MATERIALS

SIENCE
BY:
MOHAMED MUSTAFA HEJAZI
MOHAMED MAGDY IBRAHEEM
OMAR MOHAMED AHMED

MATERIALS SCIENCE

The study of the characteristics and uses of various

materials
PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS
MECHANICAL: describe how materials react to
physical forces
THERMAL: describe how materials behave when
temperatures change
ELECTRICAL-MAGNETIC: describe how materials
respond to electromagnetic fields and their ability
to produce such fields
CHEMICAL: how materials change during chemical
reactions
ELECTRICAL-MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY: the ability of a
material to allow electrical current to pass
(metals such as platinum, gold, silver, copper
and aluminium tend to be good CONDUCTORS,
while plastics, rubber glass and ceramics are
INSULATORS)
ELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY: the ability of a
material to resist the passage of current; a
material which is a good conductor is said to
have LOW RESISTIVITY while a material which

is a bad conductor is said to have HIGH

RESISTIVITY
THERMAL PROPERTIES
THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY: the ability to
conduct heat
THERMAL EXPANSION: the tendency to
change in dimensions as the temperature
increases or decreases
MELTING POINT: the temperature at which a
material turns suddenly from solid to liquid
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
RESISTANCE TO CHEMICALS: the ability of a
material to resist chemical attack and to
withstand corrosion processes such as
oxidation
SOLVENT ATTACK: the ability of a material to
resist liquids which may degrade their
mechanical properties
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
STRENGTH: the ability to be strong, to resist
forces without breaking, bending, shattering or
changing in any permanent state
The force applied to a material is called LOAD,
the force within the material that can cause it

to change is called STRESS. The actual change

is called the STRAIN.
A material can undergo several changes due to
stress:
- TENSILE STRESS: the stress that causes a
material to stretch
- COMPRESSIVE STRESS: the stress that
causes a material to get shorter
- SHEARING STRESS: the stress that causes a
material to divide into layers
- BENDING STRESS: the stress that causes a
material to bend
- TORSIONAL STRESS: the stress that causes
a material to twist
ELASTICITY: the ability of a material to return
to its original shape when loaded or unloaded
HARDNESS: the ability of a material to resist
to wear, abrasion, scratching and indentation
BRITTLENESS: the ability of a material that is
hard but easily broken
FATIGUE: the ability of a material to resist
repeated stress cycles, bending or tension
RESILIENCE: the ability of a material to spring
back into shape
MACHINABILITY: the ability of a material to
be worked by a machine tool
PLASTICITY: the ability of a material to be
permanently changed in shape.

Two other properties are associated with

plasticity:
- MALLEABILITY: the ability of a material to
be deformed by compressive forces (it occurs
when metals are hammered or rolled into thin
sheets such as gold, silver, copper, platinum,
tin, zinc and lead.
- DUCTILITY: the ability of a material to be
deformed by tensile forces, i.e. tension (e.g.
copper can be stretched to make thin wires,
but the shape of a brick cannot be permanently
changed expect by breaking it.) Metals have
this property such as gold, aluminium, iron,
nickel and silver.
TYPES OF MATERIALS
METALS
POLYMERS
CERAMICS
-METALS
FERROUS: ferrous (from the Latin ferrum)
metals (i.e. iron) and alloys (such as steel, cast
iron, titanium, wrought iron) are iron-based
materials

NON-FERROUS: non-ferrous metals and alloys

don't contain iron (such as aluminium, copper,
brass, lead, silver and zinc.
-POLYMERS
PLASTICS: plastics are materials able to be
moulded (from the Greek plastikos) and are
man-made
RUBBER: rubber can be natural (it comes from
the juice of a tree) or synthetic (it comes from
chemicals) it is not elastic but waterproof and a
good electrical insulator
COMPOSITE MATERIALS: composite
materials are formed by combining material to
form a structure that is better than the sum of
the individual components. They include:
composite building materials (such as cements,
concrete), metal composites and ceramic
composites
Ceramics
Silicate Ceramics are composed primarily of
silicon and oxygen.
Carbon is not really a ceramic, but an allotropic
form, diamond, may be thought as a type of
ceramic.

THANK YOU..!!