Sources of law for

nursing practice.
(From Harkreader,
H., & Hogan, M.A.
(2004).
Fundamentals of
nursing: Caring and
clinical judgment.
[2nd ed.].
Philadelphia: W.B.
Saunders.)

Four steps of the managament

process. (From Huber, D. [2000].
Leadership and nursing care
manage-ment [2nd ed.].
Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders.)

Elements of a successful

change. (From Huber, D.

[2000]. Leadership and nursing
care management [2nd ed.].
Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders.)

Tests for hypocalcemia. A,

Chvostek's sign is contraction of
facial muscles in response to a
light tap over the facial nerve in
front of the ear. B, Trousseau's
sign is a carpal spasm induced
by infl ating a blood pres-sure
cuff (C) above the systolic
pressure for a few min-utes.

(From Lewis, S., Heitkemper, M.,

& Dirksen, S. [2004].
Medical-surgical nursing [6th
ed.]. St. Louis: Mosby.)

Normal ratio of carbonic acid to

bicarbonate is 1:20. (From Ignatavicius,
D., & Workman, M. [2006].
Medical-surgical nursing: Critical
thinking for collaborative care [5th
ed.]. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders.)

Movement of potassium in response to

changes in the extracellular fluid hydrogen
ion concentration. (From Ignatavicius, D. &
Workman, M. [2006]. Medical-surgical
nursing: Critical thinking for collaborative
care [5th ed.]. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders.
Courtesy of M. Linda Workman.)

Approximate values for the components of blood

in a normal adult. (Mod-ifi ed from Thibodeau,
G.A., & Patton, K.T. [2005]. The human body in
health and disease [4th ed.]. St. Louis: Mosby.)

MyPyramid. (From U.S.

Department of Agriculture.
http://www.mypyramid.gov.)

Intravenous containers. (From Kee, J. L., &

Marshall, S. M. [2004]. Clinical calculations:
With applications to general and specialty
areas [5th ed]. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders.)

Intravenous tubing. (From Kee, J. L.,

& Marshall, S. M. [2004]. Clinical
calculations: With applications to
general and specialty areas [5th ed].
Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders.)

Secondary bag with medication.

(Modified from Kee, J. L., &Marshall,
S. M. [2004]. Clinical calculations:
With applications to general and
specialty areas [5th ed].
Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders.)

Macrodrip and microdrip sizes.

(From Kee, J. L., &Marshall, S.
M. [2004]. Clinical calculations:
With applications to general
and specialty areas [5th ed].
Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders.)

Needleless infusion devices.

(From Kee, J. L., &Marshall, S.
M. [2004]. Clinical calculations:
With applications to general
and specialty areas [5th ed].
Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders.)
(From Kee, J. L., &Marshall, S.
M. [2004]. Clinical calculations:
With applications to general
and specialty areas [5th ed].
Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders.)
(From Kee, J. L., &Marshall, S.
M. [2004]. Clinical calculations:
With applications to general
and specialty areas [5th ed].

Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders.)

Common IV sites. A, Inner arm. B,

Dorsal surface of hand. C, Dorsal
surface of the foot (children only).
(From Potter, P., &Perry, A. [2005].
Fundamentals of nursing [6th ed.].
St. Louis: Mosby.)????????

Central venous access site(s). A,

Subclavian catheter. B, Peripherally
inserted central catheter. C,
Femoral catheter. D, Hickman
catheter. E, Subclavian catheter with
implantable vascular access port. F,
Implantable vascular access port.
(From Kee, J. L., &Marshall, S. M.
[2004]. Clinical calculations: With
applications to general and
specialty areas [5th ed].
Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders; F
redrawn from Winters, B. [1984].

Implantable vascular access devices.

Oncology Nursing Forum, 11,
25-30.)????

Tubing for blood

administration has an in-line
filter. (From Potter, P., &
Perry, A. [2005].
Fundamentals of nursing
[6th ed.]. St. Louis: Mosby.

Applying physical restraints. (From Elkin,

M., Perry, A., and Potter, P. [2004]. Nursing

interventions and clinical skills [3rd ed.]. St.
Louis: Mosby.)

Smallpox. (From McKinney, E., James, S.,

Murray, S., & Ashwill, J. [2005].
Maternal-child nursing [2nd ed.].
Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders. Courtesy of
Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention. [2002]. Evaluating patients for
smallpox. Atlanta: Author.)

Anthrax. (From Mosby's dictionary of

medicine, nursing, and health professions
[7th ed.]. St. Louis: Mosby.)

Three-milliliter syringe. (From Kee, J., &Marshall,

S. [2004]. Clinical calculations: With applications
to general and specialty areas [5th ed.].
Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders.)

A, Tubex syringe with cartridge. B, BD Hypak

prefilled syringe. (From Kee, J., &Marshall, S.
[2000]. Clinical calculations: With
applications to general and specialty areas
[4th ed.]. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders. A,
Courtesy of Wyeth-Ayerst Laboratories,
Philadelphia; B, courtesy of Becton,
Dickinson, Franklin Lakes, NJ.)

Five-milliliter syringe. (From Kee, J.,

&Marshall, S. [2004]. Clinical calculations:

With applications to general and specialty

areas [5th ed.]. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders.)

Insulin syringe. (From Kee, J., &Marshall, S.

[2004]. Clinical calculations: With
applications to general and specialty areas
[5th ed.]. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders.)

SafetyGlyde needle, one type of safety needle.

(From Kee, J., &Marshall, S. [2004]. Clinical
calculations: With applications to general and
specialty areas [5th ed.]. Philadelphia: W.B.
Saunders. Courtesy of Becton, Dickinson,
Franklin Lakes, NJ.).

Infusion pump. (From Kee, J., &Marshall, S.

[2004]. Clinical calculations: With
applications to general and specialty areas
[5th ed.]. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders.)

Opening the airway using the head tilt

chin lift maneuver. (From Lewis, S.M.,
Heitkemper, M.M., & Dirksen, S.R.
[2004]. Medical-surgical nursing:
Assessment and management of
clinical problems [6th ed.]. St. Louis:
Mosby.)

Opening the airway using the jaw

thrust maneuver. (From Harkreader,
H., & Hogan, M.A. [2004].
Fundamentals of nursing: Caring and
clinical judgment [2nd ed.].
Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders. Used with
permission of the American Heart
Association. [1992]. Guidelines for
cardiopulmonary resuscitation and
emergency cardiac care: An
international consensus on science

and circulation, Circulation,

102(Suppl), 217-222.]

Listening and feeling for exhalation.

(From Harkreader, H., & Hogan, M.A.
[2004]. Fundamentals of nursing:
Caring and clinical judgment. (2nd
ed.). Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders. From
Emergency Cardiac Care Committee
and Subcommittees, American Heart
Association. [1992]. Guidelines for
cardiopulmonary resuscitation and

emergency cardiac care. Part VIII:

Ethical consideration in resuscitation.
Journal of the American Medical
Association, 268[16], 2282-2288.)

The chin is lifted and brought forward;

the nostrils are then closed and two
effective breaths are given at 1 second
per breath. (From Lewis, S.M.,

Heitkemper, M.M., & Dirksen, S.R.

[2004]. Medical-surgical nursing:
Assessment and management of
clinical problems [6th ed.]. St. Louis:
Mosby.)

Feeling for the carotid pulse. (From

Harkreader, H., & Hogan, M.A. [2004].
Fundamentals of nursing: Caring and

clinical judgment (2nd ed.).

Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders. From
Emergency Cardiac Care Committee
and Subcommittees, American Heart
Association. [1992]. Guidelines for
cardiopulmonary resuscitation and
emergency cardiac care. Part VIII:
Ethical consideration in resuscitation.
Journal of the American Medical
Association, 268[16], 2282-2288.)

Chest compressionproper hand

position for an adult. (From Perry A.,
& Potter, P. [2006]. Clinical nursing
skills & techniques [6th ed.]. St. Louis:

Mosby.)

Heimlich maneuver. (From Christensen,

B., & Kockrow, E. [2006]. Foundations of
nursing [5th ed.]. St. Louis: Mosby.)

Clearing airway obstruction in an

infant. (From Christensen, B., &
Kockrow, E. [2006]. Foundations of
nursing [5th ed.]. St. Louis: Mosby.)

Incentive spirometer. (From Phipps,

W., Monahan, F., Sands, J. et al.
[2003]. Medical-surgical nursing:
Health and illness perspectives [7th
ed.]. St. Louis: Mosby.)

Techniques for splinting a wound when

coughing. (From Lewis, S., Heitkemper, M.,
& Dirksen, S. [2004]. Medical-surgical
nursing: Assessment and management of
clinical problems [6th ed.]. St. Louis: Mosby.)

Abdominal binders. A, Scultetus. B,

Straight. (From Elkin, M., Perry, A.,
& Potter, P. [2004]. Nursing
interventions and clinical skills
(3rd ed.) St. Louis: Mosby.)

Postoperative atelectasis. A, Normal

bronchiole and alveoli. B, Mucous
plug in bronchiole. C, Collapse of

alveoli caused by atelectasis

following absorption of air. (From
Lewis, S., Heitkemper, M., & Dirksen,
S. [2004]. Medical-surgical nursing:
Assessment and management of
clinical problems [6th ed.]. St. Louis:
Mosby.)

Intermittent pulsatile compression

device. (From Phipps, W., Monahan,
F., Sands, J. et al. [2003].
Medical-surgical nursing: Health and
illness perspectives [7th ed.]. St.
Louis: Mosby.)

A, Wound dehiscence. B, Wound

evisceration. (From Phipps, W., Monahan, F.,
Sands, J. Marek, et al. [2003].
Medical-surgical nursing: Health and illness
perspectives [7th ed.]. St. Louis: Mosby.)

Common bed positions. (Potter, P., & Perry, A.

[2005). Fundamentals of nursing [6th ed.]. St.
Louis: Mosby.)

Common client positions. (From Harkreader, H. &

Hogan, M.A. [2004]. Fundamentals of nursing:
Caring and clinical judgment [2nd ed.].
Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders.

Pressure points in lying and sitting

position. (From Elkin, M., Perry, A., &
Potter, P. [2004]. Nursing interventions
and clinical skills [3rd ed]. St. Louis:
Mosby)

Lithotomy position for

examination. (From Potter,
P., & Perry, A. [2005].
Fundamentals of nursing
[6th ed.]. St. Louis: Mosby.)

Types of urinary catheters. A, Straight

catheter (cross section). B, Indwelling
retention catheter (cross section). C,
Triple-lumen catheter
Comparison of design and
function of selected
gastrointestinal tubes.

Endotracheal tube with

inflated cuff. (Modified
from Perry, A., & Potter, P.
[2002]. Clinical nursing skills
& techniques [5th ed.]. St.
Louis: Mosby.)

The Pleur-Evac drainage

system, a commercial
three-bottle chest drainage
device. (From Ignatavicius, D.,
& Workman, M. [2006].
Medical-surgical nursing:
Critical thinking for
collaborative care [5th ed.].
Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders.)

Female reproductive organs. (From

Herlihy, B., & Maebius, N. [2003]. The
human body in health and illness [2nd
ed.] Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders.)

Fetal circulation. Three shunts allow most blood

from the placenta to bypass the fetal lungs and
liver: ductus venosus, ductus arteriosus, and
foramen ovale. (From Murray, S., & McKinney, E.,

[2006]. Foundations of maternal-newborn nursing

[4th ed.]. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders.)

Measurement of fundal height. (From Wong, D.,

Hockenberry, M., Perry, S., et al. [2006]. Maternal
child nursing care [3rd ed.]. St. Louis: Mosby.)

Height of fundus by weeks of normal gestation

with a single fetus. (From Wong, D., Hockenberry,
M., Perry, S., et al. [2006]. Maternal child nursing
care [3rd ed.]. St. Louis: Mosby.)

(From McKinney, E., James, S., Murray, S.,

& Ashwill, J. [2005]. Maternal-child

nursing [2nd ed.]. St. Louis: W.B.
Saunders.)

Enlarged breasts in pregnancy

with venous network and
darkened areolae and nipples.
(From Wong, D., Perry, S.,
Hockenberry, M., et al. [2006].
Maternal child nursing care [3rd
ed.]. St. Louis: Mosby.)

Striae gravidarum and linea nigra in a

dark-skinned woman. (From Wong, D.,
Perry, S., Hockenberry, M., et al. [2006].
Maternal child nursing care [3rd ed.]. St.
Louis: Mosby.)

Postural changes during pregnancy. A,

Nonpregnant. B, Incorrect posture during
pregnancy. C, Correct posture during
pregnancy. (From Wong, D., Perry, S.,
Hockenberry, M., et al. [2006]. Maternal
child nursing care [3rd ed.]. St. Louis:
Mosby.)

Sites of tubal ectopic pregnancy.

Numbers indicate the order of
prevalence. (From Murray, S., &
McKinney, E. [2005]. Foundations of
maternal-newborn nursing [4th ed.].
Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders.)

Gestational trophoblastic disease,

also called hydatidiform mole.
(From Murray, S., & McKinney, E.
[2005]. Foundations of
maternal-newborn nursing [4th
ed.]. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders.)

Fetal lie. A, In a longitudinal lie,

the long axis of the fetus is
parallel to the long axis of the
woman. B, In a transverse lie, the
long axis of the fetus is at a right
angle to the long axis of the
mother. The women's abdomen
has a wide, short appearance.
(From Murray, S., & McKinney, E.
[2006]. Foundations of
maternal-newborn nursing [4th
ed.]. St. Louis: W.B. Saunders.)

A labor curve, often called a

Friedman curve, may be used to
identify whether a woman's
cervical dilation is progressing at
the expected rate. The symbol
for station (X) may be added to
the labor curve. Typical labor
curves for a multiparous woman
and a nulliparous woman are
illustrated for comparison of
patterns. (From Murray, S., &
McKinney, E. [2006].
Foundations of
maternal-newborn nursing [4th
ed.]. St. Louis: W.B. Saunders.)

The three classifications of placenta

previa. (From Murray, S. & McKinney,
E. [2006]. Foundations of
maternal-newborn nursing [4th ed.].
Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders.)

Types of abruptio placentae. (From

Murray, S. & McKinney, E. [2006].
Foundations of maternal-newborn
nursing [4th ed.]. Philadelphia: W.B.
Saunders.)

Involution of the uterus. The height

of the uterine fundus decreases by
approximately 1 cm/day. (From
Murray, S., & McKinney, E. [2006].
Foundations of maternal-newborn
nursing [4th ed.]. Philadelphia: W.B.
Saunders.)

Palpating fundus of uterus during fourth

stage of labor. Note that the upper hand is
cupped over the fundus; the lower hand dips
in above the symphysis pubis and supports
the uterus while it is massaged gently. (From
Lowdermilk, D., & Perry, S. [2006]. Maternity

nursing [7th ed.]. St. Louis: Mosby.)

A vulvar hematoma is caused by

rapid bleeding into soft tissue, and
it causes severe pain and feelings of
pressure. (From Murray, S., &
McKinney, E., [2006] Foundations of
maternal-newborn nursing [4th
ed.]. St. Louis: W.B. Saunders.)

Deep vein thrombophlebitis. (From

Lowdermilk, D., & Perry, S. [2006].

Maternity nursing [7th ed.]. St. Louis:

Mosby.)

Comparison of normal and seesaw

respirations. A, Normal respiration.
Chest and abdomen rise with
inspiration. B, Seesaw respiration.
Chest wall retracts and abdomen
rises with inspiration. (From
Lowdermilk, D., & Perry, S. [2006].
Maternity nursing [7th ed.]. St. Louis:
Mosby. Courtesy of Mead Johnson,
Evansville, IN.)

Circumference of head and

chest. (From Murray, S., &
McKinney, E. [2006].
Foundations of
maternal-newborn nursing [4th
ed.]. Philadelphia: W.B.
Saunders.)

Molding. A, Significant molding,

soon after birth. B, Schematic of
bones of skull when molding is

present. (From Lowdermilk, D., &

Perry, S. [2006]. Maternity nursing
[7th ed.]. St. Louis: Mosby.
Courtesy of Kim Molloy,
Knoxville, IA.)

Neonatal safety device. (From

Lowdermilk, D., & Perry, S. [2006].
Maternity nursing [7th ed.]. St. Louis:
Mosby. Courtesy of Shannon Perry,
Phoenix, AZ.)

Neonatal syphilitic lesions on hands

and feet. (From Lowdermilk, D., &
Perry, S. [2006]. Maternity nursing
[7th ed.]. St. Louis: Mosby. Courtesy
of Mahesh Kotwal, Phoenix, AZ.)

Infant with alcohol-related birth

defects. (From Lowdermilk, D., &
Perry, S. [2006]. Maternity nursing
[7th ed.]. St. Louis: Mosby.)

Patellar reflex, with woman's legs hanging

freely over end of examining table. (From
Wong, D., Perry, S., Hockenberry, M., et al.
[2006]. Maternal child nursing care [3rd ed.].
St. Louis: Mosby.)

Instillation of medication into eye of newborn. The

thumb and forefinger are used to open the eye;
medication is placed into the lower conjunctiva
from the inner to the outer canthus. (From
Lowdermilk, D., & Perry, S. [2006]. Maternity
nursing [7th ed.]. St. Louis: Mosby.)

The infant rides facing the rear of

the vehicle, ideally in the middle of
the back seat. The infant seat is
secured to the vehicle with the seat
belt(s), and straps on the car seat
adjust to accommodate the growing
baby. The smaller infant will need a
rolled blanket to prevent excess
head movement. (From McKinney,
E., James, S., Murray, S., & Ashwill, J.
[2005]. Maternal-child nursing [2nd
ed.]. St. Louis: W.B. Saunders.)

When the child reaches 1 year of

age and 20 lb, the car safety seat
can be adjusted to a forward-facing,
upright position. The seat is
appropriate for the toddler until

the child weighs about 40 lb. The

safety straps should be adjusted to
provide a snug fit, and the seat
should be placed in the back seat
of the car, ideally in the middle.
(From McKinney, E., James, S.,
Murray, S., & Ashwill, J. [2005].
Maternal-child nursing [2nd ed.]. St.
Louis: W.B. Saunders.)

A high-backed booster seat

designed to hold car lap and

shoulder belts properly is strongly
recommended for children who
have outgrown a child safety seat.
Booster seats raise the young child
high enough to allow the car seat
belt to be positioned correctly over
the child's chest and pelvis. (From
McKinney, E., James, S., Murray, S.,
& Ashwill, J. [2005]. Maternal-child
nursing [2nd ed.]. St. Louis: W.B.
Saunders. Photo courtesy of
Michele M. Hayden.)

Paper-thin, transparent skin. (From

Ignatavicius, D., & Workman, M. [2006].
Medical surgical nursing: Critical
thinking for collaborative care [5th ed.].
Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders.)

A normal spine at age 40 years of age

and osteoporotic changes at 60 and 70
years of age. These changes can cause a
loss of as much as 6 inches in height
and can result in the so-called
dowager's hump (far right) in the
upper thoracic vertebrae. (From
Ignatavicius, D. & Workman, M. [2006].
Medical-surgical nursing: Critical
thinking for collaborative care [5th ed.].
Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders.)

2 Ventriculoperitoneal shunt. (From

McKinney, E., James, S., Murray, S., &
Ashwill, J. [2005]. Maternal-child
nursing [2nd ed.]. St. Louis: W.B.
Saunders.)

For infants and children younger than 3

years, pull the lobe back and down. (From
Lilley, L., Harrington, S., & Snyder, J. [2004].
Pharmacology and the nursing process [4th
ed.]. St. Louis: Mosby.)

Location of various tonsillar masses. (From

Hockenberry, M., Wilson, D., & Winkelstein,
M. [2005]. Wong's essentials of pediatric
nursing [7th ed.]. St. Louis: Mosby.)

A, Normal larynx. B, Obstruction and

narrowing resulting from edema of
croup. (From Hockenberry, M., &
Wilson, D. [2007]. Wong's nursing care
of infants and children [8th ed.]. St.
Louis: Mosby.)

Location of retractions. (From

Hockenberry, M., & Wilson, D. [2007].
Wong's nursing care of infants and
children [8th ed.]. St. Louis: Mosby.)

Various effects of exocrine gland

dysfunction in cystic fibrosis. (From
Hockenberry, M., & Wilson, D. [2007].
Wong's nursing care of infants and
children [8th ed.]. St. Louis: Mosby.)

Mechanisms of airway obstruction by a

foreign body (FB). (From Hockenberry,