Facilitation Technique Category: Therapeutic Use of Play

Activity Title: Directive Play Therapy

Source: Dattilo, John, & McKenney, Alexis, (2016).Therapeutic Use of Play.
Facilitation Techniques in Therapeutic Recreation. (pp. 669-699). State College, PA:
Venture Publishing.
Materials: Toys and Play materials. Play materials depend on the participants
goals, but should always provide opportunity for independence and increase
involvement of learning process.
Activity Description: Directive play addresses communication, motor
performance, and cognitive awareness through the provision of experiences needed
to increase chance a child has at mastering one of the above mentioned skill sets
(Dattilo, p. 678). Once the child has been assessed, goals are collectively made
between facilitator and child. Initially, the facilitator will review the rules and most
importantly instruction of play for the proceeding activity. Once this is completed,
the facilitator is free to allow free time for children to practice new skill. Like many
other activities, this can be conducted in an individual or group setting; it all
depends of the needs of the individuals and of course their preferences. It is
important to consistently provide reinforcement when participants exhibit correct
behavior while also implementing a system of prompts to promote proper behavior.
The environment should be organized and interactive prior to participants meeting
up. Depending on the needs of each individual, the facilitator should assume
responsibility in promoting social interactions and play.
Leadership Considerations: There is no required degree for this position.
However, specialization with individuals with disabilities and experience with
therapy is always recommended. The facilitator is usually a TR Specialist and
focuses on encouraging participants to interact with one another, selecting
appropriate play materials for each individual or group, and evaluating participants
progress and reaction to therapy. Essentially, therapists focus on client goals
through premeditated interaction along with guidance throughout sessions.
Adaptations: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD): Groups play is extremely
common and recommended. There needs to always ne one specified goal per
session. These sessions should include an instructive period and a free play period,
allowing participants to interact with one another by using newly acquired skills.
There may be various activities focusing on the same goal, this is allowed and may
enhance the potential outcomes of childrens developmental delays (p. 693).
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD): Specifically for individuals with PTSD, it
is crucial that the TR Specialist assists the client in re-establishing a sense of safety
and security. Augmentation of positive coping strategies holds very high importance
in treatment. Assisting client in managing anger, anxiety and stress reactions
through relaxation and guided imagery can occur through relaxation and breathing
practices.
Adaptation References:

Dattilo, John, & McKenney, Alexis, (2016). Therapeutic Use of Play. Facilitation
Techniques in Therapeutic Recreation. (pp. 669-699). State College, PA: Venture
Publishing