PROGRAM BCA - SEMESTER - 4

SUBJECT CODE & NAME - BCA 4030 - SYSTEM

SOFTWARE
1. What is binding time? Write short on static and
dynamic binding.
Binding Times:
Binding time is the time at which a binding is performed. Thus the type
attribute of variable var is bound to typ when its declaration is processed. The
size attribute of typ is bound to a value sometime prior to this binding. We are
interested in the following binding times:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Language Definition time of L

Language implementation time of L
Compilation time of P
Execution init time of proc
Execution time of proc.

Where L is a programming language, P is a program written in L and proc is a

procedure in P. Note that language implementation time is the time when a
language translator is designed. The preceding list of

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2. What is Language Processor? Explain the two

Language processing activities.
A language processor is a hardware device designed or used to perform tasks,
such as processing program code to machine code. Language processors are found
in languages such as Fortran and COBOL.
Mainly, computer programming languages are classified in three categories,
they are, machine language, assembly language and high level language.
Machine language is machine readable language that is a pattern of bits (binary
representation) and can directly executable by the CPU (Central Processing
Unit). Assembly language uses mnemonic codes to represent the low-level
machine operations. These instructions should be converted into machine
instruction for further processing. For this, one of the language processor
called Language translator is used. Assembler is the

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3. What is an assembly language? Explain its basic

features. State the advantage and disadvantages
of coding in assembly language.
Assembler is a program, which translates Assembly Language Program (ALP)
into machine language program (object program). It places the object program in
the secondary memory.
An assembly language is a machine dependent, low level programming
language which is specific to a certain computer system ( or a family of
computer systems). Compared to the machine language of a computer
system, it provides three basic features which simplify programming:
1. Mnemonic operation codes: Use of mnemonic operation codes (also called
mnemonic opcodes) for machine instructions eliminates the need to memorize
numeric operation codes. It also enables the assembler to provide
helpful
diagnostics, for example indication of misspell of operation codes.

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4. List and explain the devices which are

distinguished and classified by UNIX/Linux OS and
are attached to the computer devices
Classes of Devices
UNIX/Linux OS distinguishes and classifies devices that
computer devices into three fundamental device types.

are

attached to the

They are :
(i) Character devices
(ii) Block devices
(iii) Network interfaces.
The modules developed as a device driver are usually implemented for one of these
types of devices. Depending upon the device types, the modulesfor device driver
can be classified as :
(i) a char module
(ii) a block module
(iii) a network module
Although the modules are programmed and divided into classes, it is the freedom
of programmer to either build huge modules implementing different drivers in
a single chunk of code or build into

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5. Explain briefly Android Architecture Libraries.

Android Architecture Libraries
On top of the kernel are the libraries. Android includes a set of C/C++
libraries written as modules of code that are compiled down to native
machine code. It controls the device to handle different kinds of data
efficiently. These libraries tell the device how to handle different kinds of data
and are exposed to Android developers via Android application framework. It
provides some of the common services that are available for applications and
various components of the Android system. It exposes its capabilities through
Android application framework.
Libraries in Android architecture include the Surface Manager, Media
Framework, WebKit, SQLite, OpenGL/ES, FreeType, SGL, SSL, Libc. These native
libraries run as processes within the underlying

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6. Write the Steps for addressing UPnP device

with proper flowchart.

The Steps for UPnP device addressing with proper flowchart are as follows:
Step1: Try to obtain an address via DHCP
First, a UPnP device must try to get an address from a DHCP server. If the device
successfully acquires an address, it is ready to continue with subsequent UPnP
phases.
Step2: Failing DHCP, proceed with Auto-IP
If the UPnP device fails to acquire an address from a DHCP server, it begins the
process of selecting and testing an IP address.

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