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AASHTO
LRFD Bridge Construction Specifications
3rd Edition 2010
American Association of State

Highway and Transportation Officials
ISBN: 978-1-56051-561-6 Pub Code: LRFDCONS-3-I3
2012 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.

All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.
444 North Capitol Street, NW Suite 249

Washington, DC 20001
202-624-5800 phone/202-624-5806 fax
www.transportation.org
2012 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. All rights reserved. Duplication is
a violation of applicable law.
ISBN: 978-1-56051-561-6
Pub Code: LRFDCONS-3-I3

2012 INTERIM TO THE AASHTO LRFD

BRIDGE CONSTRUCTION SPECIFICATIONS
INSTRUCTIONS AND INFORMATION
INSTRUCTIONS AND INFORMATION

General
AASHTO has issued interim revisions to AASHTO LRFD Bridge Construction Specifications, Third Edition (2010).
This packet contains the revised pages. They are not designed to replace the corresponding pages in the book but rather
to be kept with the book for quick reference.
Affected Articles
Underlined text indicates revisions that were approved in 2012 by the AASHTO Highways Subcommittee on Bridges
and Structures. Strikethrough text indicates any deletions that were likewise approved by the Subcommittee. A list of
affected articles is included below.
All interim pages are printed on pink paper to make the changes stand out when inserted in the third edition binder.
They also have a page header displaying the section number affected and the interim publication year. Please note that
these pages may also contain nontechnical (e.g. editorial) changes made by AASHTO publications staff; any changes of
this type will not be marked in any way so as not to distract the reader from the technical changes.
Please note that in response to user concerns, page breaks are now being added within sections between
noncontiguous articles. This change makes it an option to insert the changes closer to the affected articles.
Table i2012 Changed Articles
SECTION 11: STEEL STRUCTURES
11.4.3.3.1
11.4.3.3.2
11.4.3.3.3
11.4.8.1.1
26.5.1
26.5.7
26.5.7.1
26.5.7.2
26.5.7.2.1
26.5.7.2.2
SECTION 26: METAL CULVERTS

26.1.1
26.3.8.1
26.3.9
26.4.1
26.4.2
26.4.2.5
SECTION 30: THERMOPLASTIC PIPE

30.1.1
30.3.1
30.6
30.7.4
30.7.4.1
30.7.4.2
iii

11.10

SECTION 11
SECTION 11: STEEL STRUCTURES

11.4.3.3.1General
Revise the Article as follows:
Cold-bending of fracture-critical steels and fracture-critical members is prohibited. Perform cold-bending of other
steels or members, Fracture-critical and nonfracture-critical plates and bars shall be cold bent, unless otherwise
permitted according to the provisions of Article 11.4.3.3.3. The bending shall be performed in accordance with the
AASHTO/AWS D1.5M/D1.5 Bridge Welding Code and the provisions of Article 11.4.3.3.2Table 11.4.3.3.2-1 and in a
manner such that no cracking occurs.
Insert new commentary to this Article:
C11.4.3.3.1
Research (Keating, 2012) which focused on the influence of heat and bending strain upon the toughness and
mechanical properties of steel revealed that increasing the bend radius to 5.0 times the thickness of the plate and
bending the material at room temperature did not significantly degrade the material properties of the plate. The previous
bend requirements were based on preventing cracking of the plate from the bending operation. Heating of the plate is
not necessary and was found to reduce the ductility of the plate after bending and increase the likelihood of cracking.
11.4.3.3.2Cold-Bending
Unless otherwise permitted herein or approved by the Engineer, the minimum bend radii for cold-forming bending
(at room temperature), measured to the concave face of the plate, are given shall be taken as 5.0t for all grades and
thicknesses of steel conforming to AASHTO M 270M/M 270 (ASTM A709/A709M) where t is the thickness of the
plate in inchesin Table 11.4.3.3.2-1. For cross-frame or diaphragm connection plates up to 0.75 in., the minimum
bending radii may be taken as 1.5t. If a smaller radius is required, heat may need to be applied as a part of the bending
procedure. Provide the heating procedure for review by the Engineer. For all other grades of steelnot included in Table
11.4.3.3.2-1, follow the minimum bend radii recommendations of from the plate producer shall be followed but the radii
shall not be less than the minimums specified herein.
If Wherever possible, orient bend lines shall be oriented perpendicular to the direction of final rolling of the plate.
If the bend lines is are parallel to the direction of final rolling, multiply the suggested minimum bend radii in Table
11.4.3.3.2-1 shall be increased to 7.5t by 1.5.
Table 11.4.3.3.2-1Minimum Cold-Bending Radii
Thickness, in. (t)
AASHTO M 270M/M 270
(ASTM A709/A709M)
Grades, ksi
36
50, 50S, 50W, or HPS 50W
HPS 70W
HPS 100W
Up to 0.75
Over 0.75 to 1.0,

incl.
Over 1.0 to 2.0,

incl.
Over 2.0
1.5t
1.5t
1.5t
1.75t
1.5t
1.5t
1.5t
2.25t
1.5t
2.0t
2.5t
4.5t
2.0t
2.5t
3.0t
5.5t


SECTION 11
11.4.3.3.3Hot-Bending
If a radius shorter than the minimum specified for cold-bending is essential, the plates shallFracture-critical and
nonfracture-critical plates and bars may be bent hot subject to the approval of the Engineer. If hot-bending is to be
employed, the heating and bending procedure shall be submitted for review and approval by the Engineer. at aThe
plates and bars shall be bent hot at a temperature above the blue brittle temperature of steel (700oF) but not greater than
l200F, except for AASHTO M 270M/M 270 (ASTM A709/A709M), Grades HPS 70W and HPS 100W (Grades HPS
485W and HPS 690W) for which plates and bars shall be bent hot at a temperature not greater than l100oF. The
minimum radii of the hot bend shall satisfy the requirements of Article 11.4.3.3.2.


SECTION 11
11.4.8.1.1General
Revise paragraph 1 of this Article as follows:
Previous punching restrictions whenever the thickness of the material was not greater than 0.75 in. for structural
steel, 0.625 in. for high strength steel, or 0.5 in. for quenched-and-tempered alloy steel, are were upper limits. Thickness
of material that can be punched is often controlled by equipment capacitybut punching equipment may be more
restrictive.


SECTION 11
11.10REFERENCES
Add the following reference:
Keating, P. B. and L. C. Christian. 2012. Effects of Bending and Heat on the Ductility and Fracture Toughness of
Flange Plate, FHWA/TX-10/0-4624-2. Texas Transportation Institute, Texas A&M University, Austin, TX.


SECTION 26
SECTION 26: METAL CULVERTS

26.1.1Description
Revise sentence 1 of this Article as follows:
This work shall consist of furnishing, fabricating, installing, and inspecting metal pipe, structural plate metal pipe,
arches, pipe arches, box structures, and deep corrugated structures, and steel-reinforced thermoplastic pipe in
conformance with these Specifications and the details shown in the contract documents.


SECTION 26
26.3.8.1General
Revise sentence 2 of this Article as follows:
Backfill for metal and steel-reinforced thermoplastic culverts shall be granular material, as specified in the contract
documents and specifications, and shall be free of organic material, rock fragments larger than 3.0 in. (1.5 in. for steelreinforced thermoplastic pipe) in the greatest dimension, and frozen lumps, and shall have a moisture content within the
limits required for compaction.


SECTION 26
Insert new Article 26.3.9:

26.3.9Steel-Reinforced Thermoplastic Culverts
Steel-reinforced thermoplastic culverts shall conform to the requirements of AASHTO MP 20.
26.4.1General
Revise sentence 1 in paragraph 1 of this Article as follows:
Corrugated metal pipe, and structural plate, and steel-reinforced thermoplastic culvert shall be assembled in
accordance with the Manufacturers instructions.
26.4.2Joints
Joints for corrugated metal culvert and drainage pipe shall meet the following performance requirements specified
in Articles 26.4.2.1 through 26.4.2.4.
Joints for steel-reinforced thermoplastic culverts shall meet the requirements of Article 26.4.2.5.
11


SECTION 26
Insert new Article 26.4.2.5:

26.4.2.5Steel-Reinforced Thermoplastic Culvert Joints
Joints for steel-reinforced thermoplastic pipe shall comply with the details shown in the contract drawings and on
the approved working drawings. Each joint shall be sealed to prevent infiltration of soil (soiltight), fines (silttight), or
water (watertight) as required by the contract documents. Field tests may be required by the Engineer whenever there is
a question regarding compliance with the contract requirements.
Joints shall be installed so that the connection of pipe sections will form a continuous surface free from
irregularities in the flow line.
C26.4.2.5
Joint types include bands, bell-and-spigot pipe ends, double-bell couplings, and fusion-welded joints. Joints may or
may not require gaskets. Other joint types may be used provided that documentation is submitted to demonstrate that the
joint meets the project requirements.
Joints are often provided as soiltight or watertight. Definitions of soiltight and silttight are vague. Examples can be
found elsewhere in this Section. Watertight joints are normally specified to meet ASTM D3212. Pressure capability of
joints shall be based on project requirements. Commonly available pressure capabilities are 2, 5, and 10 psi.
13


SECTION 26
26.5.1General
Add the following paragraph at the end of this Article:
All pipe laying, joining, and backfilling shall be in accordance with the strictest of the following requirements: the
Manufacturers instructions, the contract documents, or these Specifications.
15


SECTION 26
Revise the title of Article 26.5.7 as follows:

26.5.7Inspection Requirements for CMP
26.5.7.1Visual Inspection
Revise paragraph 1, sentence 1 of this Article as follows:
CMPAll culverts shall be inspected after placement in the trench, as required during backfilling, and after
completion of installation to ensure that final installation conditions allow the pipe to perform as designed.
Final internal inspections shall be conducted on all buried CMP installations to evaluate issues that may affect longterm performance.
Add the following paragraph to the end of this Article:
Steel reinforced thermoplastic pipe shall be inspected prior to backfilling to ensure that the external reinforcing ribs
do not lean an average of more than 15 degrees off of vertical within any 24.0-in. long continuous section of the pipe. If
this condition exists, that portion of the pipe shall be remediated or replaced.
26.5.7.2Installation Deflection
Add the following heading over all of the current text in this Article:
26.5.7.2.1Installation Deflection for CMP and Structural Plate Structures
Revise the commentary heading as follows:
C26.5.7.2.1
Insert new Article 26.5.7.2.2:
26.5.7.2.2Installation Deflection for Steel-Reinforced Thermoplastic Culverts
The pipe shall be evaluated to determine whether the internal diameter of the barrel has been reduced more than
five percent when measured not less than 30 days following completion of installation.
Pipes shall be checked for deflection using a mandrel or any other device approved by the Engineer that can
physically verify the dimensions of the pipe and that is not limited by poor lighting, waterflow, pipe length, or other
limiting conditions of the installed environment. Pipes larger than 24.0 in. may be entered and deflection levels
measured directly.
In all pipe installations, at least ten percent of the total pipe footage on the project shall be randomly selected by the
Engineer and inspected for deflection. Also, as determined by the 100 percent visual inspection in Article 26.5.7.1, all
areas in which deflection can be visually detected shall be inspected for deflection.
Where direct measurements are made, a measurement shall be taken once every 10.0 ft for the length of the pipe
and a minimum of four measurements per pipe installation are required.
If a mandrel is used for the deflection test, it shall be a nine- (or greater odd number) arm mandrel and shall be
sized and inspected by the Engineer prior to testing. A properly sized proving ring shall be used to check or test the
mandrel for accuracy. The mandrel shall be pulled through the pipe by hand with a rope or cable. Where applicable,
pulleys may be incorporated in the system to change the direction of pull so that inspection personnel need not
physically enter the pipe or manhole.
For locations where pipe deflection exceeds five percent of the inside diameter, an evaluation shall be conducted by
the Contractor utilizing a Professional Engineer and submitted to the Engineer for review and approval, taking into
consideration the severity of the deflection, structural integrity, environmental conditions, and the design service life of
the pipe. Pipe remediation or replacement shall be required for locations where the evaluation finds that the deflection
could be problematic. For locations where pipe deflection exceeds 7.5 percent of the inside diameter, remediation or
replacement of the pipe is required.
17


SECTION 26

C26.5.7.2.2
Ten percent of each pipe installation shall be defined as ten percent of the number of pipe runs, and not less than
ten percent of the total length of installed pipe on the project. The ten percent deflection testing requirement for each
pipe installation is intended to serve as a minimum and it does not limit owners from more stringent requirements.
The pipe inside diameters should be provided by the pipe manufacturer for every size and type of pipe delivered. If
the pipe inside diameter is not provided or is not available, pipe inside diameter can be developed by averaging the
diameters measured at eight equally spaced locations around a section of unloaded pipe for every given size and
manufacturer.
There are many appropriate methods suitable for measuring deflection including video inspection equipment,
mandrels, and other direct measurement devices. For pipes tested by a mandrel, the mandrel shall be pulled through the
entire pipe. Whichever method is used for deflection measurement, a minimum of ten percent of the total length of
installed pipe shall be tested, in addition to any areas that were identified in the visual inspection as having deflection.
Installed pipe deflections that exceed five percent of the initial inside diameter may indicate that the installation
was substandard. Appropriate remediation, if any, will depend on the severity of the deflection, the condition of the
pipe, and evaluation of the factor of safety using Section 12, Buried Structures and Tunnel Liners, of the AASHTO
LRFD Bridge Design Specifications. Installed pipe deflections that exceed 7.5 percent of the initial inside diameter will
require remediation or replacement of the pipe.
18


SECTION 30
SECTION 30: THERMOPLASTIC PIPE

30.1.1Description
Revise this Article as follows:
This work shall consist of furnishing, installing, and inspecting buried thermoplastic and fiberglass culverts in
conformance with these Specifications and the contract documents. Unless otherwise noted, provisions for
thermoplastic culverts shall be applicable to fiberglass culverts.
C30.1.1
Revise paragraph 1 of this Article as follows:
As used in this Specification, thermoplastic and fiberglass pipe is are defined in the AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design
Specifications, Section 12, Buried Structures and Tunnel Liners. [The fiberglass pipe definition will appear in the
2013 Interim to the AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications; publication pending as of this writing. ed.]
30.3.1Thermoplastic Culverts
Add the following paragraph to the end of this Article:
Fiberglass pipe shall conform to the material workmanship and inspection requirements of ASTM D3262.
19


SECTION 30
30.6MINIMUM COVER
Revise the title of Table 30.6-1 and add Note 1 below the table as follows:
Table 30.6-1Minimum Cover for Construction Loads1
Minimum Cover, in., for Indicated Axle Loads, kips
Nominal Pipe
Diameter, ft
2.03.0
3.54.0
4.55.0
1
18.050.0
24.0
36.0
36.0
50.075.0
30.0
36.0
36.0
75.0110.0
36.0
42.0
42.0
110.0150.0
36.0
48.0
48.0
For fiberglass pipe greater than 5.0 ft in diameter, the minimum cover requirement for 5.0-ft diameter pipe applies.
C30.6
Revise this Article as follows:
Diameters greater than 4.0 ft in Table 30.6-1 are for information only. See Tables A12-11, A12-12, and A12-13 of
the AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications for nominal sizes of thermoplastic pipe. See ASTM D3262 for
nominal sizes of fiberglass pipe.
21


SECTION 30
Revise Article 30.7.4 as follows:

30.7.4 Use of Reduced Installation FactorInspection of Special Installations
30.7.4.1Use of Reduced Installation Factor
If the thermoplastic culvert design was completed with an installation factor less than 1.5, additional deflection
checks shall be required during construction. Before the beginning of construction, the contractor shall submit and
obtain approval for a detailed construction plan that meets the performance measures specified by the Designer. This
provision is not applicable to fiberglass pipes, which do not have an optional reduced installation factor for design.
30.7.4.2Allowable Deflection for Fiberglass Culverts
Where fiberglass culverts are designed with an allowable deflection less than 5.0 percent, the allowable deflection
and the upper deflection limit where remediation or replacement is required shall be prominently displayed in the
working drawings; and the contractor shall submit an inspection plan to the Engineer for approval, acknowledging the
allowable deflection used in design and how the contractor will be evaluating that deflection in the field. The
5.0 percent maximum allowable deflection requirement in Article 30.7.2, Installation Deflection, shall be replaced by
the allowable deflection used in the design.
Insert new Commentary to Article 30.7.4.2:
C30.7.4.2
The minimum stiffness of fiberglass pipe is limited by the AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications and
ASTM D3262, which should preclude excessive deflections for properly installed pipe. However, higher stiffness
fiberglass pipe can be easily produced by increasing the quantity of glass fiber reinforcement or the wall thickness, or
both. The allowable deflection for higher stiffness pipes may need to be reduced because pipes with high values of pipe
stiffness will reach the pipes long-term ring-bending strain limit at a deflection less than 5.0 percent. Therefore, the
Engineer must communicate the allowable deflection for such pipes to the contractor and inspector, and the contractor
must submit an inspection plan to the Engineer for approval.
23


SECTION 30
30.9PAYMENT
The length as measured above will be paid for at the contract prices per linear foot bid for thermoplastic or
fiberglass pipe of the sizes specified.
30.10REFERENCES
Add the following reference:
AWWA. 2005. Fiberglass Pipe Design. AWWA Manual of Water Supply Practice M45, Second Edition. American
Water Works Association, Denver, CO.
25


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American Association of State

2012 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.

444 North Capitol Street, NW Suite 249

Pub Code: LRFDCONS-3-I3

2012 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.

2012 INTERIM TO THE AASHTO LRFD

INSTRUCTIONS AND INFORMATION

INSTRUCTIONS AND INFORMATION

SECTION 26: METAL CULVERTS

SECTION 30: THERMOPLASTIC PIPE

2012 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.

2012 INTERIM TO THE AASHTO LRFD

SECTION 11: STEEL STRUCTURES

Over 0.75 to 1.0,

Over 1.0 to 2.0,

2012 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.

2012 INTERIM TO THE AASHTO LRFD

2012 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.

2012 INTERIM TO THE AASHTO LRFD

2012 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.

2012 INTERIM TO THE AASHTO LRFD

2012 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.

2012 INTERIM TO THE AASHTO LRFD

SECTION 26: METAL CULVERTS

2012 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.

2012 INTERIM TO THE AASHTO LRFD

2012 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.

2012 INTERIM TO THE AASHTO LRFD

Insert new Article 26.3.9:

2012 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.

2012 INTERIM TO THE AASHTO LRFD

Insert new Article 26.4.2.5:

2012 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.

2012 INTERIM TO THE AASHTO LRFD

2012 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.

2012 INTERIM TO THE AASHTO LRFD

Revise the title of Article 26.5.7 as follows:

2012 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.

2012 INTERIM TO THE AASHTO LRFD

Insert new commentary to this Article:

2012 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.

2012 INTERIM TO THE AASHTO LRFD

SECTION 30: THERMOPLASTIC PIPE

2012 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.

2012 INTERIM TO THE AASHTO LRFD

2012 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.

2012 INTERIM TO THE AASHTO LRFD

Revise Article 30.7.4 as follows:

2012 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.

2012 INTERIM TO THE AASHTO LRFD

2012 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.

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