ALLOWABLE STRESS DESIGN FLOWCHART

FOR
AISC MANUAL OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION, NINTH EDITION
APPENDIX A
ALLOWABLE NORMAL STRESS CALCULATION

SHEN-YEH CHEN, PH.D.

Aug, 1995
All Rights Reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced for commercial purpose, in any form or by any
means, without permission in writing from the author.

DISCLAIMER AND COPYRIGHT NOTICE

The author makes no warranty of any kind, expressed or implied, with regard to any text, the algorithms and the program contained in this
book. The author shall not be reliable in any event for incidental or consequential damages in connection with, or arising out of, the furnishing,
performance, or use of this text, algorithms and programs.
You may distribute this documentation for educational purpose, provided that none of the text in this documentation has been modified or
deleted. This includes, but not limited to, cover page, disclaimer and copyright notice and all remaining pages. For commercial usage of this
documentation, the reader should contact the author directly for details. If you use any information in this documentation, you need to refer to this
documentation, or the following reference

S-Y. Chen, December 1997, Using Genetic Algorithms for the Optimal Design of Structural Systems, Dissertation for Doctor of Philosophy,
Department of Civil Engineering, Arizona State University.

BENDING : I & CHANNEL : X-AXIS

lb Lc

Hybrid Girder or Fy 65ksi

NOT Hybrid, and Fy 65ksi

bf
95
>
2 t f
F

bf
95
>
2 t f
Fy

slender section (1)

bf
95

2 t f
Fy

Fb = 0.6 Fy

(F1-5)

slender section (1)

b
65
95
< f
t

2
f
Fy
Fy

Fb = Fy [0.79 0.002

Built-Up
NOT Built-Up

bf
2 t f

d
satisfies Eqn(1)
tw

Fy
kc

(F1-4)

Fb = Fy [0.79 0.002

bf
2 t f

Fy ]
(F1-3)

bf
65

2 t f
Fy

d
NOT satisfies Eqn(1)
tw

Fb = 0.6 Fy *(NOTE)

(F1-5)

d
satisfies Eqn(1)
tw

Fb = 0.66 Fy

(F1-1)

d
NOT satisfies Eqn(1)
tw

Fb = 0.6 Fy *(NOTE)

(F1-5)

f
f
640
d
for a 016
. :
. 3.74 a

10
Fy
tw
Fy

Fy
4.05
h

IF : > 70 k c =
0.46

f
257
d
tw
h

(F1-4)
Eqn(1) : for a > 016
. :
kc :

tw

Fy
tw
Fy

.
ELSE : k c = 10

f a = 0, if member is in tension

Fy

*(NOTE) : Slender section design is required only for compression elements.

3

(TBL B5.1)

(B5.2)

lb > L c

bf
95
>
2 t f
Fy
bf
95

2 t f
Fy

slender section (1)

I sections

tahe the maximum of (a) & (b)

Channel

use (b)

lb

3
3

y r
T

(a ) for 12010 Cb lb 51010 Cb F = 2

F
F
0
6
.

b
y
y
3

Fy
rT
Fy
3 153010 Cb

3
3

lb
51010 Cb
17010 Cb

F
for
0
6
.
>
Fb =

y
2
rT
Fy

lb

rT

lb
12103 Cb

0.6 Fy
Fb =

(b ) for any r
d
lb A
T

h t w 3
2 36

A f + Aw 6

Iy
rT =

Iy
2
A f + Aw 6

LC = min (

76 * b f
Fy

20000
)
( d A )* Fy
f

+ 0.3 M1
2.3
Cb = 175
. + 105
. M1
M2
M2

M1
1 ; M1 M > 0 , if M1 & M 2 cause reverse curvature ; otherwise, M1 M < 0

2
2
M2
(1) Cb can be conservatively taken as 10
.
( 2) when there is moment greater than M1 or M 2 Cb = 10
.
(3) Cb should be taken as 10
. , for frame BRACED AGAINST sidesway.

(F1-6) & (F1-7) & (F1-8)

BENDING : I & SOLID ROUND & SOLID RECTANGULAR & SQUARE BAR : Y-AXIS
I SECTION :
Fy > 65ksi

Fb = 0.6 Fy

Fy 65ksi

bf
95
>
2 t f
Fy
b
65
95
< f

2
t
f
Fy
Fy
bf
65

2 t f
Fy

(F2-2)

slender section (1)

.
0.005
Fb = Fy [1075

bf
2 t f

Fb = 0.75 Fy

Fy ]

(F2-3)
(F2-1)

SOLID ROUND & SOLID RECTANGULAR & SQUARE BAR :

Fb = 0.75 Fy

(F2-1)

BENDING : BOX & RECTANGULAR TUBE & CIRCULAR TUBE

BOX AND RECTANGULAR TUBE
d < 6 * bf
bf
d
95
For Compact Section :
& lb Lc &
satisfies eqn1 &

2 t f
t f < 2 * tw
tw
Fy
Fb = 0.66 Fy

(F3.1)
(F3-1)

d
bf
bf
119
95
or does NOT satisfy eqn1 &
or d > 6 * b f
>
>
2 t f
2*tf
Fy
Fy
tw
slender section (2)

For Slender Section :

All Other Sections (non-compact) :

Fb = 0.6 Fy

(F3.2)
(F3-3)

CIRCULAR TUBE (???)

D 3300
d
For Compact Section :

& lb Lc &
satisfies eqn1
tw
t
Fy

Fb = 0.66 Fy
All Other Sections (non-compact) :
slender section (2)
LC = (1950 + 1200

M1 b f
)*
M 2 Fy

(F3-2)

BENDING : ALL OTHER SECTIONS : Y-AXIS (1978) (???)

Fb = 0.60 Fy

BENDING OF SLENDER SECTION

Fb = 0.6 Fy * QS * Qa

kc :

4.05
h

IF : > 70 k c =
0.46
tw
h

tw

ELSE : k c = 10

Slender Section (1) : (Unstiffened element)

Qa = 1
bf
bf
95
195
Fy
<

Q S = 1293
.
0.00309 *
*
kc
2*tf
2*tf
Fy
Fy
kc
kc
bf
26200
195
QS =
<
2
2*tf
Fy

bf
Fy
kc
k c * 2 * t f

(A-B5-3)

(A-B5-4)

Slender Section (2) : (Stiffened element)

QS = 1

With uniform thickness :

253 * t f
50.3
1
10
Qa =
.
fa + fb bf

t f * f a + f b

(A-B5-7)

AXIAL COMPRESSION
For slender section
slender section (1) or (2) Find QS , Qa Q = QS * Qa (see BENDING OF SLENDER SECTION)

S e CC

Se2
Q 1
Fy
2
2 CC
Fa =
Se3
5 3 Se
+

3 8 CC 8 CC 3

(E2-1)

S e > CC

12 2 E
Fa =
23 S e 2

(E2-2)

where

CC =

2 2 E
Q Fy

Se =

K l
r

For compact and non-compact section

S e CC

Se
1
Fy

2
2 CC

Fa =
3
S
5 3 Se
+
e 3
3 8 CC 8 CC

(E2-1)

S e > CC

Fa =

12 2 E
23 S e 2

(E2-2)

where

2 2 E
Fy

CC =

Se =

K l
r

*(NOTE) : Both x (major) and y (minor) buckling mode should be check, and pick the smaller one

AXIAL TENSION
Ft = min( 0.6 Fy , 0.5 Fu )
8