PROGRAM - MBA

SEMESTER - III
SUBJECT CODE & NAME IB0011 International
Marketing
1.
Briefly explain the concept of international
marketing with suitable examples.
Concept of International Marketing
The concept of International Marketing primarily involves an
application of marketing tools and techniques to develop and
manage trade across international boundaries. The principle
of international marketing in its simplest meaning is based
upon an understanding of the consumer needs in global
markets. Therefore, the traditional definition of a successful
marketing programme focuses on two concepts, determining the
needs of market consumers in a selected market, delivering
those needs and serving those consumers in a better manner
than other global players in consonance with

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2. Write short notes on the following:

a. Intellectual property
b. Counterfeiting
a. Intellectual property
Intellectual Property (IP) is defined by World Intellectual
Property Organisation (WIPO) as creations of the mind such
as inventions, literary and artistic works and symbols,
names, images and designs used in commerce. Copyright,
patent and industrial designs are some of the intellectual
properties. Copyright relates to the rights of creators of literary,
scientific and artistic works while patents give exclusive rights to
inventors.
Inventions can be patented only if they are new, not obvious and
capable of industrial applications. Industrial designs are new
or original aesthetic

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3.
What are the criteria of
international market entry modes?

selection

Selection of International Market Entry Modes

of

Once we know about the various entry modes, one has to

decide an entry mode best suited for the firms requirements
in the international markets.
Entry modes may vary from company to company or even
for a single company depending upon a variety of factors as
discussed below:
Size of the company Generally, larger companies
have large financial resources and manpower skill to
handle international operations in a competitively better
manner. Therefore, they enter the international markets
using the investment and long-term commitment.

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4.
What is counter-trade? Describe the
various types of counter-trade.
Counter-Trade
Counter-trade is one of the oldest forms of trade wherein the buyer
pays something other than money for purchase of goods and services.
It is a practice that requires a seller as a condition of sale to commit

contractually to reciprocate and undertake certain business initiatives

that compensate and benefit the buyer.
Counter-trade has been on the rise, primarily due to its inherent advantages
vis--vis monetary transaction, such as:

It provides a trade financing alternative to those countries that have

an international debt and liquidity problems.
It helps to access new markets where payment problems exist.
It helps promote bilateral trade agreements between the governments.

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5. Differentiate between direct and indirect

distribution channels in international marketing.
Indirect channel
An indirect channel is employed when a manufacturer in a
country markets his/her products through another firm located in
the domestic market, which acts as the manufacturer's sales
intermediary (middleman). For instance, an Indian firm making
use of another Indian firm located domestically to market its
product overseas. Here, the sales intermediary is just another

local firm for the manufacturer because there are

dealings with a foreign firm
abroad. There are several advantages to be gained by
employing an indirect

no

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6. Explain export transaction framework.
Export Transaction Framework
Export transaction starts when an exporter finds a buyer in a
foreign country and enters into an export contract with him/her.
This contract should clearly specify the type, quantity and quality
of goods; terms of payment, date of delivery, port of loading
and discharge; shipping, packing and labelling; insurance and
validity of the contract.
International commercial terms (INCOTERMS) are the shipping
and delivery terms accepted and known internationally. The
contract will indicate the incoterms

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