Angle of Deviation in Prism

A Project Report
Submitted by
Aashray Kotha
CBSE GRADE XII
PHYSICS

Nehru Smarka Vidyalaya Kendra

244/C, 32 Cross, 7th block, 2nd Main Rd,
Jayanagar, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560082

2016-17

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that Aashray Kotha of Grade XII in Nehru Smarka
Vidyalaya Kendra, Bangalore, with registration number has successfully
completed the project in Physics on the topic Angle of Deviation in
Hollow Prism in partial fulfilment of the requirements stated by CBSE in
the year 2016-17.

Signature of the Candidate

Signature of Teacher In Charge

Signature of Principal

Signature of External Examiner

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I warmly acknowledge the continuous encouragement and timely

suggestions offered by our dear Chairman Mr. D Muniraju, and Mr.
Ashish. I extend my hearty thanks also to our principal, Mr. Arokia
Raj, for giving me the opportunity to make use of the facilities
available in the campus to carry out the project successfully.

I am highly indebted to my Physics teacher, Mr. Jayaprakash, for the

constant supervision, providing necessary information and support
in completing the project. I would like to express my gratitude
towards him for his kind co-operation and encouragement.

Finally, I extend my gratitude to one and all who are directly or indirectly

involved in the successful completion of this project work.

Aashray Kotha

INDEX
AIM
INTRODUCTION
REQUIREMENTS
PROCEDURE
OBSERVATION
RESULT
PRECAUTIONS
OF ERROR

BIBLIOGRAPHY

AND SOURCES

AIM
TO INVESTIGATE THE
DEPENDENCE OF THE ANGLE OF
DEVIATION, ON THE ANGLE OF
INCIDENCE , USING HOLLOW
PRISM FILLED WITH DIFFERENT
TRANSPARENT FLUIDS.

INTRODUCTION

REFRACTION:

THE PHENOMENON OF BENDING OF

LIGHT FROM ITS STRAIGHT LINE PATH ON THE

SURFACE OF SEPARATION OF TWO OPTICAL MEDIA
IS KNOWN AS REFRACTION OF LIGHT.

LAW OF REFRACTION ( SNELLS LAW) : THE RATIO

OF THE SINE OF THE ANGLE OF INCIDENCE TO THE
SINE OF ANGLE OF REFRACTION IS CONSTANT FOR A
GIVEN PAIR OF MEDIA AND FOR A GIVEN COLOUR OF
LIGHT. SYMBOLICALLY ,

( = REFRACTIVE INDEX)
REFRACTIVE INDEX: REFRACTIVE INDEX OF A
MEDIUM FOR A GIVEN WAVELENGTH OF LIGHT IS
DEFINED AS:

C/V

ANGLE OF INCIDENCE: THE ANGLE BETWEEN THE

INCIDENT RAY AND THE NORMAL RAY.

ANGLE OF DEVIATION: THE ANGLE BETWEEN THE

INCIDENT RAY AND THE EMERGENT RAY IS CALLED THE
ANGLE OF DEVIATION DENOTED BY LETTER D OR .

MINIMUM DEVIATION: WHEN A PRISM IS SO PLACED WITH

RESPECT TO THE INCIDENT RAY THAT THE ANGLE OF
DEVIATION PRODUCED BY IT IS MINIMUM, THEN THE
PRISM IS SAID TO BE IN THE POSITION OF MINIMUM
DEVIATION.

DISPERSION: THE PHENOMENON OF SEPARATION OF

WHITE LIGHT INTO ITS COMPONENT COLORS DUE TO
VARIATION IN VELOCITIES OF DIFFERENT COLORS
WHILE PASSING THROUGH THE PRISM IS CALLED
DISPERSION OF LIGHT.

REQUIREMENTS
DRAWING SHEET
DRAWING BOARD
PINS
PENCIL
HOLLOW GLASS PRISMS
GLYCERINE
VINEGAR
WATER
PROTRACTOR
RULER

PROCEDURE
FIX THE SHEET OF WHITE PAPER ON THE DRAWING
BOARD WITH DRAWING PINS.
PLACE THE PRISM FILLED WITH LIQUID ON THE PAPER
AND TRACE ITS BOUNDARY ABC.

MARK A POINT O ON ONE OF THE REFRACTING

SURFACES AND DRAW A NORMAL TO THE SURFACE AT
THIS POINT.

DRAW A STRAIGHT LINE PQ CORRESPONDING TO

INCIDENT RAY DRAWN AT A SUITABLE ANGLE WITH THE
NORMAL.

FIX TWO PINS P AND Q ABOUT 5CM APART ON THE

INCIDENT RAY LINE AN VIEW ITS IMAGE WITH ONE
EYE CLOSED FROM THE SIDE AC OF THE PRISM. FIX
TWO PINS R AND S SUCH THAT THE TIPS OF THESE
PINS AND THE TIPS OF THE IMAGES OF THE INCIDENT
RAY PINS P , Q LIE IN THE SAME STRAIGHT LINE.

ENCIRCLE THE PIN PRICKS ON THE PAPER. REMOVE THE

PINS P , Q AND ALSO ENCIRCLE THEIR PIN PRICKS.

JOIN POINTS S AND R AND PRODUCE IT BACKWARDS

TO MEET THE INCIDENT RAY PQ PRODUCED. THUS, RS
IS THE EMERGENT RAY CORRESPONDING TO THE
INCIDENT RAY PQ. DRAW ARROW HEADS TO SHOW
THE DIRECTION OF THE RAYS.

 MEASURE THE ANGLE OF DEVIATION WITH A

PROTRACTOR AND MEASURE PRISM ANGLE.

OBSERVATIONS
GLYCERINE
S.NO

ANGLE OF INCIDENCE

ANGLE OF
DEVIATION

01.

30

45

02.

40

38

03.

50

40

04.

60

48

VINEGAR
S.NO

ANGLE OF
INCIDENCE

ANGLE OF
DEVIATION

01.

30

20

02.

40

25

03.

50

28

04.

60

30

S.NO

WATER
ANGLE OF INCIDENCE ANGLE OF
DEVIATION

01.

30

24

02.

40

23

03.

50

20

04.

60

27

RESULT
THE ANGLE OF DEVIATION FIRST
DECREASES WITH INCREASE IN ANGLE OF
INCIDENCE ATTAINS A MINIMUM VALUE
AND THEN INCREASES WITH FURTHER
INCREASE IN ANGLE OF INCIDENCE.

PRECAUTIONS AND SOURCES OF

ERROR

A SHARP PENCIL SHOULD BE USED.

PROPER ARROWS SHOULD BE DRAWN TO
INDICATE THE INCIDENT, THE REFRACTED AND
THE EMERGENT RAY.
A SMOOTH CURVE PASSING THROUGH ALL THE
POINT SHOULD BE DRAWN.
THE ANGLE OF PRISM SHOULD BE USED FOR ALL
OBSERVATIONS.
PINS SHOULD HAVE SHARP TIPS AND BE FIXED
VERTICALLY.
VISIBILITY OF PINS MAY BE LOW FOR
COLOURED LIQUIDS, THEY MAY BE
ILLUMINATED BY A SOURCE OF WHITE LIGHT.

BIBLIOGRAPHY
WIKIPEDIA
LAB MANUAL CLASS XII