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FUNCTIONAL HARDWARE OF PC
CONCEPT OF HARDWARE AND SOFTWARESOFTWARE- Software is set of instructions or data that can be store
electronically.
There are two types of softwares-1) System software (operating
systems)
2) Application software (programs)
HARDWARE- Hardware is the storage device and display device.
PC SPECIFICATIONMOTHERBOARD-
if the data is bad. The fact that such memory can never be changed is a
large drawback; more recently, ROM commonly refers to memory that is
read-only in normal operation, while reserving the fact of some possible
way to change it.
3)PROM-A programmable read-only memory (PROM) or field
programmable read-only memory (FPROM) or one-time programmable
non-volatile memory (OTP NVM) is a form of digital memory where the
setting of each bit is locked by a fuse or antifuse. They are a type of
ROM (read-only memory) meaning the data in them is permanent and
cannot be changed. PROMs are used in digital electronic devices to store
permanent data, usually low level programs such as firmware
(microcode). The key difference from a standard ROM is that the data is
written into a ROM during manufacture, while with a PROM the data is
programmed into them after manufacture. Thus, ROMs tend to be used
only for large production runs with well-verified data, while PROMs are
used to allow companies to test on a subset of the devices in an order
before burning data into all of them.
4.Peripheral devices
Introduction-Computer system mainly designed to accept input data
through input device process it and display or print the results.
INPUT DEVICESTHERE ARE FOLLOWING TYPES OF INPUT DEVICES:
1) KEYBOARDIn computing, a computer keyboard is a typewriter-style device which
uses an arrangement of buttons or keys to act as mechanical levers or
electronic switches. Following the decline of punch cards and paper
tape, interaction via teleprinter-style keyboards became the main input
device for computers.
1) Keyboard allows all alphanumeric set 0-9, A to Z in small and capital.
2) Keyboard available in two types1) 84 keys
2) 101 enhanced keys
2) MOUSEA computer mouse is a pointing device (hand control) that detects twodimensional motion relative to a surface. This motion is typically
translated into the motion of a pointer on a display, which allows for fine
control of a graphical user interface.
Physically, a mouse consists of an object held in one's hand, with one or
more buttons. Mice often also feature other elements, such as touch
repeatedly passing a laser beam back and forth over a negatively charged
cylindrical drum to define a differentially-charged image. The drum then
selectively collects electrically charged powdered ink (toner), and
transfers the image to paper, which is then heated in order to
permanently fuse the text and/or imagery. As with digital
photocopiers and
multifunction/all-in-one inkjet
printers,
laser printers employ axerographic printing process. However, laser
printing differs from analog photocopiers in that the image is produced
by the direct scanning of the medium across the printer's photoreceptor.
This enables laser printing to copy images more quickly than most
photocopiers.
Invented at Xerox PARC in the 1970s, laser printers were introduced for
the office and then home markets in subsequent years by IBM, Canon,
Xerox, Apple, Hewlett-Packard and many others. Over the decades,
quality and speed have increased as price has fallen, and the once
cutting-edge printing devices are now ubiquitous.
plastic, or other substrates. Inkjet printers are the most commonly used
type of printer, and range from small inexpensive consumer models to
expensive professional machines.
The concept of inkjet printing originated in the 20th century, and the
technology was first extensively developed in the early 1950s. Starting
in the late 1970s inkjet printers that could reproduce digital images
generated by computers were developed, mainly by Epson, HewlettPackard (HP), and Canon. In the worldwide consumer market, four
manufacturers account for the majority of inkjet printer sales: Canon,
HP, Epson, and Lexmark, a 1991 spin-off from IBM.
The emerging ink jet material deposition market also uses inkjet
technologies, typically print heads using piezoelectric crystals, to deposit
materials directly on substrates.