Tools and protocols for the

calculation of carbon emissions

in the wine-making process
Dr. Ignacio Snchez Recarte
Head of the Economy and Law Unit

EcoSostenibleWine 2010
Vilafranca del Peneds June 2010

OIV - 18, rue dAguesseau F-75008 Paris - France

Phone : +33 (0) 1 44 94 80 80 - Fax : +33 (0) 1 42 66 90 63 - E-mail : isanchez@oiv.int - http://www.oiv.int 1
BASIC PROBLEMATIC
Global Warming

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 BASIC PROBLEMATIC
Global Warming GHG emission by sector

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INTERNATIONAL RESPONSES

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 INTERNATIONAL RESPONSES
National and private initiatives

General Standard

National PAS 2050

Calculators

Labels

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 INTERNATIONAL RESPONSES
Influence on Consumer Behaviour

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 WHAT ARE WE REALLY DEALING WITH?

Consumer expectations?
Retailers demands
Product Influence consumer choice
Protocol Labelling
Retailer pressure on producers

Pressure for bottling in destination

Internal tool for the company

Company Company
Protocol declaration

Government tax

Impossible to accomplish
Zero Emissions
expectations
No transparency Paying for bad practices
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 WINE SECTOR RESPONSE

Generic calculators already applied in the wine sector

Specific calculators for the wine industry

International Wine
Carbon Calculator
Protocol

Sometimes Requested calculator (in UK)

PAS 2050

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 WINE SECTOR RESPONSE
BILAN CARBONE - ADEME

Enterprise or community oriented

Very detailed

INCLUDES
Energy

Transports
o Products
o Persons (business travels and transport to work)

Infrastructures and Capital items

Inputs

Recycling

Services - Oenoturism
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 WINE SECTOR RESPONSE
FIVS International Wine Carbon Calculator Protocol

Swinging between product and enterprise

Very flexible

International Wine
Carbon Calculator
Protocol

INCLUDES
Barrels
Wine making additives

EXCLUDES
Not owned machines not controlled emissions
Business travel
Capital items
Short term carbon cycle 10
 WINE SECTOR RESPONSE
PAS 2050

PAS 2050 Product Protocol

Based on LCA and ISO Standards

INCLUDES
Land use changes
100-year assessment period for carbon of biogenic origin is stored in
the product
Not for human ingestion
1 year storage of at least 50% of the mass of carbon removed
from the atmosphere
Result of human action (managed forestry)
Transport emissions of the return journey

EXCLUDES
Changes in the carbon content of soils
Emissions from the production of capital goods
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 OIV RESPONSE

F. GREENHOUSE EFFECT : CARBON DIOXYDE

BALANCE

Points Actions

Identify and analyse factors responsible for

OIV STRATEGIC PLAN
2009 2012
Adopted by the OIV
Extraordinary General Asambly
the 24 October de 2008
F.1
greenhouse effect
Develop methodology for calculating
carbon balance for vine products including
F.2 production, processing, packaging and
distribution (in direct and indirect procedures
of vitivinicultural products)

Harmonised Protocol
Specific for the wine sector
Base for the development of calculators
Adopted in October 2010?

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 GENERAL FRAMEWORK
Reference documents

Origin DOCUMENT
UN (UNEP) Life Cycle Assessment
UE (EEA)
ISO ISO 14044 (Environmental management - Life cycle
assessment - Requirements and guidelines)
ISO 14064 (Criteria for the accounting and check of
Greenhouse gases)
AU/NZ/SA/California - International Wine Carbon Calculator Protocol
FIVS
ADEME - France Bilan Carbone
DEFRA UK PAS 2050

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 DRAFT
OIV GreenHouse Gas Accounting Protocol
(OIV GHGAP)

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 OIV GreenHouse Gas Accounting Protocol
Objective

1. PRODUCT PROTOCOL - PP

ISO definition of product: any good or service

PAS 2050
Based in the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) IWCCP
Emissions from production to final distribution
of the wine
Use Labelling initiatives?

2. ENTERPRISE PROTOCOL - EP

Emissions associated to the company activities

Bilan Carbone
Exact determination of Controlled activities IWCCP

Use Internal tool for the company

New green tax?

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 OIV GreenHouse Gas Accounting Protocol
Boundaries

Assignation of emissions for EP Assignation of emissions for PP

Business-to-business Business-to-consumer
Selling contract clauses Based in LCA

[]

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 OIV GreenHouse Gas Accounting Protocol
General Rules - Premises

Short-term carbon cycle EXCLUDED (nota for semi-permanent structures)

Fermentation - Wine

Waste treatment

Degradation or
combustion

Land use change EXCLUDED

Components that contribute less that 1% EXCLUDED

Limits of the rule
Data relevance and accuracy

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 OIV GreenHouse Gas Accounting Protocol
Carbon sinks

Vineyard
A priori included in the short term carbon cycle
Review the inclusion of carbon vine sequestration in the long term cycle

Cover Crop
Included in the short term carbon cycle

Forest
Owned or managed Included in the long term carbon cycle

Soil
A priori included in the short term carbon cycle
Review the possibility of including it in the long term cycle

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 OIV GreenHouse Gas Accounting Protocol
Energy

Amonut of energy
used
PURCHASED POWER UTILITY
Fuel, electricity and heat Average emission
factor

Amonut of energy
ONSITE GENERATION OF ELECTRICITY used
Average emission
factor

EMISSIONS FROM FOSSIL SOURCES INCLUDED EP and PP

EMISSIONS FROM BIOMASS AND BIOFUELS Biogenic EXCLUDED

Production INCLUDED

EMISSIONS FROM METHANE COMBUSTION FROM WASTE EXCLUDED if biogenic

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 OIV GreenHouse Gas Accounting Protocol
Infrastructure and capital items

INFRASTRUCTURES are EXCLUDED

Cellar, warehouse

What about the

eco-construction ?
Roads, parking

No difference between
CAPITAL GOODS
OWNED or NOT OWNED
Production - EXCLUDED
Transport to place of use INCLUDED; for EP see contract details
Maintenance and Use Included in the activities of the company
Disposal No mention so excluded
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 OIV GreenHouse Gas Accounting Protocol
Inputs

INPUTS

Production EXCLUDED from EP but INCLUDED in the PP

Transport to place of use INCLUDED in the EP (contract clauses) and PP
Use INCLUDED in the EP and PP

PREMISES

Apply 1% emission rule

Analyse the existence of relevant data

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OIV GreenHouse Gas Accounting Protocol
Barrels

Capital item

Emissions from Production are EXCLUDED

Input

Emissions from Production are INCLUDED

Characteristic element of the sector

VS
Simplicity and carbon footprint reduction
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 OIV GreenHouse Gas Accounting Protocol
Transport and Travels

Movement of Product Protocol inclusion

Transport of capital goods from their purchased point EP: see contract
to the place of use PP: yes
Transport of inputs from their purchased point to the EP: see contract
place of use PP: yes
Transport activities during the wine making process: EP: yes
- Vineyard and cellar PP: yes
Transport of the wine from the winery to the: EP: see contract
1. Retailer / Tax warehouse PP: yes
2. Final consumer (internet sales)
Transport of product residues to a recycling centre EP: yes (no if future input)
PP: yes (no if future input)
Transport of waste to its disposal centre EP: yes/ no
Inside/outside company boundaries PP: yes/ yes
Transport of by-products to its reuse centre EP: yes/ no
Inside/outside company boundaries PP: yes/ no
Return journey of a vehicle when the vehicle does not EP: no
transport products on its return PP: no
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 OIV GreenHouse Gas Accounting Protocol
Transport and Travels

Movement of People Protocol

Travels of employees to and from their place of EP: no
work within the company PP: no
Business travels EP: yes
PP: no
Transport of consumers to and from the point of EP: no
retail purchase PP: no

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 OIV GreenHouse Gas Accounting Protocol
Disposal and Reuse

PREMISES

INCLUDED if inside company boundaries

EXCLUDED for EP if outside company boundaries

CO2 emissions from aerobic waste treatment (arising from biogenic

carbon waste) is considered as part of short term carbon cycle

PREMISES

INCLUDED if inside company boundaries ex. marc sale

Important to analyse the company control

boundaries contract clauses
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 OIV GreenHouse Gas Accounting Protocol
Recycling

PREMISES

Emissions related to recycling activities are in general INCLUDED

Avoid double counting of emissions in relation to:
a) the production of the input
b) the emissions in the recycling process
Analyse boundaries when

Recycled
Input
good

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 OIV GreenHouse Gas Accounting Protocol
Production / Recycling Wine bottles

Silica

Alkali
Raw materials
Limestone

[]

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 OIV GreenHouse Gas Accounting Protocol
PAS 2050: Production / Recycling Wine bottles

The emissions shall reflect the

PAS 2050 product specific recycle content
and/or recycling rate

Emissions/ unit = (1-R1) x EV + (R1xER) + (1-R2) x ED

Use of raw material Disposal of waste

Use of cullet
R1 = proportion of recycled material input
R2 = proportion of material in the product that
is recycled at the end of life Data from which country?
ER = emissions arising from recycled material input
EV = emissions arising from virgin material input
o producer?
ED = emissions arising from disposal of waste material o consumer? 28
 OIV GreenHouse Gas Accounting Protocol
Production / Recycling Wine bottles

Silica

Alkali
Raw materials
Limestone

[]

RECYCLING PRODUCTION of INPUT

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 SUMMARY

Climate Change and greenhouse effect are an important problematic the

wine sector will have to deal with

Responses to this problematic will certainly have an influence on the wine

market

The wine sector needs a coordinated response

The response must be scientifically acceptable for all the agents

The OIV is preparing an harmonised protocol, not a new one

The OIV Protocol will serve as a basis for the development of calculators

The OIV Protocol will be under continuous improvement

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Gracias por su atencin

OIV - 18, rue dAguesseau F-75008 Paris - France

Phone : +33 (0) 1 44 94 80 80
isanchez@oiv.int - http://www.oiv.int
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