'
P"rt black
hi >(,;"?'*resembles
Weaw
buoys on
g*
,n lentil,.
'
'
,!,i
"
Uian bad
as 'SO feci
Tbey '
>
(ha!
b"
and are of
opinion
;,,
the American
schooner Sally on December 1 7, 1819.
The attack, which allegedly took place off
Long Island, was one of several brushes
with sea monsters reported by Americans
that year. Most involved a beast
said to have between thirteen and fifteen
"bunches, " or humps, on its back.
time skepticism
had come
all
On August
14 alone, the
monster appeared
among them
The
It
sank
would
attack. Instead,
like a stone,
craft,
Europe
and
men
phis
throat
its
and
belly.
It
a caterpillar,"
twenty and
thirty
it
bor episode
long-and
cally, "like
at
it,
then christened
Humped
it
Sco-
Snake, publishing a
Charles-
was
just
what
it
community had a
was huge-at
little
ternational scientific
Gaffney later
dissected
delighted
in
con-
it
back.
and surfaced on
was
its
simply
it
sandy
off the
on and half
half
lent
hit
it
eggs ever turned up, but two boys found a three-foot crea-
ship's carpenter,
must have
group
to a
the head.
to lay
verti-
between
Canada, but
it
New
England and
New
Justice of the
tionnaire
error.
and took
number
been
Information
the creature
Some
in es-
public.
moved by undulating
it
Modem
vertically.
the water,
it
down
iware
<>i
The
th<
in per-
on serious
scientific
endeavor,
to
resembled
ful
of the
ster monster
sea-serpent skeleton
indulate ver-
n<
il
were indulging
named
nal
their perpetrators
or attempting to cash in
turtle-
authorities agr<
Whether
in
30).
thai the
id
that
it
28
But
in
British
29
845,
New
examine a
for
14-foot-
educated anatomist
Jeffries
Wyman
and went on
Koch's wonder
that
it
teeth
tic
of
was
its
enough
to
an expert eye.
Angrily denying Wyman 's conclusion, Koch packed up his serpent and
took it to his native Europe, where he
fool
mounted
announced
among European
mammals
demonstrate that
was
In 1847, the
to
actually a
all.
Anatomical Museum.
6,
of
Good Hope,
when
Cape
wrote a detailed
a mid-
He immediately informed
demanded
official report,
full
London
Times, the
M'Quhae
account.
in the
and
fairly typical,
was
M'Quhae and
a good view of
the vessel.
what they
all
serpent.
to
be only about
Its
color
some
sort of
mane,
like
a bunch of seaweed, on
it
it
any other
visible
ated from
its
When
feet
it
held
its
had
raged
back.
in the
press for
Implicit in every
tations
were
serpentlike
time.
home
to
Plymouth and
31
And
if
their repu-
and ordinary
travelers
were
back on
course.
fell
some
choice but to
their mistaken-identity
of propulsion. "Appar-
little
means
commanded
was
tion -nor
ently
at
its
unique.
the world,
no trained
scientist
ways brought
in
when two
1905,
London Zoological
many
On December
aboard the
when Meade-Waldo
J.
Nicoll
were cruising
E.
upon
its
have forever
It
many-or
told of
lost
when
how many
ac-
much sun
a sea serpent.
impossible to estimate
is
al-
after
G. B.
off Para-
in the
ridicule
whom
frill"
of
ed a sighting.
marine creature
hiba, Brazil,
exceptions.
officer of the
in his
cabin
is
to look at
when
to the bridge to
the
view a
reported, a
The
visible p<
>rti<
>n
was seven
serpent," he explained,
warranted
to eight feet
liar all
my
"I
said that
life."
was
about the
the
ish
underneath
ted
Nicoll's
account
ol
the beast
was
mammal,
sion w.is ol a
thai tie
itrn
monstei sightings
Wal
at the
and
it
is likely,
and the
(.litter
say
may
stay
teadiiy
nd
like
markedly from
thi
although
m Meade
No longer
Main
to taper off.
Meade-
similar to
unknown
nkoH
the
32
usually
plow across
[the sea]
it
is
is
nothing to see
Then
far
scriptions
were so consistent
men were
some
pecially hospitable to
modern monsters.
that
wonder whether
In addition to the
this
was
sighted
Man,
times in the
American big-game
anyone
to
else
fish story of
them
all,
until their
At
warm
this creature
look at
members
of the
Tuna
it.
As described
in
in
the
melded
interviewed separately
all.
many
the Old
all
had talked
the club
its
mented,
out
For
that
its
a long, thick,
Club,
seaweed or coarse
hair;
eyes.
were
ter.
water and
diame-
in
ing straight
viewed only
down. Having
its head and
he judged the
some
33
waves
it
move, as
to
De Jong
surface.
at first thought
it
was
trunk, but
During World War II, most mariners were more concerned with enemy vessels than with sea serpents, and the
creatures seem to have dropped out of sight for the duration
of hostilities.
ones
quiet
The
for
were also
this
was some
like
sort of
a giant tadpole
some
still
relatively
it
but disappeared
all
it
five-
fill-
foot-long
all,
back and could more clearly see the broad head, which
ers
Most people,
if
it
Clara,
frightened.
Since
officers
ish
left
all
it
three
at the creature
had
and
at the time,
it.
in the
men
to
ing that
ves-
less, the
closer, noting
two whitreg-
if it
did
move,
it
fear-
feet wide.
still
men decided to dive for a better look, the photographer armed with an underwater camera and his
with a head two feet across and five feet in length and a
an
In
inert,
cylindrical
to shore in
ularly
remained
it
when
severely.
little
became extremely
rifle.
it
had
appeared, and the divers could not get a clear view until
Once more, reputable eyewitnesses had given a deseemed consistent with previous,
It
was
truly
similar testimony But until the 1960s, the only evidence for
to
who
Then,
in
said they
h photographer
first
named
real
said,
sti iry
hi',
his
at
hand.
wile
BU
l^tloni
hi
December
12,
How waters
of
its
to turn slowly
for a short
photographer kept
made
it
swim
mend,
(ff|
was
their es .ape.
On
age, pecui
it
on filming
encounter occurred
n
be
he
to
According to Le Serrec's
lust oft
seemed
at close
the
February
stantly stirring
34
4,
mammal.
1965, Le Serrec released his story, in-
up worldwide
interest
35
(left)
saw
in 1976.
36
T.
In 1975, a
had
wildlife,
up
for
mor had
useless.
it
as Mary
ture
its
brown
that the
men were
afraid to
it
on
and
for
hind. Le Serrec
for bringing in
had reportedly
told
them
that
he
received a six-month
summoned
and
jail
Shiels's findings
named
naked
same
his color
in
in
up Morgawr by swimming
November of 1980, Shiels's
technique.
occasions-once,
when he
photographer's reliability and misquoting two expertsSanderson and a professor named Paul Budker-in support
al
up
sighting as a hoax.
Bay-a
in the
company
in 1976,
in
Among
leg-
the eyewitnesses
were Sheila
Bird,
Bird,
to
tury,
in
this
it
appeared once
on sever-
reportedly conjured
many people including bankers, an art historian, fishermen, and members of a British Broadcasting Corporation
film crew have testified to seeing Morgawr.
exposed the
self-
Amanda
call
re-
Match printed
have been
attempted unsuccessfully to
Paris
the negative
telepathy. In fact,
proclaimed witches
magazine
man, however,
tations
finally
The photograph
sightings.
he had an idea
When
can be
left
It
the
be-
he
moved
an elephant waving
whom
that
"like
his yacht
pic-
Febru-
fact
underwater.
He was wanted by
was
a snake's head."
like
humps
who
in
photographer
multiple
woman
on the end,
to consider
began, and
flurry of sightings
F.
was
virtually
new
who was
scatho,
cen-
was
when
a large,
On
Eric
jumped
author of
scientist Eric
the evening of
cliff
west of Port-
below
humps. Morgawr
is
small for
to
it
be
more
indicates a monster
than twice that length.
had
its
ings,
and not
just
on the
Cali-
tourists
re-
Island
Vancouver
monster probably
the
sea ser-
British
Columbia oceanog-
From
and
sister
their
tail
was about
the
ish
same
tail
to
ueen
to
twenty
in
merged, dropping
and a half
le
was
to re:
its
head held
like a
rl
long
feet
b<
numerous
onslSte
',!
waited a month
creatu
of Klamath
Brit-
and
Falls,
woman
Oregon.
In
identi-
March of
sister-
and
newspapers on the
a
i
unreported sight-
scientists prepared a
.1-
to all the
As the witnesses
the sigh!
trued
all.
id
si
in
it
The
be
looked on
British
Columbia. The
were watching a
freight-
nre not
er in the channel,
'vide a
and
the "limb
36
closer to them.
some kind
scribed
floppy
it
is
that
its
and
raising of the
somehow
eluded
scientific detection.
The most
likely
claimed,
it
explanation of
living dinosaurs."
that
At
rarely
she reported,
first,
the creature
its
was watching
if
Then
it
became
creature, apparently
fearful
and started
The
to cry.
little
farther
neck and
was
it
ment was
It
seemed
it
was
obviously
to be.
to seventy feet.
first-
encompassed by
the study.
On
re-
is
harmless.
monster,
known
century.
in the
stardom of sorts
when
it
in
1982,
appeared
in a three-
On May
21 of that year,
were entertaining
The blue whale is the largest known animal.
at their
Frew and
and
their
ing from
his
a group of
the water as
39
first
camera and
it
moved
warn
the
shouts.
who
side of them.
it
surfaced,
it
Cryptozoologists
it
long and a
showed only part of its body
was hard
to
for
tologist
brown,
it
swam
even when
find real
who
to
it
visible
structure,
or mouth." Nevertheless,
Zug
reported,
all
swimming
in
to discern
Once
seemed
to
have eluded
technology's grasp. But there remained other bits of evito ponder, evidence provided
by the sea
itself.
Of
none was more astonishing or controversial
than the enormous carcass discovered on the rocks off the
these, perhaps
boat
his
fins,
or arms,
a row of ten-inch
it
lifted
the largest
was surrounded by
bristles.
later,
the carcass
washed onto
began
to
in earnest,
the
men
even
was around
blurry,
dence
one with
presumed
tists
had several
neck and
ter
was
it
eton
some
he discovered that
size.
it,
Society of Cryptozoology
was
like
size.
Robert Frew's
would
farmer
named John
Peace.
in his
rocks
first
a dead
was
he
tail,
bristly
mane, and
six
five
A group
of onlookers maintains
a prudent distance from a
who
later
41
artist
was
able to
Everard
Home
obtained
all
pert
Neill,
was
on the huge
fish
known
was just
that.
influ-
in the
"paws" were
tail,
bristly
and two
mane. The
Home
a fellow
member of the
society
Dr.
on
careful
of the
naturalist
named
any
taken
correct they
may have
Mam in
men had
dismissed as
measurements.
However
John Barclay,
Eventually, a
known basking
six
Neill
De-
1977 was photographed (below) and sketched (opposite) before the captain
ordered the intriguing but nasty catch thrown overboard. The
long-necked creature weighed about 4,000 pounds.
terattack-revealing even
the
most correct
ued
for years,
that the
Home was
modem
was
as well.
fit,
One
to this day.
some
experts believe
species
is
known
to
may
have
authorities,
The
All the
was
many
said. "It
seems
to
show
may
fish,
whale or any
zumi
In fact,
may
mammal."
other
other
car-
Still,
The
tilaginous skeleton
details
have survived
a sea serpent.
Most
possibly
was
human
was a
beings," Imai-
all. It's
if
to
oarfish.
sharks, whales, or
likelihood a relatively
For
Mam,
,000 feet,
in its nets.
Hauling
it
Zealand,
tists
tail
and four
flippers.
fresh fish.
came
In
make
classify
many
scien-
gaged
fit
in the
all
this
43
investigators en-
And
exist.
oozing out onto the deck were even more impressive to the
who
and
do
men,
fine, explain,
to dis-
neck and
up from a
all
a Japanese
New
in all
an exotic plesiosaur.
On
common
does a
eel
jellyfish.
Neither do
speed and
quent use of the term sea serpent persists merely for the
phenomena
sake of tradition
The
to at least
most applaud
classi-
Over
serpentine in
some
unknown
sea-animals,
supposed
But even
Some
some
experts, including
at
planation
is
monstrous-looking serpentine
glodon, or primitive
whose remains
whale-a supposedly
a zeu-
extinct creature
member
may be
Still
may
it
One
at least the
Biosaur, as
is
was proposed
in
modern
II
dis-
Urut
that swall.
m. st
'V sloVi
n
thlr
iuld
not
he plesiolOt
tle\i
the
an oarfish-a
with
to lengths of
The debate,
too,
seems
likely to
continue-between
demanding
man
to
has
who
and
that
error or
will
bad
may pass
for sufficient
proof
in
"We
a court
of law might not satisfy the criteria of incontrovertible scienti ic proof: the
body
is still
missing."
is
come
by:
Suboceanic
re
really
cli-
in a vertical
not
ibed as re-
is
sight-
some
for
be unable to undulate
still
account
tral fins.
to
if
back
would
pent
it
fications, but
ilar to
although
be a
this day,
least
and convenience.
rors,
serpents. Indeed,
'i
their
ii
all
habitants are
still
many
mariners began returning from their voyages with tales of malevolent creatures that inhabit the deep, sea monsters have lurked in the human
And one
first
seems to concenform the terrors of the watery world the giant squid.
This behemoth's great cylindrical body and huge round eyes,
eight snakelike arms, and pair of far-reaching tentacles have frequently been described in art and literature. Pottery from ancient
Greece depicts giant squid attacking fishing boats; Japanese woodcuts show the fearsome creatures battling whales. Aristotle and
Pliny both wrote of huge squid. In Norway, the beast called the
consciousness.
creature in particular
trate in its
Kraken seemed
to
combine
Even though sightings were frequent and the observations remarkably similar, the giant squid was still considered a mythical
sea monster until the 1 870s. Then, for reasons scientists were at a
loss to explain, no less than a dozen of the tentacled creatures
were reported in Newfoundland. Most were found stranded on the
shores, and few of them were identified or examined by experts.
But one chance encounter in 1 873 provided three hapless fishermen and the scientific community with proof of what generations
of seafarers had known all along that the giant squid not only
existed but could be a mortal threat. The harrowing story of those
fishermen and their furious battle with a monster from the sea appears on the following pages.
.*
"^^^ff
RKM
ai>^>
\^
was
just before
dawn on
air was
harbor at
southeastern
tip
of the island of
with fog.
heavy woolen
sweaters and oilskins, were
warmly
in
Soon the
fishermen noticed what they
Bay
thought
was
a raft of seaweed.
******
shapeless mass
what
it
seemed.
was not
at all
slick
in color.
of
some sea
One
men poked at
mound with a boat
of the
the strange
pair
wrapped
its
prey in the
SSI
IB
rapping a sinuous
arm
clouds of inky
fluid.
still
clinging to the
in port, the
The
portion of
its total
length,
was
before
it
could be measured.
-."
^IMfti
Beasts in
Human Form
If tales and
legends can be credited, the world of
animal hybrids.
Many
Some
believe that
^^^
j^^B
for
Still
others
fertile
may
Ufa
aginations.
Imaginations.
900
world
'"'
A sampling
ol
arii
theii
lent
strange and
mon-
pears
):
*Y*
Vt
^.-4'
.
A,
amm
.1
thr b
'-
rgymen
retty
voluptuous mermaid
enchants a young man in
this painting from the
mid- 1800s. Mermaids
55
BC depicts
god
On
o/N<
Pharaoh Ramses
II.
tomb
y <*
A winged, hawk-headed
man clutching a bag in
hand graces an ear
ornament from ancient
Peru. The figure is
thought to be a courier
garbed as a bird or a
his
representation of a god.
As shown in this
statue from about 570 BC,
the creature had the body of
a lion, the wings of an
eagle, and a woman's head.
riddles.
about 900
BC, was said to be a
benevolent guardian. But
relieffrom
genies
59
CHAPTER 2
IheQuesHorNessie
deep
estled
forests
in the Scottish
and
Loch Ness
fields,
is
miles,
and
700
modest twenty-four
the third-largest
its
in
And
Europe.
it
is
by
all
Among
was
said to reside.
is
Hugh Ayton,
a farmer
who
in
1963
land that bordered the lake near the village of Dores. Ayton, his
tilling
is
when
the son
men were
still
working
stared
Ayton
later.
"The loch
at 7:30
Suddenly, the
Loch Ness
down
to a
lore,
men
and
nearby
in
jetty,
an
them jumped
down
details of
it.
overwhelmed
instant, curiosity
four of
into a small
it.
"and as we got
closer,
me
caution. Racing
rowboat equipped
we
still
coming
and flatter.
The body was made up of three low humps -about 30 to 40 feet long in all
and about four feet high. The color was dark and the skin looked rough."
rather of a horse, though bigger
when
it
"rose up a
little
fifty
and then
it
A few seconds
enormous
later,
the head
it
that
I'll
always remember," said Ayton, "was the eye-an oval-shaped eye near the
top of
its
head
I'll
or
who encountered
it.
when
Water
many
the
spirits
first
at us."
was
sighted
centuries. In 565
AD, the
Irish
part
missionary Saint
Columba
is
said to have
come
swimmer from
is
some townspeople
across
supposed
attack by
to
is
said to
policemen and
have approached
to within
fifty
L.
M. Synge,
who saw
at a time
marines into
its
its
gloomy reaches
One
inves-
warned
simply
spirits,
seems
on top of
helpless
rider
little
One
of the
its
back
first
to
be
called.
bit
its
is
said to
in 880, when a seasoned Loch Ness waterman named Duncan McDonald was examining a boat that
have occurred
to
bone, a
could take the form of a horse, galloping onto the land, enticing a child
was,
have
to scores of
some
books,
and mothers
in the lake.
when he
the
now
wreck
had sunk
the
swim-
feet of the
at
politicians,
it
man. Go back
groups of a
in
frog."
was not a
light hour,
ald
its
all
films
was scared
and
no closer
to solution
But that
ster in the
like
is in
monsters-
many
peoples in
many
lands.
3,000 re-
in
folklore of
Scottish
Q/e /y/|f
Mrs. B. Clark sketched a beast she claimed to have seen -and touched
-while swimming in Lake Okanagan, British Columbia, in 1974. Although it had a whalelike tail, Clark recalled, the dark-gray creature
was long and serpentine and appeared to undulate through the water.
Her description seemed to match the more than 200 previously
reported sightings of the monster locals have nicknamed Ogopogo.
Loch Morar,
in
fctr/of Atx*!^
Mon-
sters
in
to
home
New York
Champ, which
to
has been sighted more than 200 times and supposedly cap-
once on
tured
gan
is
man
And
film.
in British
first
actually
By
But the
first
of 1819,
when
creature with
its
1800s, interest in
io
p T
Barnum
Nothing
alive
Champ was
came
of
it
living in
Lake Champlain
vacation
in the .irea
and
New
the
at the time,
York though!
The
tops
old
nol to
rts
woman on
Ih.
N ni.ik.i
Vermont
mention an en-
to protect
;
which w
la
tradition oi monsti
tries
the
monster, dead or
tate legislatures of
rod
Champ.
ikes, including
i
Naitaka, or
non. So
ich thlr
swimming
behind him, attached to his canoe by ropes. Usually, MacDougall honored the Indian custom and tossed a small ani-
mal or two
in the
unseen began
under and would have dragged the canoe down, too, had
and paddled
for shore.
the
when
there
were repeated
was
rossed
first
was
offering
for
it
To be
sure,
it
\h
il
1977, however, a
In
for
is
lifting
1980s
ment to tourism
for the
sum
is
a long-necked
And by
fifteen feet
offered a large
summer
until the
ter
name.
and there
lakes
in
^^/T/f
Not everyone
nadian
was
to
B.
"I
She scrambled
lour feet
hump
of the
or coil which
was
in a
could see a
raft
and watched
and
forward motion,"
was
itself
along
like a giant
of destruction.
inchworm."
Champ
or an
Ogo-
And so
it is
to
that
capped the
either
left
until
well.
No
sooner had she removed the stone than she heard the child
cry out.
summer
for
many decades
finger of glacier
was
by a Druid
its
name.
In
lay
is
lies
their
valley.
lament
left
filled
the
air:
for the
Tha loch
name
'nis
mounannl
Ness.
in Scotland's
Great
two from
Fort
is
disease. But
minutes.
One moment
its
surface
is
as glassy as a mirror,
977, Sandra Mansi reportedly saw the head and neck of a strange creature
of Lake Champlain. She quickly snapped this now-famous photograph,
thought by some to reveal the lake monster known as Champ. Experts judged
the photograph genuine, but since Mansi 's negative was lost, skeptics have not ruled out a hoax.
In July
child
tale,
priest,
is
It
Ness
for
where
"There
earth's crust.
like
tains,
to her
63
^H
64
Its
'
>,.
view of Loch Ness, would seem a good place from which to observe Nessie,
the lake's famous monster. Yet five centuries of castle records contain
no mention of such a
65
creature.
see
will
its
dead.
it
it
And
whipped
in truth, the
it
that
temperature
so low
is
Two
ated
its
although she
was an
was
later,
in a
record. Conditions
were supposed
to
be
ideal:
huge
first
when
trout,
and
"I
salmon,
930,
when young
fishing off
were
the loch.
find a comfortable
rich in eels,
breeze-
flat,
The
Cobb
killed
is
fish.
came on
relative quiescence.
boating accident;
excellent
Twenty years
other
sinister reputation. In
in
end of the
relieved of the
would
Nevertheless, a creature
home
when
weight of glaciers.
at
deaths
Ian Milne
salmon
commotion 600 yards up
idly casting for
down
was 300 yards away, then swiftly
turned in a half circle and rushed away at a speed of about
fifteen knots or more. "The part of it we saw would be
about 20 feet long and it was standing three feet or so out of
the water. The wash it created caused our boat to rock violently," said Milne, and he solemnly concluded, "It was
without doubt a living creature, and can say that it was
from the major road along the northern shore, the view of
the water
or anything normal."
less
hit
Some
was
that runs
the foothills
Shf ires,
is
certainly struck
its
in
the road
opens up
on the fishermen
Cobb almost
the
at
it
among
on both
man
is
best
pi, in-
now
ls
from Which
.1
Canal,
one time a
tO
-l
is
it,
as the
"! the
great I
man
At
OH Urquhart Bay
tstie
number
deepest
fortress that,
century
it
ning panorama
.mil widest,
until
mj
.tut the
monster
first
ii
opened
is
>n in
controlled
rtrougri
.ire
1822,
the
the Caledo
not sufficient, as
numerous locks
i
ite
is al-
The sole
is
ing
thai
th.it
now too
monster from
its
underwater caverns,
better
66
may
well be
although
it
April
14,
Mr and
Mrs. John
Mackay, innkeepers
at
when
Mrs.
Mackay noticed that the serene surface of the loch had been shattered by a surging,
roiling mass of water. As she watched in astonishment, what seemed to be an enormous animal rolled and plunged about for almost a minute before disappearing in a
great gout of foam. The Mackays related this experience to Alex Campbell, a water
Caledonian Canal
bailiff
bell,
and also
who would
times himself,
Camp-
And soon
talk of the
monster was
and measuring
about twenty-
rip-
Mackays stood
ist
to gain
Mrs.
that
licity
and "sold
it
above our
ter,"
tour-
The
their path.
beast appeared
in
length crossed
feet
five
Hotel, the
to
be carrying a
small lamb or
.._.
similar animal
mouth,
in its
la-
Spicer said.
It
animal that
another instance
resi-
in
In
September, a
In
George Spicer,
London
to
It
about
seemed
neck that
side to
when suddenly
tail
a "loathsome"
it
They watched
in fascina-
creature with
a
swam
long neck
for
was
The
first
local,
Hugh
Gray,
his
fifth,
Caledonian Canal
67
at a
commotion
were
in the
light-
mid-November by a
in
camera
"It
it
was
"was very
hesitant to estimate
great"; he said that
smooth and
and of a dark-gray
glistening
was
who
declared that
it
story,
racing north to
for the
file
vivid accounts.
monster, dead or
Huge
prizes
were offered
little
was
windfall in souvenir
and chocolate
mon-
effigies.
Such
No
less a
for
Minister Sir
ed
in the
said to be so interest-
trip
north in
made
in
filet
tails
trimmed
in
gray fox.
search of relief from the grim events of the Great Depression, decided that 1933's brightest spot
by
far
was
the dis-
it
was
all
away from
parlors.
jMfc
head something
huge
eel.
snake or a
like a
twenty yards,
it
into
of
bounded
swiftly
noisily
sketch
the monster
enough
that
it
No sooner had
the
two commenced
enormous
footprints,
To
he
said.
began
only a few hours old, on the shore of the loch. The world
waited impatiently
Museum's pronounce-
ment. Finally the experts rendered their opinion: The footprints, they
To be
mus
precise, they
resident with
clear
foot, a Victorian
stuffed hippopota-
It
was never
tims of
it,
vic-
seemed
to
second land
sighting.
when he
presumably
reliable
young
was
veteri-
to
As the wave ofNessie sightings continued into 1934, the pubucityminded Bertram Mills Circus of London announced it would pay
20,000 for the live monster. Some optimistic souls quickly began
building cages, such as this thirty-five-ton steel model, for the beast.
cultural officer
dia, in
had
beasts,
known
as
bums
to the
live in
In 1948,
swamp
Apa
It
ologist
in
and
London
who
con-
recesses of the
swamp
ic
swamp became
a lake.
an exclusive story
the legendary
seemed
thirty tribespeople
in the
signment
about
holed up
in
Charles Stonor
the
generations.
word of
named
Daily
down
its
for his
employer,
Daily Mail
agri-
We
found
it
much
little
as an
more
Although the
men acknowledged
Izzard
that
Assam
ing tribes
began
until the
neighbor-
swamp
buru of
its
home and
driving the
it
could
In the
Himalayas of remote
northeast India, an
priest
70
impossible or was
seemed
all
to
was
numerous
and
for
of many
man named
for five
sightings
expressed interest
hunt and
in the
Rupert Gould,
retired
at various points
it
Mountain himself,
Gould,
all.
men
it?
the
posted the
size, the
But that
fit.
Ad-
produced by
his
found
way
had a strong
miralty in 1927,
trick.
curiosity about
the monster
an extraordi-
was sea
in,
Gould
even a large
November
1933, he
man
ical figure.
But he
was
fifty
giant of
who had
Loch Ness.
book on
the subject.
The Loch
sea serpent.
verdict,
Gould
mentation of Nessie.
popu-
tics
it
captured
fact
nanced the
Its
first
had recruited
core, they
for the
monster expedition
local
at
solemnly entered
Monster on
their
also the
taken April
19.
most
controversial. Skep-
photograph on
Moreover,
it
is
it
was
in
widow,
it
was
genuine.
Loch Ness.
men whom
is
Day although
close friend he
It
sometimes claim
April Fool's
pany millionaire
salmon. In the
in
When
something
by the zoolo-
indefatigable, cycling
salmon,
to get out.
otter.
in pursuit of
Arriving in Inverness in
in 1930.
As
ser-
its
rolls.
Sir
As World War
Edward
was
Scottish to the
And when
sightings
were reported
occupations as Watchers
II
largely forgotten.
Edward
it
many
furor of the
fore
and since
his involve-
Nes-
devoted his
life
to establish-
One evening
in
1959,
In 1947, for
manager named
C.
ture,
and a
Dear
Sir,
local
J.
should
Bank, Inverness,
From my viewpoint
Mr Forbes
actually
distinctly
saw them
C. Forbes,
J.
er of the National
in the
when
leap to safety
Managcon-
like to
loch
could
his friends
I
came
and
racing
up the loch
Might
whisky
amount
During
ster seriously
article
when he opened
mon-
who had
later recalled in
requii
e thing,
it.
But
interest,"
he
its
When he awoke, he
had found
realized that he
to
to
be the
first
Then
in April 1960,
than
fifty
trip
home
again more
all
was
to prove
most successful.
Dinsdale pursued the monster for six days. Rising near
Bme
h bet
in
ster Mrrscli
a housewife
home
a favorite magazine
as he read, he
was
faithfully,
familiar with
manager
ng
Whyte
<
III
nil
t.
iv
monster hunt-
most meticulous
the
<
an
whu
to
Yours
In
the monster.
grown
was spending
see
letter:
neer,
'ures
viewed people
who
to the
lens,
on a
his
tripod
more
to give up.
ngll
resl
When
he
one point
dawn,
in his car.
hill
when something
in the lake
and peered
ulars
Then
it
began
to
analyze the
mahogany
move. Dinsdale
Then he took
edge -only to
for four
from
it
swam
,300 to
member
Most
at
significantly,
Dinsdale, for his part, did not wait for official encour-
enough
for the
wa-
from 1960
two
would not be
in
for
in
May.
In fact,
he would average
in late 1987,
summer,
cruiser,
living
Water Horse,
and sleeping on
for
weeks
for the
at a time.
days
until his
visits to
entire
fully
was
,800
had disappeared.
film
it
minutes as
at distances of
wide and
film.
Intel-
it
seemed
in all
those years,
the
the
local residents.
For
much
ever, Dinsdale
pany
at
of that time,
how-
spired a host of
new
film in-
expeditions,
^^^fep^
^^
~>* v~*9
-
^^
^w
was
Ness Phenomena
Investigation
the Loch
at
is
dawn. Others
a floating log.
Lachlan Stuart said he photographed a threebeast in 1951; some call the picture a hoax.
humped
*7^
This
1934 image by
Adams seems
to reveal
F. C.
a fin
makes
analysis difficult.
MacNab photograph
In August I 969, a one-person submarine called Viperfish was fitted with sonar equipment
and biopsy harpoons intended to withdraw tissue samples from its targets. After the submarine made
several problem-plagued dives into Loch Ness, the project was abandoned.
best
driving force
known
at that
the second of
camp
the
during World
War
II.
In 1962,
of evidence that
verted. In
camera watch
to October.
and Norman
Scott)
and Richard
Fitter,
Collins,
production company.
Later that year, in
first
of
many
beamed army
IS
not,
more
in
salmon
oil
in heli-
and
foul-
still
ex-
By
searchlights
wa
H G Hasler,
sitiveiy
wh
Mmous
h.
nst
In
ii
crowded.
"Cockle-
In 1969, the
irships during
l.
to
j.
isten,
ideni
Vtpafish
in his
fire
ples.
nose
to
named
was hoped
hydroin
in
On
its first
submarine buried
to
blow
its
ballast to
extricate
itself.
conceded
tantly
and unwieldy
that the
to catch
Congo
up with Nessie.
at
seriously. In 1965,
London and
of big-city
life
feeling the
when he came
need
to
days
investigation
first
and securing
its
money
real hearing
to record
eye,
hydrophones
In 1963,
had been
among
called the
my
Acade-
of Applied
eas of research.
The academy
roil.
had no
official
ject popped out about a foot from the surface and then dis-
university affilia-
tion or established
research program,
but
beast to his
own
satisfaction,
Mackal continued
to take
he also
felt
lead in-
an organization
for the
that
who would
Mackal
set out
retrieving
own
originally
New Hampshire
substantial
first
up;
when he heard
a conference Rines
at
he was over-
Isle
was Robert
become
man
who was
critical to
looking Loch Ness from the shore at Urquhart Bay and noticed
in the
va-
later,
prove
deeply involved. He
yer
for his
was on
who would
ican
A few
he embarked on a search
a forty-year-old biochemist
In 1980,
Mokele-mbembe,
first
Mackal was
for the
summers
member
reluc-
it
some
an
did include
individ-
uals with
free
impres-
Ogo-
^|
known
And many
of
to inhabit
its
Loch Ness.
interests coincid-
He brought along
1970.
in
ing for
in
search-
Rines
was
known
fish
to inhabit
times larger
fifty
Loch Ness.
monster might
The next
ter
also
powerful strobe
light.
It
had
to
who had
fessor
It
which the
lurk.
year, Rines
camera synchronized
been loaned
in
light
and developed
to Cousteau's
crew as Papa
The
to
was
be among
finally
the
to
in the
of which
In
of a large,
gan
submerged
at a
seemed
and
was
eclipsed in shadow,
was
the suggestion of a
long and
the
amazing
up the presence
feet
still
was
it
was
a close-up of a
some
later,
feet,
the Edgerton
to
it
became known,
two
saw as
width
line
at
about lour
more
I
feet
Liter,
Rines
was
and
to pro-
day
in
nai
bou
cameras were
s
ulate about
apart. For
id
Dr.
imme)
that
was unprece-
1975. his u
at the
drop-
ral
78
was
feet long.
its
tlr.imatic evidi
lline
like
front
pended
salmon be-
Minutes
object.
frantically leaping
tests.
case
developed
atom-bomb
show
first
flippers of a
for the
who had
Two
Flash.
roll at
its
in the
first
at least to
identity.
George
R.
History in Washington,
DC,
said he
Museum
of Natu-
was convinced
that
~1
ot^o
oite
there
was
mals
in the lake;
was obviously
Greek
it
Scott,
inspired by the
an anagram
in
London with
associated universities to
fin."
Wags
pointed
"Monster hoax by
for
his
and
for "the
diamond-shaped
sponsor a
inten-
hippopotamus-
prove that
Word
credibility collapsed.
The
of the
whom
verdict.
in
monster
that the
tish lochs.
tiny,
As
liever in the
on
to
become
shadows. That
it
tree.
conference
book
many
was
now
influ-
titled
were probably of
otters,
fish-eating aquatic
mem-
The year-end
in
may have
even a
Dins-
fact,
to take with
in the air
monster. In
him on
cameras
tom midges,
a respected zoologist. At
ed
of the naysayers to
their
None of
um and
Museum,
it
first
to the
press,
that the
that are
Edinburgh
known to inhabit
some numbers.
the lake in
abruptly canceled.
almost six
a/5
thr
indu
feet at times.
This
the
whole covered
wet. And, ac-
work a
river
"It
certainty of bringing
may
otter
As
to give
any
and
sitting
An alarmed
it
appeared
who
who have
the sightings
an alarmed
otter; Dr.
it
in a fifteen-foot
several
men
dinghy no un-
in pairs.
were
large
mats of
rise
for
many
of
When
is
on the
these
said, they
surface.
fa-
monster
said,
humps on
animal," contin-
and swimming
at the
we
this
sight
people
Burton
birds,
distorted by mirages.
to rise
sionable observer,
and
common
for Dinsdale,
one
"An
ence," he stated.
stretch
when
tails,
depict the
who
in his
mic acids
who
set out to
in the lake
is
announcement concerning
many
of the so-
for a
week during
his April
visit
All of the
view of
the
added
In
criticism. In
hancement, a process
it
had performed
for
closeup photo-
was
enhanced
grainy and
flipper
lished photograph.
seemed
to
indistinct, in
News
marked contrast
to the
pub-
was a standard
come up
with
procedure, he said,
and the laboratory backed him up. But the accusation nev-
automatically.
it
they returned
months
home empty-
When
they reviewed
After several
handed.
on
many
some
eyebrows
woman
monster
But
ing
al
that a local
for
all
Rines by dows-
was
of that
compared with
trivi-
their next
MMath plciosaurs
nhlv
/If
exam
tome
presum
seem
rrptllc\ that
</rs<n/>n<>n\
<>/
to
Any
object
more than
And
there has
been
whose neck
geon's Photograph.
Campbell,
is
bell calculated,
in the picture,
an
Camp-
was
analysis,
an
show
British
the
the
company when he
accepted him at
first
in
set
was
manup a makea
for a
of years.
shift tent
Columbia
all,
who was
Wilson
Of them
number
oceanographers, purports to
sial
said,
in the
controversy.
nary,"
level.
and poseurs
been Frank
feet
is
In
During the
to
his
1972, Frank
In July
hump
it
showed
in a swirl
a large
of water.
A
of-
a series of
took, he said,
when
ture suddenly
the crea-
appeared be-
and
was
re-
side.
put-
embarrassment
gious hucksterism.
From
83
some
new
trailer
home, he
He published
whom
As
claimed. Those
some
thought that
who
in-
had a
that he never
hooted
vestigators. Skeptics
two-dozen sightings he
more
on a
that
sure
searchers
which he announced
he had outlasted
many
in
critical
problem
that
ol
subja
is
Uu
the
is
most
frustrating
as a
i!
flu
on
its
single
m.illun
1
'
,1
reatui
far,
though, no
the early
visit. In
children; there
keeper went
An ambience of eeriness seems to envelop the monster itself. Some feel that the presence is malevolent, so
much so that in 1973, the Rev. Dr. Donald Omand performed an exorcism of the
he
vinced that
sued
it.
point,
atmosphere he
evil
caused "mental
the
felt in
instability" in those
who
pur-
Tim Dinsdale,
for one,
fallen
ill
now
dur-
sometimes experi-
at several locations
had
left
at these places.
leagues-persisted
explanation for
the
all
the cornel
1982
self a laird,
krr
II
to describe a
was
It
One of
in
and 1962; so
nvestigal
until
monster
like Dins-
that appears to
area;
tells
Columba
Saint
trailer.
Legend
cult.
in
photographic
to
adjusted to
[native
and
there
is
some rational
many years.
sightings over so
.ipparent
the
many
life in
is
a plesiosaur,
somehow
survived the
last ice
age and
Loch Ness.
Proponents of the plesiosaur theory point to the capture in 1938 of a coelacanth, the
was
huge prehistoric
fate.
fish that
Nor
is
the
it
Nessie
is
aquatic that they could live and breed in the water as the
named
levels
F.
that the
monster
a giant
is
to the 700-foot
objects.
aquatic
in
enough
to
not resemble
Many
getic
any other
answer
salmon and
in the
summer
naturalist
to the
eels,
who began
the
can
travel swiftly
opponents of
its
numbers
and skep-
two or three of
is
Based on the
and
many
if
in the loch
rich in
is
a mystery,
most sen-
is
an ener-
fish,
it
and they do
sible
in size,
respect.
species of
it
tics
If
and would
exists.
And so
year after year, Rines and his academy, along with other
investigators,
in
hopes of putting
side,
while the
And
account
if
the monster
for the
That
tists,
is
seals,
fish,
It
likely
field
was on
my
land sightings?
reduces the
mals.
were a
to bot-
of
known
contender, in
mam-
creatures to
port of the
to stage the
scientists, including
States,
Canada, and
Britain.
seems
tive
whale thought
to
for
20
16-mm camera
million years.
pair of
may
Sir
to
stereo cameras
mated
to the
most powerful
ward Mountain as
35-mm
that
Ed-
be
land. Otters
in
feet
its
lens.
below a
raft
moored
Pier,
85
camera
room
means
in a
would monitor
camera popping away every fifteen seconds-and be prepared to punch in the high-powered
the time-lapse
35-mm
saw
anything suspicious.
For two months, the expedition
television monitor
their sonar.
way
members
studied the
one
summer, tem-
life
had
that
heit,
that
salmon
in their
in the
depths
in
the strobe cameras had turned up scarcely any trout, salmon, or eels,
alone a monster.
let
high-resolution infrared
less than
had also
failed.
Yet the expedition could not be considered a disappointment, for there had been a
tantalizing occurrences.
number
of fascinating and
16, for
was
when he
fading out, as
if silt
he knew
of.
ciently that
it
seemed
hit the
water -at
make
suffi-
to
right.
He
in-
An hour
87
He
That was
picture.
to roil the
later,
around
:00,
the
much of the
'
to view, apparently
Meredith,
managing
editor of the
for
there
He had no
was
be put
was
off
nothing.
by
all
Had
left,
last,
only to
No one
could
idea whether he
took with them the dead certainty that there was a Loch
to bed.
It
night."
In late June,
and
own
their
reli-
the animal
was undoubtedly
for
inad-
show up
as a trace.
On
June 20,
ble evidence
is
merely the
intellectual iceberg.
tip
of the
Beneath the
ways
of large salmon.
much
sonar
7:18, 8:52,
ing in the
and 8:56
beam
tists,
at
a.m., remain-
for only a
few sec-
case
them
to write the
words
in the
Then
at 10:44 p.m.
far
on June
away to be photographed.
scientific
himself
was monitoring the sonar and observed a large object enter the beam at about 120 yards out and gradually
move closer until it stopped and hovered 80 yards away
from the camera. It was still too far away to photograph,
and after a short time, it moved back and away. Finally, at
1
name
tinued every
summer
the sonar
find the
The
last traces
still
were observed on
and
its
Meanwhile, the
But two years later
after that
89
would
British
many
waters."
July 4,
lights.
monster
announced
Helen,
for
Nessiteras
and
hints
fish.
huge mass of
the
indications,
of the
its
camp and
in
funds
disbanded.
moved on
to
breathed
it
Morar
They
Morag had made
Loch
at
since 1969,
On
a violent appearance.
that
a sum-
grabbed
It
beat
tried to
was only
and
his rifle
off with
it
Simpson,
fired a
busman's holiday
and Morar
Morag.
for
and renamed
In
resumed work
at
and
took a
most
of
now
divid-
known
frighten
the
base
in Italy to
any
<
reature back to
was
summer
ol
relative
he International
\'w<.-
Cryptozoology, an orga-
ill
mc
Two dozen
continuously scanning
were
somewhat
baffling
who had
even
to the
skeptical
showed something
registered, but
below the
feet
surface.
electronics
equipment
the
R
lence
yal
Mu
we
maybe some
fish,
1
don't know."
seemed
to
was
prove that
it
monster hunters,
the
fect
monster
itself
would
relent
and pose
briefly for
beyond
all
their
were
result.
its
one perpresence
doubt.
To be
its lair
k quid for
ame
19
engineers
was
Operation
rhe lake
its
Called
air
the
a waterborne chorus
like
before.
not to any
Ness
than a
was
was
endeav-
it
by Adrian
Project, directed
Deepscan,
supervision.
Shine's
1974, they
their
launched
under
to starboard,
snapped
Nevertheless,
it
in the majority,
on the mystery,
remained
and
was
without much
the folk
was
it
who some
loch
"
cen-
thine; in that
last half
many
a queer
is
known
to the
Congolese
people as Mokele-mbembe.
In 1980 and 1981, American biochemist Roy P. Mackal mounted two expeditions into the treacherous Likouala swamp region, a
vast area of the People's Republic of the Congo that few humans
have penetrated, hoping to find and photograph one of the elusive
creatures. Working with his colleagues James Powell and Richard
habits,
Mackal himself did not see the supposedly living dinosaur, but
Congolese biologist Marcellin Agnagna, who accompanied the
American on his second expedition, claims to have spotted one on
a subsequent trip. The tantalizing hunt for solid evidence of
Mokele-mbembe is chronicled on the following six pages.
0'
Jfe
..
m
*
j*.
+>
rtgal).
CONGO
rivers
some
cryptozoologists
It
?fe*
9r*
itMokd,
I
'
"""
.
,;ir
""'
sol~- arm)
tairal
stohmt
He told
liiiiAll
(right),
said to
swamps
in waist-deep water.
as elusive as Mokele-mbembe.
:. .,'
CHAPTER 3
in Pursuit of Bigfoof
hatever
its
was almost
up
water
at the
She was
certainly female.
and Yeti
a horse
and turned
to
dered into her presence. The rushing of the stream must have muffled the
sounds of
their
approach.
and
set
them
to
its
seasoned
rider slipped
in fright.
The nearest
ground. The creature had seen enough. Appearing concerned but not espe-
cially
away across
the pebbles
ground. The dismounted horseman struggled to his feet and stumbled to-
ward
little
her, pointing
something shiny
in
mount and
a packhorse.
The man whose horse had thrown him was Roger Patterson, a former
rodeo
rider, a
name
for
avowed
is
known
as Sasquatch.
and
live in
in adja-
Few people
their
claim
existence-and
foot-
was on
his
quest once again. With his friend Bob Gimlin, a construction worker and
expert horseman, he had been camping out for
ing for tracks in reputed Bigfoot territory -the
California near the
On
Oregon border.
October 20,
along
Friday,
Bluti Creek,
creek
itself
River.
The
shal-
less
left.
Ahead of them, a
fifteen-foot-
ed
start,
when he
was
just a
later,
a rented
men
their
expedition
ed
in the often-bizarre
showed a
that Pat-
It
burly,
hopes of
body, except for parts of the face, her nipples, the palms of
camera.
In the
camera
hand
at
such a circumstance.
for just
charged with
some low
it
was
a Bigfoot.
piles of logs
the
it
its
weapon
legs.
rifle
one
supply
was
it
in
He had
creature
of confusion, the
men
bed was a
site,
Those
epi-
after careful
the crea-
come
Throughout
in the
history, similar
Tales suggest that they have always been there, these hairy,
moment
for; in
for a
it
was
bobbing
ani-
decided
was
legs,
some-
humans
stride.
ture
would be wiser
like that of
some moments
smoothness of
and head
had now bolted away out of sight, along with the pack
mal. After
my God,
used most of
men
what
Both
at the retreat-
at her pursuers as
that
arms
thick
and scrub.
men had
skull of a gorilla.
As he plunged along,
at the
it
feet.
humans and
somewhere between
to forty-two inches.
99
Babylon had
its
strangely like a
went
slain
Chou dynasty
in
hairy, ten-
as well as orang-
its
its
ad-
way into
go away.
and mechanized
travel,
In
an age of
satellite surveillance
strange beasts
like
Bigfoot are
still
human, dwells
in the
undetected
for
park
more than
living in a
shack
haunts of humans.
is
Abominable
the so-called
Snowman or
snow
in the
Himalayan regions of
is
frigid
India,
but one of
southern Asia.
of
subhumans
in at least
sia is said
one case, mating with humans. Southern Malayto be the home of Orang-Dalam, a hairy, ten-foot
One
Waddell.
Most
scientists greet
dents, reptiles,
deep
all
to
deed, there
maintain,
is
no
now
true
first
time
but according to
man
wild
believed to live
this
ture
beaming back
snow on
in the
amongst the
a high peak
later, in
trail
a memoir,
of the hairy
eternal snows.
among
in
for
The
Tibetans." But
tion of
its
feet,
Nepalese name.
In 1921,
A.
L.
ignored
north face of
in
something as big as a
suddenly appear
a British
In 1889,
Sasquatch
be discovered
much
to
mammals
many new
first
be large footprints
will
of the
members
above them.
When
behind some
tures
And
pa >ming Some
fraudulent,
lize
shown
to
be
expedition,
British
Lt.
Col. Charles
left
in
name was
a generic Nepa-
to
roam
the
%?
Mysteiy
sion. Skeptics at
once disputed de
One
fuel crate
geologist's account.
pological
a creature matching
de Loys's description,
they did turn up
eyewitness ac-
counts startlingly
similar to
de Loys's.
101
might have
left
the prints.
word was mistakenly thought to be Tibetan and was translated as "Abominable Snowman."
Reporters were entranced, newspaper editors were
delighted, and the public was fascinated. Before long the
its catchy name, became an internationAnd mountaineers, always interested enough
creature, thanks to
al
sensation.
in the
now have
peaks, would
But
pass it
did not
to
live
be denizens of the
Whatever
tracks,
their
to ac-
named
N. A.
when
of Sikkim
About 200
to
figure that he
later
human
right
to uproot or pull at
some
The unclothed creature quickly disappeared, but Tomits tracks in the snow. Although shaped like
human
footprint, these
930s gave
rise to the
tracks reported by
human;
larger.
others,
But
that they
103
all
showed
five toes
human
footprints in
is,
fall
over
always spoken of
at least
different
names
each. All
as
word
abode of the
was
Yeti
world. But
for a
that
and stands
runs, they
planet.
Some
re-
the rel-
common Himalayan
on
all
fours
up only when
it
called dzu-teh.
largely
travels
in the
late
in referring to
the Sherpa
(eh,
strife
two
and used
types of creature,
its face.
is
the
that extends
Tibetan lama displays a centuries-old sacred scalp, supposedof a Yeti, in I960. Scientists later determined that the scalp
belonged to a serow, a member of the goat-antelope family.
ly that
One, inch
ers.
tch,
other,
more
familiar
for
at
<
In
moving down
18,000
or prey
on
<i
yak herd
ing
the
two
to
be a smaller version of
insist
orporated Into
fetl
theii
is
.1
ilklore
with
to run
.lie
so pen
ding
ire
them
d into
In
rui
made by our
where the snow
large
we came upon
a well-preserved
covering the
ice
was
thin,
and
It
showed
three broad
Shipton
.<
fresh tracks,
would seem
to the Sherpas
iu
North America
th.it
feet,
was
a seasoned climber
who had
scaled
not be taken
lightly.
report,
accompa-
new
explosion
was
were mounted,
effort to
Izzard, the
team made
ingperhaps because
it
was conducted
were disappoint-
for the
explorers found
spend most of
some ambiguous
that,
most part
and rocky
footprints
in
plac-
their time.
and a few
The
were reported,
all
the
way from
the west-
snow can
when
Sir
an American millionaire,
his fortune
financed the
first
from aviation,
print.
The evidence
more by way
oil,
Tom
Slick,
who had
None of
found much
But neither did they dispel the persistent belief that there
was something
went beyond
local legend
and imagination.
That belief was dealt a considerable blow
Edmund
Hillary,
when
pieces of goatskin.
In 1957,
made
re-
human
thus inconclusive.
Himalayan
Scientific
Sir
in
and Moun-
and
his
on human physiology
team investigated
They found a
few of the
foot-
printsbut the
renowned
Hil-
at
lary
pronounced them
to
was
Hillary
tween
their
amounted
little
distinction be-
make
to
reality.
make
at will. In Hillary's
view,
They
itself init
all
it is
organized searches
for
Although occasional
re-
became
le in
rare.
Hil-
to trick-
fairy tale,
molded by
superstition,
Asia,
Western expeditions."
liam
C Osman
Hillary's
Hill,
Hill
Caucasus
It is
home
many names
There are as
guages
for
ar
lan-
Yeti, little
for
mythology or
standing on a
ture
creatures.
And
hill,
Indeed, for a
official
for
ciety to
In
One of the earliest descriptions of the Almas by a European was that of a Bavarian nobleman, Hans Schiltberger, who in the early fifteenth century was captured by
Turks and given by them to a Mongol prince named Egidi.
During his captivity, Schiltberger was taken to an area that
wrote
in
in 1430,
common
some time
have continued
it
contains no refer-
to take
an
interest in the
Almas
who
captivity.
this
be of medium
Almas
"A
their knees,
are said to
inches
Their long
in the hills
escape from
of Russian
on
Whatever
handful
western Mongolia.
have nothing
cast
sighting:
in
man
the
caravan
is
Mongolian schol-
Baradiin
when,
as Przewalski's horse.
that in 1906, a
it
now known
is
race of lesser
named Badzar
desert of Alashan
en
which
ger's account,
pelts.
free of hair.
flexed,
Such a
tale
big toe
typical of the
is
The
more than
men"
named
nal
sometimes
set
in the vicinity of
horse,
is
plorer
to run
been caught
at a time or in pairs,
was
and
at a distance.
one
typical sighting
" b) an Aln
Soviet researchers st
&'
*.
itness reports
(inset) as
a robust creature with sloping forehead, bulging brows, and marsh/e lower jaw.
109
working
was
in
traveling in the
was
them through
able to watch
until
they
named
who
about 1910,
In
example, a Russian
for
but the
to a mill,
he
said,
and was
later
herdsman offered
rare details of
was
like
were
cheekbones, a
talk,
she
large
command,
habit that
would
a peculiar
in
named
Boris Porshnev
lived,
hoping to
way
gevity,
was
In
and
flat
was
large teeth
Almas behavior.
down
V. A.
claimed that
some
time,
hung
a rock.
zoologist
Her skin was dark brown and she was covered with
highly skeptical.
to several centenarians
who
claimed to have
known
hands were folded over the back of her head. She would eat
intriguing of
When
water and
lick
The most
her fur
grain,
and sometimes
dgl cienaba
is
on a farm
or
dug
in
the
ova
dirt
She
the wall.
Attn
onflnement, she
slept in a hole
his type o\
me
docile
n
was
human
to
began
families. In
and
wash
it.
at first
immersion
infant
away
to
and
be reared by
said
have survived.
man named
hI
said,
to the river to
and put
was
is
was
it
Zana,
birth unassisted,
the Caucasus.
dult, she
into the
"
how many
posed grandchildren.
all,
According to the
villagers,
was
not
They learned
to
their
behavior
complished singer.
Scottish-bom
writer
mans
block of
ice,
had been
exhibited at a Chicago
livestock
fair.
prestige to
model
Details of the
creature's appearance
intrigued the two scientists,
and they contacted the
took his
tale,
who
when Hansen
show on the road
intriguing,
in a
again
at
in 1969,
appeared
was indeed
it
the
different
Hansen subsequently
rent-
frozen, flesh-and-blood
was purchased by an
an anonymous American
millionaire.
was
the creature
agent for
this
his conclu-
From
his observation of
Hansen's ice-encased creature (above), zoologist Ber-
primate" but
order.
If,
as he
111
meant
to
account
apparent bullet
to
woods, he
that winter.
Hansen took
it
later
the corpse
home and
creature.
cloaked
frozen in a block of
murky
ice.
The discovery
late in
980 of the
humanlike face-was
killed
Porshnev reported
ing
two of
visit-
Khvit's children a
ment
was impressed by
skin
and
dark
their
mus-
cles,
chair, with a
man
sitting
on
a
it,
made
More
and mountain
climber
re-
ed
Almas are
that the
relict
man about
changes
human
1984, "the
woe
humans and Neanderthals could have intersome experts believe the ancient race
Ctinguished bill was merely absorbed by
is generally
dominant human hue Because
one spe<
able
/ana's grandi
Porshn
:
ng round
hililren is
V
ies to
ol
itu
the
me
now
that
human
few:
Where
"We
population
Almas popula-
sightings
were once
its
shrouded by
vi
is
tales of
official
on the
roster
If
there
living captive
sr>
been
told of
it.
to
A breed
ol hairy
hominoid
is
also said to
roam
the People's
[ether
:
another
thought by some
the
produce
migrates up and
it
it
vegetation.
bred Indeed,
the
in
territorial
subspecies, not
The
is
Cro-Magnon
Nean-
new
ed that
perhaps,
tools,
<
an urge
ord
riptive
name
been reported
that
112
of Wildman. Sightings of
for centuries,
and are
Wildmen have
particularly plentiful in
where enormous
bei Province
The
first
the road,
in
tigate,
when
working
in
They
a geologist
lit
came across
by
approaching
Academy
whom combed
two
had
and
years.
their assistants,
were
The leader of
skeptical.
of
search
The
and
publicity triggered
Museum,
up only
indi-
feces.
many new
113
of
mountains of Hu-
all
for a period of
beast.
Academy
scientists
was
to inves-
two of the
men went
to within a yard or
later
investigators found
reports.
One
intrigu-
type of
According to hundreds of eyewitness reports, the rugged terrain of the Pacific Northwest
home
(opposite) is
Shown here
to
Sasquatch-or
are sketches
leader,
was
claim to
countered a hairy
creature
whose
account
for
commune team
who said he en-
men
But Guoxing
he
the base of a
it
at
until
and could go no
was only
which
good
farther.
five feet
forest
A Montana
for
scampered
off muttering,
many
it
disappeared
Gensheng described
his
geological
ago one
years
Long presumed
cies that shared the
Guoxing points
epoch with
arms
of
It
rtc
similar ron
reports,
.i-.ll,,.
and other
to
bamboo
Dozens
seems reasonable
to
all.
which some
that Gigantopithecus,
indi-
hair that
be from
ued to thrive
in the
remote forests
the creature
to the
istrating task.
given
mti
other
a se
may have
evolved
today,
ttve
Guoxln
rved
thing
reel
..
to
Wild
ii
American
is
came from
the
in-
the
known
this
survi-
Szechuan.
in tte
Among
forests of
rhe
it
vors are the tapir and the giant panda, an extremely elusive
apd
out, not
man
to scien-
sloping forehead,
sets of tracks,
hands and
known
But,
In
ffl
was
a sta-
wide shoulders, a
Net
is
ble
unex-
with
over the
well adapted to
seven
feet tall
today, the
little
life
tists
evidence-such as
rect
howled and
of animal
pected visitor as
Columbia
I9S5.
It
rock, hit-
pausing to lean
into a gully.
has changed
and ecological
away-
Gensheng
point,
biological
said,
in
believes
British
still
cliff
Sasquatch
remote forests of
apprehensive Gensheng,
was against
this
in the
wniiam Roe
saw
occasional reports
southern China.
allegedly
macaque
existence could
of smaller-than-human Wild-
related by a
Pang Gensheng,
species of
Bigfoot.
by some who
known
to think
Bering
probably
Strait,
was made
possible, as
in pursuit
was
observed signs of
its
passage.
July 4, 1884, a
newspaper
ly
tribal
giants. At
rate,
among
in forested lands,
forests of
northern California
Here there
is
no
call
name
it
linguistic
names mean,
Colum-
men
Jasper, Alberta.
in Victoria, British
On
Columbia, re-
named
is
the
They
hair.
fate
some
suggest, a
juvenile Sasquatch.
of
tribes, the Salish of British
now
is
regions
By
wooded
inches, in the
various
ture or
is in
ica.
bia,
it
residence
woods." And
them
who
fantastic.
One had
many
who
to
little
heed
to
such
stories;
all
most people
relegated
it
to the
of the
when
drew
international attention, a
legendary giant.
One
own
of these investiga-
tors
John Green. At
into
first
Green began
to look
bought
in
newspaper he had
just
news-
time on Sasquatch.
(left)
who
young
was
woman
in fact
from a spa
an
were
in
April Fool's
Day
fathers
After
come up with
for Big-
"1
foot.
"Women?" he once
have time
for
don't
fanciful
first
sufficiently
a local
them."
John Green's
1955.
scoffed to an interviewer,
centennial,
the hunt
was
all
drew light-hearted
of local people
all.
attention
from the
visit
to learn that
in fun.
off a
it
town
who
in
was
a joke at
reliable
and had
much
as sixteen
at first
Jasper,
he took
be a grizzly bear.
impression
silver-tipped hair."
now
that
maleand,
gan
it
was
to strip leaves
much
fe-
squatting, be-
from
teeth,
Then
in the
it
spotted Roe
amazement crossed
face. Still in a
sition,
it
its
crouched po-
backed up three or
it
its full
walked
Mountain
hundreds of
117
the
visible signs
was unable
it
seemed so human
self
left,
even
Roe
to raise his
much
rifle,
less to
and
half laugh
creatures,
fire.
it
seemed
to
foot-tall
themselves
of their
man
Ostman,
who
agreed to
tell
them a
ther
he had decided
to
related,
Vancouver
Island,
near a spring.
ings,
and
On two
soles
opposite
awoke
in
up bodily
panic as he
in his
.vay,
tor's
fortable
Ostman, he
sleeping bag; he
slanted
was picked
five
"very
to take
This "young
upward round
at the
Ostman
When
who had
extremely uncom-
be Bbdlt twenty
were ex-
his
hips,
enough
on the
that they
in
Ostman wrote
with padded
fingernails "like
he
feet
wide
chisels."
successive morn-
likely,
to leave.
up a campsite
quite hu-
in places."
do some gold
Inlet,
set
Ostman
1924,
matter
said, not
was he allowed
rest of their
in
among
During a vacation
way
"The hair on
fantastic
and a
first
in
uncomprehending captive as
concerted
in a
search for
One
height,
half language."
eight-
be
presumably Sasquatches.
him
As
he managed
he guessed to
to escape. His
live mill
creature gulped
diately
'
became
down
ill.
its
entire contents
In the
confusion,
and imme-
Ostman
fled,
long, he said,
a
lly
ot
liar.
for
so
becoming rather
common -in no
little
part because a
forth
to
tell
In 1958,
this
encouraged Ostman
to
come
Green raced
to the
Titmus,
named
Jerry
Crew.
Known
to
one
be a devout Baptist
A few
of the
men had
Some
Not long
stories
One
in
after
John Green's
arrival at Bluff
in-
Creek
to
coming
in
from the
Sasquatch tracks
down
trail
of
a steep
hill
from a work
site
drum
full
of diesel
175 feet
and
finding a fifty-five-gallon
from the road. Judging from the tracks, the creature had
picked up the barrel, carried
in the area.
it
pound
truck
casts of
hurled
away
that they
ternational attention.
circled the
named Bob
and declared
A newspaper
teetotaler.
take a look.
inches long.
the tracks
who examined
to the
days. Tracks
it
oil
tire,
received the
same treatment
region,
in
ensuing
and a num-
^
119
Tracks discovered in 1969 near Bossburg, Washington, were unusual not only for their large size but because the right foot (below)
was misshapen. Experts analyzing plaster casts (opposite) of
the tracks agreed that such a deformity would be difficult to fake.
es as an expert hunter
and
Then
along
new and,
1970s, a
in the
according to most
a reporter
posterousexplanation of
back roads.
When
It
around
clear that
man
known
or
to
emerge.
no
among
nia,
ani-
September
stride of
ten.
other places in
and Midwest. On
the East
and running
In 1973,
to that?"
seemed
ordinary
began
"Good
men fi-
said,
be,
girls
in the
girls
ings,
well,
In
emanating
home and
terrified
described
woods. The
ran
had seen,
that
same
what
night,
from the Northwest. Like the Bluff Creek story, they re-
appeared
evi-
woods
mil-
Now and
dence
lionaire
would be an expedition;
then, there
businessman
Tom
Slick,
fruitless,
whose
ing
was cut
most part, how-
and individual
imous
fleet-
to
beaming a
at Bluff
casts there.
Creek, nine
The
result of
tvv
film
i|
Meanwhile, hairy
ning
and even
Mich-
hio,
w_.
alle
'
the
foul
irking
'
tht
light
down
to the ground.
in the
area led
The
some
month
later,
iru
be
affairs
the latei
to
ters
to
in the area,
pasture.
phen
rifle
for his
and drove
off to investigate,
craft
Ste-
shaped
pseudonym
on
the
about a hundred
hill
and saw a
feet in
bright,
dome-
diameter hovering
just
At that point,
one of the
in fear,
something
ing spotted
scene
in the
ing,
Two
light
found
apelike creatures,
hav-
became dizzy.
was even
breathing and
Stephen's reaction
had gray
fur
green eyes
and glowing,
Twice Stephen
them
nit,
but they
phen
In
terror,
fired three
;
while Ste-
field until
and raised
ibbleltke
vi
rw
it
app*.
he collapsed.
moment,
monsters
is
the
at the
same time
no surprise
some
I
UFOs
that they
bizarre theories.
have led
One
of these
in
are
rel-
the Midwest.
to the formulation of
is
that
UFOs
are the
In
deep
stress
in the earth;
brain, creates
on the
and
"Sasquatch exists."
Sasquatch hallucinations.
relative
The
face value.
less-benign variant
effects of melting
UFOs
writer
and
named John
He has suggested
be shown as
landed
exist.
to
tantalizing evidence
easily
1,000 feet, he
about 2,000
until,
feet higher,
was blocked by
motionless,
ported
in
Myth and
such
of the
ter
Sasquatch was
all
and
ceded, "but
if
that
some eyewitnesses
is true-bill,
reality
pile,
he
to be
an erect creature
tall.
was
to
re-
be covered
creature,
it
af-
presumed
forty-five minutes,
but
impassable snow
The
Reality.
for
later,
to the
served
for
Himalayas of
to
scientific es-
who had
in the
enough, but
B.
the incline
and Sasquatch
ing in
Yeti
saw
to
some
remained
in the
still
as the Smithsonian
enig-
real.
what seemed
materialize by draw-
pier,
if
some
many
belief
Hillary,
in the vicinity of
lead at least
Edmund
bear."
Keel.
the existence of so
footprints, the
offered by a magician
snow on
in the
for the
UFO
nomenon
that
images of
In
then
England, he
of scientists,
admitted
photograph
a hominid.
is
the
in
large
.
in
show
In late 1987,
not
long after John Napier died of a stroke, Wooldridge anforthrightly that painstaking analysis of his
nounced
Hima-
The Patterson
film
quatch debate.
think, then
was
female Sas-
film of the
in the Pacific
Northwest.
the film
If
was
some
a hoax,
investigators
legitimate, then
was
Napier
ing the
Sasquatch
if it
film
it
showed might
if
the crea-
(fps),
actually
in dis-
ruled out
conditions
it
,i
t'.iti
was
6 or 18
fps. In
these
pattern
recorded
culated that
if
the film
at
24
cal-
then Patter-
fps,
second a
with each
The Russians
faster
pace by
had
would
to
at
6 fps; according to
some
of the lead-
world the
was
to
it
If
it
was
a better hoax
then even they could have created. Neither the Disney people nor
"
as "the zipper
fer to
British expert in
a novel
As Patterson had
film speed.
film
exists.
Moscow found
Grieve, that
movie
in
appearing to
er,
in the suit."
famous
that a crea-
has
film footage
It
would have
to
foot
be more
film clearly
shows
the
no former rodeo
rider bent
expected to know.
:t
turned out
Ordinarily,
he kept
it
i<
I
th<
!
'
it<
24
>n
But he
been ac
ii
fps,
h that the
i
hoi
at
k in
Krantz,
in 1969,
whose
has studied
ports of sightings
many
of the
by something
hot He or
gave
me
I
re-
began
else,
were
saw something
"lying,
were
out of a whiskey
From
the
to posit
bone structure
different from
that of humans a structure, he
accommo-
125
size.
turned up
more
in the
For
On
the
morning of June
0,
like figure
and soon
but
fled,
human
to notice the
a party of
to
in the
later,
in the
same general
hard earth.
tracks; six
by two individual
More
in-
quatch
some
clothes,
A
ality,
been found
in
er
fire,
the North
if
Photography
rttere
many
.i
Is
must be physh
indftj]
to
find, the
human -it
in
its
So
tell.
For the
will
that
However, despite
forest habitat
far,
is
lacks tools,
as anyone can
in
an endangered species?
zoos?
evidence
insist.
a carcass, a skull, or at
that Sas-
tons have
'
il
li
who
of us
is
>ne rarely
.iuse
lv
by
x
enough.
on scraps of
In all probability,
they
film
and
in
those
insist,
carefully observed
and
for the
large
To these
far
such a
ol teeth
clearly not
is
such
in
blllty that
by county ordinances
scientists
it
and language, as
who happens
the
it,
Sas-
In fact,
casts.
seemed so human.
it
tracks have
most
reported
imens be exhibited
who have
it
specifically protected
is
rensic
in the
jurisdictions.
Would
be found
to
have
set of prints.
triguing,
days
all that,
any kind
place, retaining
spite of
all
its
is
room
to
that
came
have yet
to
to put distance
in the thick-
be proven wrong.
humans
remains a large
it
is
If
they
lellllllllp
meeeeeeeee!" This
down on the tiny
man-bug
of terrifying
moments
that
Although the monsters themselves come in all shapes and sizdramatic conventions seem to govern most movies in
which their stories unfold. Often, for instance, misguided or deranged scientists are responsible for the monstrosity, and it is a
safe bet that they will fall prey to the beast by the final reel. Benign
scientists, on the other hand, sometimes have attractive and
brainy daughters who are rescued by and fall in love with the
handsome, square-jawed hero who contrives to triumph over the
es, certain
threatening creature.
But the audience can rarely assume that such couples will live
after. Experience has shown that movie monsters are
notoriously hard to kill. Usually, they are not dead at all; they are
merely lurking at bay, healing their wounds, plotting their revenge,
happily ever
and waiting
for a sequel.
127
Atomic Ante
In the
creates a
swarming horde of
Mexico
bomb
desert.
New
and manages
to destroy the
MHMBM-lWKMIttSS
-*;
A Monster from
(he Past
and paleontologist
panic in
its
alike,
sowing
threatens to level
New
York
I
City,
where skyscrapers
rise
if
*$&#
1
*-Jg&
*^c.
v
7
w?
A Human
Fly
An experiment
in
matter trans-
wrong
forelimb of the
title
insect.
As
his
way
SH
WOUL0
SCREAM
FOR
THE
REST
OF
HER
LIFE!
"OnemaScopE
TERROR-COLOR
by
OE LUXE
mt
mm
depends on success-
crossbreeding
life,
human
be-
a deranged
engineers a series of
The
meets a gruesome end
when
furious at having
been trans-
Nidations in Maine
Reports of environmental hazards
produced by a lumber mill bring
investigator Robert Vern to the
backwoods of Maine, where he
encounters a number of fearsome
mutations-including oversize
fish and a rampaging bearlike
beast. Vern manages to triumph
over the
rarily, at
killer
of industrial pollution.
V*
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The index was prepared by Ha^el Blumberg-McKee. The
editors wish to thank these individuals and institutions for
their valuable assistance in the preparation of this volume
Rene Dahinden, Richmond. British Columbia, Anthony G
Johnson, Wood-
stock,
New
Illinois;
Dr
Clyde Roper, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC; Dottie Schneider. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
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Harper, Jennifer,
Vol 2, 1983
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Mead. 1966
Helton, David, "The Creature from the Avalanche " BBC
Wildlife. September 1986
Heuvelmans. Bernard
In the WOke of trie Sea Serpents Transl by Richard Garnet! New York Hill and Wang. 1965
On the Track of Unknown Animals Transl by Richard
Garnett New York Hill and Wang. 1958
Hewkln, lames A
Investigating Sasquatch Evidence in
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Mature and
1982
1980
Crumley, Michael. There Are Giants in the Earth Garden
City, N Y
Doubleday, 1974
Haining, Peter, Ancient Mystenes New York Taplinger Publishing, 1977
Halpin, Marjone M and Michael M Ames, eds Manlike
Monsters on Trial Early Records and Modern Evidence
Vancouver, BC Canada University of British Columbia
in
"'
Press. 1980
York
in
1987.
History, April
Bord. Janet,
Sum-
."
London Geoffrey
Bles, 1934
1978
McGraw-Hill. 1971
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mer 1982
"'
Richard Greenwell:
Green, John:
1984
"Champ Photo
Autumn 1982
29. 1980.
On the
Cheam
Bymr
Ed by
Gould, R T
Times,
for Bigfoot
September 1984.
Thr
138
McCosker, lohn E
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,
An/
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J.:
Robert
Hale, 1986.
man,
1980.
"Activities of the
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Markotic, Vladimir, ed
Life.
T.,
Reality.
New
Living'
New
York:
York
son, 1983.
Life,
August
New
York
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8,
Serious View."
1976.
B.:
New York:
Vachon, Brian,
Waddell,
L. A.,
"Is
Among
Wiley, John
In
on Denizen of
New York
Times, June
Times,
Issue 12.
Vol. 2,
Issue 14.
2,
pri-
don), Vol
1,
(reprint
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29, 1981
Times, April
Sweeney, James
"Is It
Shine, Adrian:
Still
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Shackley, Myra,
New York
Tactics, to Try
Books, 1980.
Frank E
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Sullivan, Walter,
for
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to
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Poirier,
1977
"
1980/January 1981.
"The Search for Evidence of Mokele-Mbembe in the People's Republic of the Congo ." Cryptozoology. Vol 1, 1982
Searching for Hidden Animals Garden City, NY Double-
Owen,
Academy
lated to Investigations at
Issue 13.
May
New
York
28, 1976.
"Seekers of Loch Ness Monster Disappointed, Not Discouraged " New York Times, December 6, 1976.
Zarzynski, Joseph W.,
Champ-Beyond
PICTURE CREDITS
Credits for the illustrations from left to right are separated
by
Wendy Popp
by
18
Woodcut
edited by Erminio Caprotti, pubby Nuove Edizioni Gabriele Mazzotta, Milan -Mary
Evans Picture Library, London -woodcut in Mostri, Draghi e
Serpenti: ... di Ulisse Aldrovandi, edited by Erminio Caprotti, published by Nuove Edizioni Gabnele Mazzotta, MilanMary Evans Picture Library, London. 19: Woodcuts in
Mostn, Draghi e Serpenti:
di Ulisse Aldrovandi, edited by
Erminio Caprotti. published by Nuove Edizioni Gabriele
Mazzotta, Milan, except bottom right, Mary Evans Picture
Library, London 20, 21: David Doubilet; Wu Zuzheng/
Photo Researchers, Inc.; c George Holton/Photo Researchers, Inc., 1971; Peter Davey/Bruce Coleman Inc.- 5 George
Holton/Photo Researchers, Inc., 1978 c Tom McHugh/
Photo Researchers, Inc., 1979. 23: Kohei Shinonoi/Uniphoto Press International Inc. 24 Fortean Picture Library,
Wales 25: Courtesy Dr Clyde Roper 26 Forbes Collection,
Hart Nautical Collections, MIT Museum. 27: Boston Athenaeum 29: Fortean Picture Library, Wales 30: The Kendall
Whaling Museum, Sharon, Massachusetts 31: Culver Pictures. 32: Mary Evans Picture Library, London 33: Illustrat.
di Ulisse Aldrovandi,
lished
ed London
News
David Doubilet. 67: Map by Fred Holz based on map supby John Bartholemew and Son Ltd., Edinburgh. 68, 69:
Popperfoto, London; Hugh Gray/Fortean Picture Library,
Wales- Fortean Picture Library, Wales. 70: Ralph Izzard,
Tunbridge Wells, Kent, from The Hunt for the Bum, Hodder
and Stoughton, London, 1951. 72, 73: Terry Fincher/Photographers International, Guildford, Surrey. 74, 75: H. L.
Cockrell/Camera Press, London; ITN, London/Tim Dinsdale; photograph by F. C Adams, Daily Mail, London/Solo
Syndication -R. K. Wilson/Fortean Picture Library, WalesLachlan Stewart/London Express News and Feature Service, from More Than a Legend: The Story of the Loch Ness
Monster, by Constance Whyte, Hamish Hamilton, London,
Fortean Picture Library, Wales- AP/Wide World PhoFortean Picture Library, Wales. 43: AP/Wide World
Photos 45: Art by Lloyd K. Townsend, detail from page 50
46-51: Art by Lloyd K Townsend 52, 53: Anadolu Medeniyetleri Miizesi, Ankara 54: Lee Boltin, courtesy Fridolf
Johnson, Woodstock, New York-woodcuts in Mostri,
Draghi e Serpenti:
di Ulisse Aldrovandi. edited by Erminio
Caprotti, published by Nuove Edizioni Gabriele Mazzotta,
41
tos. 42:
Milan
(3)
courtesy
55: Painting
Sr.,
139
plied
1957,
P.
76: Ivor
ture Collection,
c by E
Bnll, Leiden, The
J
photographs by Justin Wilkinson
from A Living Dinosaur' In Search of Mokele-Mbembe. by Dr
Roy P Mackal. c by E J Brill. Leiden, The Netherlands,
1987. Dr Roy P Mackal from A Living Dinosaur' In Search
c
of Mokele-Mbembe, by Dr Roy P Mackal, by EJ. Brill, Leiden, The Netherlands, 1987 -Mane T Womack from A Living Dinosaur' In Search of Mokele-Mbembe, by Dr Roy P
Mackal. by E) Bnll, Leiden. The Netherlands, 1987 96.
97 Background photograph by Richard Greenwell, from A
Living Dinosaur' In Search of Mokele-Mbembe. by Dr Roy P
London 104
Inset
Canada, 1957
117:
Wales
122. 123:
Sasquatch
Publishing Ltd
photomontage: Background, USAF Photographic Collection, National Air & Space Museum, Smithsonian Institution. Poster c Warner Bros. Inc., 1954, 1982, all rights reserved, photograph courtesy Crowell Beech; movie still c
Warner Bros Inc., 1954, 1982, all rights reserved. 130. 131
photomontage Background, USAF Photographic Collection, National Air & Space Museum, Smithsonian Institution. Poster c Warner Bros. Inc., 1953, 1981. all rights reserved, photograph courtesy Kobal Collection. New York;
movie still c Warner Bros. Inc., 1953, 1981, all rights reserved, photograph courtesy Movie Star News, New York
132, 133 photomontage: Background, Fritz Goro for LIFE
Movie still from the Twentieth Century Fox Release THE
FLY c 1958 Twentieth Century-Fox Film Corporation, all
rights reserved, photograph courtesy Spnnger/Bettmann
Film Archives, New York; poster from the Twentieth Century Fox Release THE FLY c 1958 Twentieth Century-Fox Film
Corporation, all rights reserved 134, 135 photomontage
Background, Fritz Goro Poster and movie still c 1974 Getty
Pictures Ltd., all rights reserved. 136, 137 photomontage
Background, John Zimmerman c 1967 Time-Life Books Inc
from The Heartland (Time-Life Library of America series)
Movie still from PROPHECY c 1979 by Paramount Pictures
Corporation, all nghts reserved, photograph courtesy Movie Star News, New York; poster from PROPHECY c 1979 by
Paramount Pictures Corporation, all rights reserved
INDEX
Numerals
in italics indicate
an
illustration
of
82; quoted, 81
Abominable Snowman.
'
Basilisk. 12
103. 104.
Bats,
100. 102.
104
alp of.
Adam-.
62
89
II
I
Beowulf, 100
Bigfoot. 18.98-99. 114, 118. 119.
116. 117,
iv of,
99. 114.
119, 120,
99-100.
117, 118, 119,
Hominoids
quatch m Myth
123
The LOCh N<ns AhMerv
N.ipicr).
mouth). 37-38
.:
See also
Lake monsters
Champlain, Samuel de, 62
Chessie (sea serpent), 39-40 See also Sea
serpents
Clark.
Mrs B
o Sea
IVid, 37
66
Cochran, Jack Blgrbot drawing
Cobb
Mm
k c,
inthi
Daedalus (British
Dahinden, Rene.
in
frigate),
//6.
31
quoted, 117.
J/7,
by.
lesearch
of.
12
mi
photograph
20
5/, history
quoted, 62-63
rna
18,
19. 24-26.
19-26
Champ
80, 82-83
Cousteau, lacques, 78
Crew, Jerry. 19
Crowley, Aleister. 84
Cryptozoology, defined.
Curry. Roland. 16-17
<
Sea
serpents
of,
107
''
Almav
Norman, 76
Columba. Saint. 60-61; quoted. 61
Conception Bay. 46-51
Congo, 77; map, 93
Collins,
Courtenay-Latimer, Marjory, 18
Caddy
130131
Homlnotdi
of Applied Science. Loch Ness
1
bumblebee size, 20
Beaked whale. 41
Academy
Barnum. P T
of, 80, 81
'
.'
beasts
Dory,
<
-J(>
5/, defined,
47
Dncula
'
Dragons,
7.
8-9.
Komodo
dragon, 20-21.
sea dragon,
19
18,
89
of, 85,
Eels, 44,
Jacko (Sasquatch),
Jingquan, Fan,
Jong,
(In
research
120-123
the
Wake of the
43,
William
C Osman,
Edmund,
Snowman
Fish pig,
Fitter,
19.
18,
Hominoids
Fly, Trie
105,
research
Abominable
105-106, 123;
of,
100,
Almas,
J.
of Mokele-mbembe, 93,
Komodo
124;
feifei,
62;
12,
108-109,
ble
Snowman
research
of, 100,
Tapir
mountain, 21
Gould, Rupert (The Loch Ness Monster and
Gorilla,
Lesueur, Charles-Alexandre, 28
Hussein,
Ahmed,
19
Hutchinson, Young,
17;
quoted, 17
Others), 71
Human-beasts
Hydra, 13
16,
Iceman, 111
Imaizumi, Yoshinori, 43; quoted, 43
International Society of Cryptozoology,
(Heuvel-
mans), 38
Ivlov, Ivan,
107-110
research
and
80, 82,
Gargoyle Photograph
90;
77, 78,
40,90
In the
14
103
56,
54,
99-100
Lama, 104
Lamia, 57 See also Human-beasts
Landolphia fruit, 95
LaUmena chalumnae See Coelacanths
LeBlond, Paul H 38-39, 44; quoted, 44
Leopard seals, 44
Hallucinations:
124, 126
kelpies, 61
of,
Ogopogo, 62-63;
bulls, 61
See also
45;
Griffins, 7,
//.
characteristics of,
85
Home, Everard, 42-43
90
quoted,
Abominable Snowman
of, 105,
M
Maat (Egyptian goddess), 58. See also
Human-beasts
Macaque, hands of, 112, 114
McDonald, Duncan, 61; quoted, 61
MacDonald, Sir Ramsey, 68
McDonnell. Duncan, 90
MacDougall, John, 62
Mackal, Roy P., 77, 91. 92-94, Champ
research of, 77; giant octopus research
of, 25, Loch Ness monster research of,
77, 85,
91-97;
Gilles clan,
II,
of,
Sasquatch research
69,
forest, 21
Holiday, F
epic,
12,
Homer
Gilgamesh
Hog, giant
C, 72
80, 90.
dragon, 20-21
10.
history
22
Fraser, James, 7
10.
Forbes,
12
Kraken,
Expedition, 105
fort),
Abominable Snowman,
82
Klein, Martin, 78
Koch, Albert, 28, 30
Koffmann, Marie-Jeanne,
Footprints of
Zana
106; quoted,
Richard, 76
quoted, 106
Feifei,
81-82
Kielar, Alan,
Hillary, Sir
Falmouth Bay, 36
(Gould), 71
de, 34
Khaklov, V A
106
Henk
44
13
iceman research
of,
Hominoids
Everest Reconnaissance Expedition, 104
Extraterrestrial; and Sasquatch sightings,
Centre (JARIC), 73
Elusive Monster,
geon's Photograph
Reconnaissance Intelligence
Joint Air
Hercules, 13
prince), 107
beasts
of,
16.
quatch
Heuvelmans, Bernard
26,42
(Mongol
Egidi
of,
chic
quoted, 70
of,
141
phenomenon
95, 97
Mackay, John, 66-67
Mackay, Mrs John, 66-67; quoted, 67
MacNab, P. A., Loch Ness monster
photograph by, 75
M'Quhae, Peter, 31
Man-beast creatures See Human-beasts
Mansi, Sandra, Champ photograph by,
63
Manta
ray,
39
Manticores, 10
Martin, Marlene, 16
Mary
36
Meade-Waldo, E G B., 32, quoted, 32
Medusa, 22 See also Cephalopods
Megamouth (shark), 20
Meh-teh, defined, 104
Meredith, Dennis, 89; quoted, 89
Mermaids,
54, 55.
beasts
man
Milne, Ian, 66; quoted, 66
Mindanao
trench, 18
Minos (king of
Crete),
56
of, 95;
and
sauropod theory. 77, 91, 97
Monkeys, macaque, 112, 114
Monk-fish, 54 See also Human-beasts
Monsters, in movies, 127-/37 See also
specific creatures, Movies
Montfort, Pierre Denys de (Histone
Naturelle des Mollusques): octopus
drawing by, 24, sea serpent research
footprint of, 94, lair of, 94-95,
of,
22
Morag
Scylla,
Pacific Northwest,
of.
37;
serpents
Them'
115
98-99, quoted, 99
46-5/
Piccot,
Tom,
Mutations.
Nailaka (Indian
demon
Lake monsters
Napier. John (Bigfoot
The
Narwhal
Yeti
and
Reality).
123, 124;
78
(boat).
Nash. Lonson, 28
National Geographic (magazine), 86-87
22
42
Neill. Patrick.
84
Nessiteras rhombopteryx
monster
New
Nicoll,
Michael
33
o
I
44
Porshnev, Boris, 110-112; quoted,
Powell, James, 91
Prophecy (movie), 136-137
puses
22
iVe
>n
monsters
mtfl
Hnnii-
spirits, 61;
theory, 44;
and zeuglodon
monsters
Psyche (witch), 37
Pythons, 44
monster
photographs by, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 85,
90, Loch Ness monster research of, 77,
78, 79, 85, 89, quoted, 80
Roe, William,
Sasquatch drawing
by,
16
of.
37
(U s steamer). 34
.iicrrcsiri.il
footprints
M.M.I'.
of
12.
See also
research
of,
85;
Morag research
theory, 120-123,
I16. II7,
of,
photographs by,
and hallucina-
116-122,
114,
ninoids
Hominoids.
Human
rtstlcs of,
107
90,
Stout,
sighting
of,
serpents
Surgeons Photograph,
83 See
Kenneth
Swamp
Synge, Richard L
Bums
61
T
Tamar of Hang, 70
Tapir, 114
Teh, defined, 104
Thompson, David,
16
Snowman
Tepes. Vlad, 9
90
of,
Tombazi, N A
Tuna Club, 33
u
UFOs and electromagnetic energy
theory,
quoted. 44
Sightings Abominable
Snowman,
(American schooner), 29
San Clemenle monster, 33-34 See also
Sea serpents
Sanderson, Ivan T Ill; quoted, 111. sea
Sally
Qan
14
s
1
Almas; Zana
Sharks: basking shark, 42, 43, Megamouth, 20; whale shark, 39
Shiels, Anthony (Doc), 36, 37
Shiels, Kate, 37
Shine, Adrian, 89; Loch Ness monster
serpent research
Homl
and snake
Serow
Santa
30;
of, 28,
pontoppidan!), 40-43;
Okanag.i;
46-51
Salish Indians.
tons
12
48-5/,
sightings
1
Ccph.il
of,
Razdan, Rikki, 82
Rhedosaurus, 130-131
Squirting whale, 18
1 1
Spirits, 61
Pig whale, 19
Spicer,
carcasses
46-51
128-129
22
Sea cows, 85
Sea devil, 18
Sea dragon, 18, 19
Seals, 44, 85
Searle, Frank (Nessie: Seven Years in
Search of the Monster): Loch Ness
monster photographs by, 83; Loch
Ness monster research of, 83-84
123
Urquharl Castle, 64-65, 66, 85
Venuss-flytrap. 134-135
Verrill,
Vivienne (witch). 37
90 See also
Operation Deepscan
spcriin^, Stephen. 23
Sphinx 53
Human-beasts
it
67; quoted.
67
38.
See also
A E 24-25
,
w
Waddell, L A
Whale shark, 39
Whyte, Constance (More Than a Legend),
Loch Ness monster research of, 72, 76,
83
Wildmen hands
;
12-\ 14
of,
12.
monster photograph
quoted, 71
Y
:
Snowman photograph
Abominable
by, 122-123, 124;
quoted, 123-124
Worm,
prehistoric,
Wyman,
Jeffries,
30
Whales
Zug, George R: Loch Ness monster
research
85;
and sea
Z
Zana (Almas), history of
See also Almas
143
ZuiyoMaru (Japanese
106.
10-1 12.
trawler),
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