PROGRAM MBA - SEMESTER IV

SUBJECT CODE & NAME OM 0017 ADVANCED

PRODUCTION AND PLANNING CONTROL
1.
Explain Various
Planning and Control.

Functions

of

Production

Main Functions of Production Planning and Control (PPC)

The main activities encompassing Production Planning and Control (PPC) are as
follows:
(i) Order preparation: The work of PPC begins once an order is received from the
sales department. This order is then converted into a work order or shop order
and sent to various departments concerned, action planning.
(ii) Materials planning:On receiving the order PPC decides the raw materials
required for manufacturing, considering the capacity of various production shops,
the bill of materials, inventory on hand, and lead time for procurement.

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2. Explain the concept of Master Schedule.
Also define the Characteristics of the master
schedule.
Concept of Master Schedule
Master schedule is the presentation of the production schedule at the
summary level, depicting various key elements, resulting from the process of
master scheduling. In simple words, it can also be said that the master schedule is
a plan or format that integrates and relates other production processes such

as demand management, inventory planning and capacity planning.

presented in the form of master schedule grid .

It

is

Master schedule is created during the process of master scheduling, where it is

reviewed so that the adjustments and changes can be made to the master
production schedule if required. Let us now dwell on various features of a master
schedule:

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3. Define the various steps of VA.

Steps in Value analysis
VA is used to study the value of the substitute in terms of its
functionality or the performance and is divided into five steps as follows:

Step
Step
Step
Step
Step

1:
2:
3:
4:
5:

Information stage
Functional analysis
Brain storming
Evaluation
Implementation

The VA should be done as team work, because a lot of creativity and

interdisciplinary thinking is required in it. Let us now discuss each step in
detail:

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4.
a.
b.
c.
d.

Write Short notes on

Hybrid 1: MRP with lean principles
Hybrid 2: Kanban with MRP planning
Hybrid 3: MRP for capacity and long lead time
Hybrid 4: Pull system with spike control

a. Hybrid 1: MRP with lean principles

When the demand pattern is very stable and has a radical design change of
product, most of the planning and execution can be achieved by using MRP.
However, to provide better stability to the system, some of the lean
principles are also used to integrate with MRP. One of the disadvantages of
MRP is that it needs timely and accurate information data, and information
in a highly volatile environment, such as a recession, inflation, political
turmoil, etc., is difficult to implement. In these situations, market
demand changes rapidly making MRP neither cost effective nor easy to
implement.

MRP is a top-down methodology, meaning that it depends on forecasts for

materials planning. However, lean production works towards the top,
where actual customer

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5.
Differentiate between Mass Production and
Batch Production.
Mass Production
A term sometimes used in the popular press for a line process that uses the maketo-stock strategy. Mass production is the process of producing similar types of goods
in large numbers. It often uses assembly line technology for production. Mass
production is a low-cost, time-saving process and
produces standardised products. In addition, mass production allows a
manufacturer to produce a larger quantity using lesser workforce, so that the
goods can be bought at lower costs. Mass production takes advantage of both
highly-skilled and un-skilled labour. Highly-skilled labour usually design a
product along with setting up a system for its production, while unskilled
labour

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6. Elaborate various Elements of cost.

Concept of Cost
According to ICAI, India, Cost is the measurement in monetary terms of the
amount of resources used for the purpose of production of goods or
rendering services. Cost is a function of output,and hence, whenever there
is a change in the output, the cost also tends to change. There can
be different types of costs such as prime, direct, indirect, fixed, period,
product, controllable, opportunity, sunk, out-of-pocket and conversion.
In earlier times, business persons used to consider factory cost, office cost,
and cost of sales, to determine the cost of product, but now, the total cost
also includes cost of goods sold

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