PROGRAM - MBA - SEMESTER - 4

SUBJECT CODE & NAME QM0024: MANAGING

QUALITY IN ORGANIZATIONS
1. What is meant by organizing? Explain the need
for organizing. Discuss the role of Top Management
in Organizing for Quality Management.
Meaning of organizing
Every organisation strives to meet its goals and objectives within stipulated time.
This is because if goals and objectives are not achieved on time, it may incur
business losses for the organisation. To accomplish its targets within the given
time, the organisation needs to organise its various processes and resources.
Therefore, the organisation should have an efficient organising function.
According to Louis Allen, Organizing is the process of identifying and
grouping the work to be performed, defining and delegating responsibility and
authority, and establishing relationships for the purpose of enabling people to
work most effectively together in accomplishing objectives.

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2.
Define the term Leadership. Describe the
major leadership theories.

Definition of leadership
Leadership is a process of influencing employees to accomplish organisational
goals and objectives. According to Management guru Peter F. Drucker, Leadership
is the lifting of peoples vision to a higher sight, the raising of their performance
to a higher standard, the building of their personality beyond its normal
limitation.
In todays competitive and dynamic scenario, the long-term sustainability of an
organisation depends on its level of leadership. It is the ability of an
individual who is known as a leader to motivate others to work with
confidence and zeal to attain the pre-determined goals. Leaders in an

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3. Explain - Decision Making Process in detail.

Decision Making Process
Every decision involves a certain amount of risk. For example, an
organisation has made a decision to expand its business by entering into a
new market. The risks involved in this decision can be failure of the
business, high competition, unsuitable marketing conditions, etc. Therefore,
a decision maker needs to analyse the business environment, select
appropriate alternatives, and optimise the available resources before
making any decision. Moreover, the decision maker has to adopt a stepbystep approach to decision making. Below

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4. Explain Kotters Eight step Model of Change

Management
Kotters eight step model
Kotter, based on his research on change management, identified eight generic
errors that organisations tend to make during change management. These errors
lead to failure of the change managementprocess. Based on these errors, he
suggested an eight step plan for successful change
management. These steps are explained as follows:
1. Establishing a sense of urgency: Kotter has suggested that it is important
for an organisation to develop urgency for change. For this, organisations should
educate their employees about the benefits of change. Without a sense of
urgency, it would be difficult to motivate employees for the change and make
them come out of their comfort zones. Apart from this, to create a sense of

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5. Define performance measurement. Explain why
it is needed for an organization?
Performance measurement
Performance measurement is basically an overall management system that
aims at preventing and detecting flaws in order to achieve conformance of
the quality of products, services, or processes to customer requirements. In
addition, it aims at process optimisation by achieving increased
efficiency and effectiveness of products, services, and processes.
Performance measurement involves defining metrics, gathering and
analysing data, and taking improvement actions. Performance measurement
plays a key role in:

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6. Write short notes on:

a) Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)

b) CSR Initiatives in India
a) Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)
Organisations are an essential element of societies in which they operate. The longterm success of organisations is based on their continued strong relationships with
different individuals, groups, and institutions in societies. The people in a society
have high expectations from private organisations to
behave in a responsible manner. For example, the business activities of
organisations should not harm people in a society and the natural
environment.
Similarly, customers of organisations expect high quality products and services
at competitive prices. Moreover, shareholders nowadays look for enhanced
financial performance in alignment with social and environmental considerations in
terms of both risks and opportunities. Governments also

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