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Contents
SPUR GEAR, GEAR RACK ................................................................................................................................................... 2
GROUNDWORK CALCULATIONS............................................................................................................................................. 2
SCOPE OF THE PROGRAM .................................................................................................................................................... 4
GEOMETRY OF SPUR GEARS ................................................................................................................................................. 5
GROUNDWORK CALCULATIONS AND SCOPE............................................................................................................................ 15
SPUR GEARS CALCULATION - STRENGTH - DETERMINATION OF RESULTS ....................................................................................... 16
CALCULATION OF LOADS ................................................................................................................................................... 22
SPUR GEARS CALCULATION - STRENGTH - PITTING MAXIMUM LOADING ....................................................................................... 23
LOAD DUTY CYCLE ........................................................................................................................................................... 27
ROOT BEARING CAPACITY .................................................................................................................................................. 29
LOAD DUTY CYCLE ........................................................................................................................................................... 32
SCUFFING LOAD CAPACITY.................................................................................................................................................. 34
MDESIGN
Gears
Automatic calculation and distribution of the total profile shift coefficient according to DIN
3992 (DIN 3993)
With the following program the strength examination (pitting bearing capacity, root bearing capacity,
scuffing load capacity) of spur gears will be calculated. Therefore the calculation base DIN 3990 and also
the international ISO 6336 can chose by the user.
With this program standard gauges for spur gears will be calculated.
The application of the Number of Teeth Thickness, Spherical Dim.-Roll Diameter DM, Deviations of Center
Distance and Deviations of Teeth Thickness are optional.
Groundwork Calculations
Geometry of the Spur Gear Pair and the Gear
The groundwork calculations for this module are described by DIN 3960, edition March 1987.
The following DIN specifications will also be utilized:
-
DIN 3960 edition March 1987 (concept and dimension determination for spur gear pairs with
involute gearing)
MDESIGN
Gears
DIN 3992 edition March 1964 (profile displacement for spur gears with outer gearing)
DIN 3993 edition August 1981, part 1 - 4 (geometric design of cylindrical inner gear pairs).
Part 1
Part 2
Part 3
Part 4
Part 5
Part 6
Part
11
Part 1
(ground tolerances)
(tolerances for deviation of individual
determined dimensions)
(tolerances for flank line deviations)
(conversion table for Vickers - RockwellBrinell hardness and ultimate strength)
(Basic principles, influence factors)
- DIN 3962
- DIN 50 150,
Part 2
- ISO 6336
Part 1
- ISO 6336
Part 2
- ISO 6336
Part 3
- ISO 6336
Part 6
- ISO 1328
Part 1
edition September
2006
edition September
2006
edition September
2006
edition September
2006
edition August 2005
Part 1
- DIN 3967
edition November
1980
edition August 1978
- DIN 3977
MDESIGN
Gears
profile angle: 15 P 30
lead: 0 45
Cases of a specified minimum topland thickness, sa, cannot be observed, the program automatically
calculates the necessary topland shortening.
Strength Examination of Spur Gears
With the following module, Strength Examination of Spur Gears the pitting bearing capacity, root
bearing capacity and corrosion bearing capacity of involute spur gears of outer and inner gearing can be
calculated.
For the calculation of simple and double helical gearing the lead must lie within 0 45.
The calculable velocity ranges are
MDESIGN
Gears
(basic speed N 0.85)
chief resonance
Intermediate range
(N 1.5)
Qualities are considered by this program from 1 (finest class) up to 12 (roughest class).
The consideration of the profile correction as spherical broadening, base relief profile ease off and
topland relief profile ease off are possible.
The broadening factors for root, flank, and seizing can be optionally specified.
Gauge Design for Spur Gears
The scope of the program for the calculation module is determined as follows:
- Gearing quality
- Tolerance rows
- Dimension rows
- Axis pos. tolerance
:
:
:
;
1 - 12
a-h
21 - 30
js5 - js11
Backlash theoretical, jt
Tooth Width, Wk
MDESIGN
Gears
c h hw c p mn
Notice:
If the present clearance for expansion c deviates off the initial profile of the respective clearance for
expansion cP, you must make changes of head height (shorten heads) to retain clearance for expansion
(DIN 3960, equation 4.3.07).
Effective teeth number ratio, u [-]
z
u 2
z1
Wheel is driven
i e ff
z2
z1
mn z 1 z 2
2 c os
x 1 x 2 in v wt in v t
2 ta n
ta n
p
at a ta n
c os
aw t a c o s d c o s t
a
b a s i n s i n c os p
g f 0, 5
z2
2
2
d Na
2 d b 2 d b 2 ta n wt
z2
MDESIGN
Gears
Notice:
The calculation of gf is only valid, if the pinion is the driving part. If the spur gear is the driving part, the
calculation for gf meets length of distance of action from gearing to disengagement ga.
Length of path of contact-disengagement, ga [mm]
2
2
g a 0, 5 d Na
1 d b 1 d b 1 ta n wt
Notice:
The calculation of gf is only valid, if the pinion is the driving part. If the spur gear is the driving part, the
calculation for gf meets length of distance of action from gearing to disengagement ga.
Length of path of contact, ga [mm]
z2
2
2
2
2
g 0,5 d Na
1 d b 1 z d Na 2 d b 2 a sin wt
With rack:
2
2
g 0,5 d Na
1 d b 1 d b 1 tan t
hNaP 2 x 1 mn
sint
g
pet
b ta n b
pet
MDESIGN
Gears
The minimum teeth thickness on the tip samin is determined through the input of the tooth-tip thickness
factor san*. This also leads to the upper threshold of the profile shift. (see DIN 3960, Picture 12).
Tooth depth, h [mm]
d df
hf a
2
Addendum, ha [mm]
d d
ha a
2
Dedendum, hf [mm]
d df
hf a
2
mn z
c o s
Wheel
2 z1
dw 1
z1 z 2
2 z2
dw 2
z1 z 2
With rack:
Pinion
Wheel
dw 1 d1
dw 2 d 2 x 1 mn
d f 1 d1 2 mn haP 2* c P 1* x 1
Wheel
d f 2 d 2 2 x 2 mn 2 hfP
d f 2 d 2 2 mn haP 1* c P 2* x 2
MDESIGN
Gears
Pinion
Wheel
d a 1 d1 2 mn haP 1* x 1 k1
d a 2 d 2 2 mn haP 2* x 2 k 2
d a 1th d1 2 mn haP 1* x 1
Wheel
d a 2th d 2 2 mn haP 2* x 2
k a ad mn x 1 x 2
k k1 k 2
Wheel
d d fE 2
c 1ta t a a 1
2
d d fE 1
c 2ta t a a 2
2
Wheel
2
z
2
2
2
d Nf 1 2 a sin wt 2 d Na
2 d b 2 d b 1
z
2
z
d Nf 2 2
z2
2
2
2
2 a s in wt d Na 1 d b 1 d b 2
Notice:
For internal toothing look into DIN 3993 part 1 - 4.
Spare teeth number zn [-]
Pinion
z n1
z1
2
c o s b c o s
Wheel
zn 2
z2
2
c o s b c o s
A2
A1
MDESIGN
Gears
A 1
A1
A2
E2
E1
E1
E2
MDESIGN
Gears
Rack
Gear cutter
d fE 1 d1 2 x E 1 mn 2 haP 01
d fE 1 2 a 01 d a 01
Gear cutter
d fE 2 2 a 02 d a 02
MDESIGN
Gears
12
MDESIGN
Gears
13
MDESIGN
Gears
14
MDESIGN
Gears
Part 1,
DIN 3990
Part 2,
DIN 3990
Part 3,
DIN 3990
Part 4,
DIN 3990
Part 5,
DIN 3990
Part 6,
DIN 3990
Part 11, edition February 1989 (application standards for industrial gears)
DIN 3961
DIN 3962
Part 1,
DIN 3962
Part 2,
DIN 50150
- ISO 6336
edition December 1976 1976 (conversion table for Vickers - RockwellBrinell hardness and ultimate strength)
Part 1
15
MDESIGN
Gears
- ISO 6336
Part 2
- ISO 6336
Part 3
- ISO 6336
Part 6
- ISO 1328
Part 1
Scope
With the following module, Strength Examination of Spur Gears the pitting bearing capacity, root
bearing capacity and corrosion bearing capacity of involute spur gears of outer and inner gearing can be
calculated.
For the calculation of simple and double helical gearing the lead must lie within 0 45.
The calculable velocity ranges are
-
chief resonance
Intermediate range
(N 1.5)
Qualities are considered by this program from 1 (finest class) up to 12 (roughest class).
The consideration of the profile correction as spherical broadening, base relief profile ease off and
topland relief profile ease off are possible.
The broadening factors for root, flank, and seizing can be optionally specified.
16
MDESIGN
Gears
Profile form deflection ff1 [m] for pinion or ff2 [m] for gear
17
MDESIGN
Gears
Profile form deflection ff for a pinion and a gear is defined dependent on normal modulus mn and gear
ring quality according to DIN 3962, part 1.
Transverse Pitch deviation fpe1 [m] pinion and fpe2 [m] wheel
The Transverse Pitch Deviation fpe for a pinion and a gear is defined dependent on normal modulus mn,
pitch diameter d and gear ring quality according to DIN 3962, part 1.
Effective profile form deviation, ffeff [m]
Effective profile form deviation ffeff, used to define the dynamic factor KV, is to be calculated as follows:
f feff f f y 1
Notice:
For ff the higher value of ff1 and ffis used.
Effective transverse Pitch deviation fpeeff [m]
Effective transverse Pitch deviation fpeeff, used to define the dynamic factor KV, is to be calculated as
follows:
f peeff f pe y p
Notice:
Look DIN 3990, part 1, section 5.3.3 for detailed information.
Rotation speed of wheel, n2 [1/min]
n 2
n1
u
Number of loading cycles NL1 [-] of pinion and NL2 [-] of wheel
The Numbers of loading cycles is to be calculated as follows:
N L1 Lh n1
n
N L 2 Lh 1
u
With rack:
18
MDESIGN
Gears
N L 2
N L1
d1
Lz
2 z1 mred
n E 1
n1
nE 1
m red
d m1
8 d b 1
1 q14 M 1
2
dm
1
1 q 24 M 2 u 2
with:
d m 1
d a 1 d f 1
2
q 1
d i1
d m1
d m 2
d a 2 d f 2
2
q 2
d i2
dm 2
MDESIGN
Gears
The single tooth stiffness c', necessary to define the dynamic factor KV, is to be calculated as follows:
C M C R C BS c os
c c th
Notice:
About defining the theoretical single tooth stiffness c look DIN 3990, part 1, section 9.3.1.
Single tooth stiffness ,c [N/mmm]
The single tooth stiffness c is to be calculated as follows:
c c 0 . 75 0 . 25
Dynamic factor KV [-] in the main resonance range (0.85 < N 1.15):
Kv C v 1B P Cv 2 B f Cv 4 B k 1 Kv 1 . 15
Dynamic factor KV [-] in the intermediate range (1.15 < N < 1.5):
Kv Kv 1 . 5
Kv 1 . 15 Kv 1 . 5
0 . 35
1 . 5 N R
KF KH
20
MDESIGN
Gears
b
h
NF
1
b b
h h
Notice:
for h/b is required the smaller value of h1/b1 and h2/b2, for b/h < 3 substitute b/h = 3.
Face load factor KH [-] (contact stress)
The face load factor KH, considering the influence of the force distribution over the tooth width on the
flank pressure, is calculated according to DIN 3990, part 1, method B as follows:
case 1:
F y c b
2 Ft K A Kv
KH
2 F y c b
Ft K A Kv
case 2:
F y c b
1
2 Ft K A Kv
KH 1
F y c b
2 Ft K A Kv
Transverse load factor KF [-] (root stress) and KH [-] (contact stress)
The transverse load factor consider the effect of force, unevenly distributed on many tooth pairs
engaged, on the flank pressure (KH) and dedendum loading (KF). It is calculated according to DIN 3990,
part 1, method B as follows:
case 1: total contact ratio 2
c f peeff
KF KH
0.9 0.4
FtH
2
K F K H 0.9 0.4
c f peeff
2 1
FtH
b
Notice:
For limitations of KH and KF, look DIN 3990, part 1, section 7.3.3 or 7.3.4.
21
MDESIGN
Gears
Calculation of loads
Transverse tangential load Ft [N] at reference diameter
The transverse tangential load Ft at reference diameter is to be calculated as follows:
Ft
P
d1 n 1
F d2
T2 t
2
P
dw 1 n 1
22
MDESIGN
Gears
2 c os b c os w t
c os t
s i n w t
1
1 2 1 2
1
2
E1
E2
4
3
4
1
3
ISO 6336
Z
cos
23
MDESIGN
Gears
Z Ld C ZL
134
1 . 2
40
Z Ls 1
Notice:
To define CZL look in DIN 3990, part 2 , section 9.2.1.1
Velocity factor ZVd [-] and ZVs [-]
Dependent on the peripheral velocity and the fatigue strength value for flank pressure Hlim of a softer
material, the velocity factor ZVd (= fatigue strength) or ZVs (= static strength) is defined using the method B
as follows:
ZVd C Zv
2 1 . 0 C Zv
32
0.8
v
with
Z Zv C ZL 0 . 02
ZVs 1
Notice:
To define CZL look in DIN 3990, part 2 , section 9.2.1.1
Roughness factor ZRd [-] and ZRs [-]
24
MDESIGN
Gears
The roughness factor can be defined as follows dependent on the surface nature of teeth flanks, on the
construction dimensions and on the fatigue strength value for flank pressure Hlim of a softer material of a
gear pairs:
According to DIN 3990:
C ZR
3
Z Rd
R z 100
Z Rs 1
3
Z Rd
R z 10
Z Rs 1
Notice:
To define CZR look in DIN 3990, part 2 , section 9.2.1.3 and ISO 6336-2, 12.3.1.3.3
Life factor for contact stress ZNTd [-] and ZNTs [-] for pinion and wheel
The service life factor ZNTd (= fatigue strength) or ZNTs (= static strength) for a pinion and a gear is defined
according to DIN 3990, part 2, method B, table 8.1.
-
Notice:
The service life factor for root stress gets the value 1 while obtaining the fatigue limit. According to DIN
3990 the factor is also over the fatigue limit constant. In the ISO 6336 this factor will be reduced to 0.85 if
1010 load changes exceeded.
Size factor (pitting) ZXd [-] and. ZXs [-] for pinion and wheel
-
The size factor (flank) ZXd (= fatigue strength) or ZXs (= static strength) for a pinion and a gear is to be
defined dependent on the material and on the normal modulus according to DIN 3990, part 2, method B,
table 11.1.
-
25
MDESIGN
Gears
Z Xd 1
Z Xs 1
M 1> 1
ZB = M1
M 2> 1
External
toothing
ZD = M2
Internal toothing
ZD =1
Helical gearing:
1
< 1
M1 - (M1 - 1) < 1
ZD =1
ZB = 1
External toothing
1
< 1
M2 - (M2 - 1) < 1
ZD =1
ZD = 1
M1
M2
M1 - (M1 - 1) 1
ZB =M1
M2 - (M2 - 1) 1
ZD =M2
tanwt
Internal
toothing
ZD =1
d a21
2 d a22
2
1
1 1
z1 d 2
z2
d b21
b 2
tanwt
d a22
2 d a21
2
1
1 1
z2 d 2
z1
d b22
b 1
HG
H mi n
MDESIGN
Gears
d1 b
u
Wheel
H Z B H 0 K A KV K H K H
H Z D H 0 K A KV K H K H
S H HG
H
H
Lh N D
HG da uer
exp 1
for 105< NL< 107 for structural steel and chilled steel, perlite or bainite pig with spheroidal graphite,
perlite malleable cast iron, cemented steel or case-hardened steel, if some number of pits is allowable
105< NL 107
HP statisc h
e x p 0, 3705 l og
HP dauer
N D 3 108
107< NL 109
HP statisch
e x p 0, 2791 l og
HP dauer
N D 109
for 105< NL< 5107 for structural steel and chilled steel, perlite or bainite pig with spheroidal graphite,
perlite malleable cast iron, cemented steel or case-hardened steel
105< NL 5 107
HP statisch
e x p 0, 3705 l og
HP dauer
N D 5 107
for 105< NL< 2106 chilled steel and nitrided steel, gas-nitrided or nitrid-carburized, ferrite pig with
spheroidal graphite, grey iron
105< NL 2 106
HP statisc h
e x p 0, 7686 l og
HP dauer
N D 2 106
27
MDESIGN
Gears
The inputted load duty cycle will be sorted according the maximum values. Then for every load level an
allowable load function (according to DIN 3990 part2) and so the maximal allowable stress cycles Ni will
be calculated.
The sum of damage U according to Palmgren-Miner will be calculate as follow:
U
Nii
i
Notice:
In the DIN 3990 the calculation is according to original-Miner (only stress higher the fatigue stress will be
taken into consideration)
The ISO 6336 calculation is according to modified -Miner (also stress smaller the fatigue stress will be
taken into consideration)
As graphical evaluation you receive a pitting maximum loading diagram for a pinion and a
gear:
28
MDESIGN
Gears
Y 0, 2
for 1
0, 8
120
Notice:
If the overlap ratio is > 1, it is set on = 1. If the tooth line inclination is > 30, it is set on = 30.
Stress correction factor YST [-]
The stress correction factor YST for the dimensions of standard reference test gears is set on YST = 2.0.
Tooth form factor Yf [-] for pinion and wheel
29
MDESIGN
Gears
The tooth form factor Yf considers the influence of the tooth form on the nominal bending stress and is
calculated according to the method B respectively for a pinion and a gear as follows:
h
6 Fe c os Fen
m
YF n
2
s
Fn c os n
m
n
Notice:
The values hFe, sFn, aFen necessary for the calculation are exactly defined by means of an iterative method
(look DIN 3990, part 3, section 3.2).
Stress correction factor Ys [-] for pinion and wheel
With the stress correction factor Ys (= notch form number) you recalculate the nominal bending stress on
the local dedendum stress and involve in this way the stress raising effect of a notch (= dedendum
rounding). The stress adjustment factor Ys is calculated according to the method B respectively for a
pinion and a gear as follows:
1
1 . 21
YS 1 . 2 0 . 13 L q s
2.3
L
with:
s
L Fn
hFe
qs
s Fn
2 F
Notice:
The values hFe and sFn and qs necessary for the calculation are exactly defined by means of an iterative
method (look DIN 3990, part 3, section 3.2).
Life factor YNTd [-] and YNTs [-] for pinion and wheel
The service life factors YNTd (= fatigue strength) and YNTs (= static strength) for a pinion and a gear are
defined dependent on the material and on the heat treatment according:
-
Notice:
30
MDESIGN
Gears
The service life factor for root stress gets the value 1 while obtaining the fatigue limit. According to DIN
3990 the factor is also over the fatigue limit constant. In the ISO 6336 this factor will be reduced to 0.85 if
1010 load changes exceeded.
Relative notch sensitivity factor, YrelTd [-] and YrelTs [-] for pinion and wheel
The relative notch sensitivity factor YrelTd (= fatigue strength) and YrelTs (= static strength) for a pinion and
a gear are defined dependent on the material, on the heat treatment and on the notch parameters
according to DIN 3990, part 3, method B, section 9.3.
Notice
The relative reference value for the fatigue strength range can be defined by means of linear
interpolation between the values for the fatigue strength and the static strength.
Relative surface factor, YRrelTd [-] and YRrelTs [-] for pinion and wheel
The relative surface factors YRrelTd (= fatigue strength) and YRrelTs (= static strength) for a pinion and a gear
are defined dependent on the surface nature and on the material according to DIN 3990, part 3, method
B, section 10.3.2.
Notice:
The relative surface factor for the fatigue strength range is to be defined by means of linear interpolation
between the values for the fatigue strength and static strength.
Size factor YXd [-] and YXs [-] for pinion and wheel
The size factor YXd (= fatigue strength) and YXs (= static strength) for a pinion and a gear are defined
dependent on modulus, material and heat treatment according to DIN 3990, part 3, method B, table 11.1.
Notice:
The size factor for the fatigue strength range is to be defined by means of linear interpolation between
the values for the fatigue strength and static strength.
Tooth root stress limit FG [N/mm] for pinion and wheel
The tooth root stress limit FG for pinion and wheel is to be calculated as follows:
FG F l i m YST YNT Y rel T YRrel T Y X
31
MDESIGN
Gears
The permissible tooth root stress FP for pinion and wheel is to be calculated as follows:
FP
FG
S F min
YF YS Y
Safety factor for tooth breakage SF [-] for pinion and wheel
The safety factor for tooth breakage SF for pinion and wheel is to be calculated as follows:
S F FG
F
n
FG
for structural steel and chilled steel, perlite or bainite pig with spheroidal graphite, perlite malleable cast
iron (104<NL<3106):
FP statisch
e x p 0 . 4037 l og
FP dauer
for cemented steel and case-hardened steel, chilled steel and nitrided steel, gas-nitrided or nitridcarburized, ferrite pig with spheroidal graphite, grey iron
FP statisch
e x p 0 . 2876 l og
FP dauer
32
MDESIGN
Gears
The inputted load duty cycle will be sorted according the maximum values. Then for every load level an
allowable load function (according to DIN 3990 part2) and so the maximal allowable stress cycles Ni will
be calculated.
The sum of damage U according to Palmgren-Miner will be calculate as follow:
U
Nii
i
Notice:
In the DIN 3990 the calculation is according to original-Miner (only stress higher the fatigue stress will be
taken into consideration)
The ISO 6336 calculation is according to modified -Miner (also stress smaller the fatigue stress will be
taken into consideration)
As graphical evaluation you receive a pitting maximum loading diagram for a pinion and a
gear:
33
MDESIGN
Gears
2
X MI
2
1 1 1 22
E
E2
1
1 E 1 E
B M 1 1 E B M 2 1 E
2
X MB
2
1 1 1 22
E
E2
1
1
4
1
1
BM 1 BM 2
y
u
y
1
u
1 y
34
MDESIGN
Gears
X BE 0.51
z2
z2
u 1
E 1
E 2
u
1
E 1 E 2 4
with:
E 1 0 . 5 d a21 d b21
E 2 a s i n w t E 1
X 1 . 22
s i n w t 4 c os n 4 c os 4
1
c os w t 2 c os t 2
XQ = 1.0
XQ 1.4
4 f
15 a
1.5 f 3
a
f
3
a
XQ = 0.6
with
2
z1 d a1
1 tanwt
2 d b 1
2
z 2 da 2
1 tanwt
2 d b 2
Notice:
Here are f = 2 and a = 1, if the gear is driving; or f = 1 and a = 2, if the pinion is driving.
Tip relief factor XCa [-]
35
MDESIGN
Gears
The tooth head pull back factor considers the positive influence of the profile adjustments on the
overload at tooth head in the ranges of high slippage, caused on account of elastic deformation of
engaged teeth.
for12:
X Ca 1 1, 55 10 2 14 C a
for1<2:
X Ca 1 1, 55 10 2 24 C a
X Ca 1
Notice:
The considerable head pull back Ca is to be calculated as follows: At driving pinion and 1> 1.52, or at
driving gear and 1.512,
Ca = Ca1 for Ca1Ceff
Ca = Ceff for Ca1>Ceff
At driving pinion and 1 1.52 or at driving gear and 1.51<2
Ca = Ca2 for Ca2Ceff
Ca = Cefffor Ca2>Ceff
with:
for spur gearing: C e ff K A
Ft
b c
Ft
b c
1
2 22
2 1 1
1
0 . 7 12 22 0 . 22 0 . 52 0 . 60 1 2
2 1
1
X
0 . 7 12 0 . 18 22 0 . 52 1 0 . 82 2 0 . 30 1 2
2 1
1
X
0 . 44 12 0 . 59 22 0 . 30 1 0 . 30 2 0 . 15 1 2
2 1
1
0 . 18 12 0 . 7 22 0 . 82 1 0 . 52 2 0 . 30 1 2
2 1
36
MDESIGN
Gears
X
1
0 . 59 12 0 . 44 22 0 . 30 1 0 . 30 2 0 . 15 1 2
2 1
0 . 25
Ra
redC
0 . 25
with:
v C 2 s i n w t
redC
1 u
s i n w t
c os b
Notice:
The arithmetic mean rough values Ra1 and Ra2 of a pinion and of a gear are measured towards the tooth
height (manufactured roughness, Ra = 0.5(Ra1 + Ra2)).
Mean local coefficient of friction my [-] (method B)
The value of the coefficient of friction, necessary at the flash temperature method, is calculated according
to the method B for many points on the distance of action with the help of the parameter y. It means,
that it is an instant value. The displayed value my is pertinent to the maximum contact temperature. The
calculation occurs with integration of five most important values in two dimensionless groups:
w Bt
my 0 . 12
v
M
0 . 25
R
a
red
0 . 25
with:
y
v 2 y
v s i n w t
red
1 y u y a s i n w t
1 u 2
c o s b
Notice:
37
MDESIGN
Gears
The arithmetic mean rough values Ra1 and Ra2 of a pinion and of a gear are measured towards the tooth
height (manufactured roughness, Ra = 0.5(Ra1 + Ra2)).
Mass Temperature MC [C] (Integral temperature procedure)
The mass temperature MC is the temperature of the teeth flank areas imminently before the
engagement. For the integral temperature procedure after method C , the following equation is used:
MC X S oil C 1 flaE X
Notice:
C1 describes an empirically determined factor. C1 = 0.7
Mass temperature MB [C] (Flash temperature procedure)
The mass temperature is the temperature of teeth flank surfaces directly before gearing. It is calculated
for the integral temperature method according to the method C with the help of the following formula:
MB X S oil 0 . 47 fla ma x
with:
3
fl a my X M X B X X
w Bt 4 v 2
1
a 4
with:
3
1
4
w
v 2
1
fl a E mC X MI X BE X Bt
1
X Q X Ca
a 4
38
MDESIGN
Gears
B ma x M fl a ma x
w t ma x
w teff
S i ntS i ntS
i nt
S oi l
B ma x oi l
MDESIGN
Gears
Calculating groundwork
The calculating groundwork for this program is given in the DIN 3960, Edition of March 1987.
Besides this, the following DIN-standards are also used:
- DIN 3961
- DIN 3962
- DIN 3964
Axis position and Axis position tolerances of housing for spur gears, edition
November 1980
- DIN 3967
Flank play, tooth thickness dimension, tooth thickness tolerances, edition August
1978
- DIN 3977
dimension diameter for the radial or diametric standard gauge of the tooth
thickness of spur gears (cylinder gears), edition February 1981
Operating zone
The scope of this calculation module is specified as follows:
- gear ring quality
1 - 12
a-h
- tolerance row
21 - 30
js5 - js11
c os
A
As ni 2
2 Aa e ta n w t
j t ma x s ni 1
c o s
40
MDESIGN
Gears
j
j t mi n
j t t ma x
2
s nth m n 2 x ta n n
2
Notice:
Limits of tooth thickness deflection result from the tables of DIN 3967.
Normal tooth thickness sn [mm]
s
s n mi n
s n n ma x
2
41
MDESIGN
Gears
Notice:
Limits of tooth thickness deflection result from the tables of DIN 3967
Tooth width Wkth [mm]
z
Wkth mn c os n k
z i n v t
2 x m n s i n n
Notice:
Limit deflections of tooth width Wk result from tooth thickness limit deflections and limit deflection
factor AW* according to DIN 3960 (look Limit Deflection Factors).
Control teeth number k [-]
z
z
k int n
z
z
x
ta n vn 2
ta n n i n v n
1
zn
Notice:
The function (int) means, to round to next integer value near zero.
Notice:
Many control teeth numbers can be regarded. The validity of k is verified using Dial diameter dM (look DIN
3960, equation 3.8.15). For external gears is:
(dv - mn) dM (dv + 1,44mn)
Testing ball and roller diameter DM [mm]
Testing part diameter is to be defined using the theoretical value (look DIN 3960, equation 3.8.24) and
the value stored in the file.
Notice:
Many control means diameter can be regarded. The validity is verified using dial diameter dM (look DIN
3960, equation 3.8.31). In general it is allowable that at external gears the distance between the dial and
V-cylinder lies in the range (0.5 mn) towards head cylinder and (-0.1 mn) towards foot cylinder.
Radial control dimension roller / ball MrK [mm]
M rK
d K
DM
2
42
MDESIGN
Gears
Notice:
The limits of deflection of radial control dimension Mr result from the tooth thickness limit deflections
and the factor of limit of deflection AMr* according to DIN 3960 (look Factors of limit deflections).
Diametrical control dimensions for rollers or balls MdR [mm]
Spur gear with even teeth number:
M dR M dK d K DM
M dK d K c o s
DM
2 z2
Notice:
The limit deflections of diametrical control dimensions result from the tooth thickness limit deflections
and the limit deflections factor AMd* according to DIN 3960 (look Factors of limit deflections).
Factors of limit deflections [-]
Factor of limit deflections for tooth width Wk is to be calculated as follows:
AW * c os n
The factor of limit deflections AMd* of the diametrical dimension Md amounts at even teeth number as
well as at external helical gear ring with odd teeth number, if it is tested with rollers:
A Md *
c os t
s i n Kt 1 c os
with odd teeth number (for oblique gear rings but only if measured with balls):
43
MDESIGN
Gears
A Md *
c o s t
c o s
s i n K t 1 c o s
2 z1
44
MDESIGN
Gears
Groundwork Calculations
The groundwork calculations for this module are described by the following DIN specifications:
- DIN 3991
- DIN 3991
- DIN 3991
- DIN 3990
Part 1 ,
Part 2 ,
Part 3 ,
Part 5 ,
- DIN 3971,
- DIN 3965
- DIN 3965
Part 1 ,
Part 2 ,
- DIN 50 150
- ISO 23509
(basic speed N 0 . 85 )
45
MDESIGN
Gears
- Chief resonance
0 . 85 N
1 . 15
- Intermediate range
1 . 15 N
1.5
1.5
Qualities are from 1 (finest class) to 12 (roughest class) according to DIN 3965 are considered by this
program.
Calculation geometry
Input method for geometrical calculation
The input of basic data depends on the different input methods (0-3).
These methods based on the different producers.
Method 0
The input of basic data depends on the different input methods (0-3). These methods based on
the different producers.
Method1
This method is used by Gleason.
Method2
This method is used by Oerlikon.
Method3
This method is used by Klingelnberg.
Data type
Some inputs depend on the data type.
-
EN (European standard)
AGMA
Mean addendum factor of wheel
Depth factor
Clearance factor
Circular thickness factor
Wheel mean slot width
46
MDESIGN
Gears
Manufacturing considerations
Some of the geometrical calculations depend on the used manufacturing considerations.
The following manufacturing considerations can chose.
Face milling
Face hobbing
Calculation of geometry
Determination of basic data:
Gear ratio
u
z
2
z1
d m 1 2 Rm 1 s i n 1
d m 2 2 Rm 2 s i n 2
2 a
m s i n 1
c os 2
d m 2 d m1
c os 1
c os 1
47
MDESIGN
Gears
a p Rm 2 s in mp
2 Rm 2 s in 2 c os m 2
z2
coc
mp
1
lim tan
sin
sin
m
1
m
1
m
2
m
2
Rm 1 tan1 Rm 2 tan2
d e 2 2 Re 2 s in 2
Mean addendum
Mean addendum
hfm 2 mmn k hfp hm 1
Mean addendum
ham 1 mmn k hap hm 1
Mean addendum
hfm 1 mmn k hfp hm 1
Clearance
C
48
MDESIGN
Gears
s i n s i n
f2
a 1 s i n 1
c os c os
c os R
f2
s i n s i n
a2
f 1 s i n 1
c os c os a 2 c os O
49
MDESIGN
Gears
Method 0, 2, 3
be 1 c be 1 b1
Method 1
g xe ham 1 s i n 1
be 1
c os a 1
c os a 1
2
2
Re 21 Rm
2 be 1 2 Rm 2 be 1 cos mp
R
e 21
R
i 21
Outer addendum
50
MDESIGN
Gears
hfe 1 hfm 1 be 1 ta n f 1
hfe 2 hfm 2 be 2 ta n f 2
Inner addendum
hai 1 ham 1 bi 1 ta n a 1
hai 2 ham 2 bi 2 ta n a 2
Inner addendum
hfi 1 hfm 1 bi 1 ta n f 1
hfi 2 hfm 2 bi 2 ta n f 2
s mn 1 0 . 5 mmn 2 mmn x s m 1 x hm 1 ta n n
s mn 2 0 . 5 mmn 2 mmn x s m 2 x hm 1 ta n n
s mn 1
c os m 1
s mt 2
s mn 2
c os m 2
51
MDESIGN
Gears
d mn 2
d m1
1 s i n
m1 2 c os n 2 c os m1 c os 1
dm 2
2
1 s i n
m 2 c os n 2 c os m 2 c os 2
s mnc 1 d mn 1 s i n mn 1
d mn 1
s
s mnc 2 d mn 2 s i n mn 2
d
mn 2
hamc 1 ham 1 0 . 5 d mn 1 c os 1 1 c os mn 1
d mn 1
hamc 2 ham 2 0 . 5 d mn 2 c os 2 1 c os mn 2
d mn 2
52
MDESIGN
Gears
d ae 2 d e 2 2 hae 2 c os 2
diameter
d fe 1 d e 1 2 hfe 1 c os 1
d fe 2 d e 2 2 hfe 2 c os 2
diameter
d ai 1 d i 1 2 hai 1 c os 1
d ai 2 d i 2 2 hai 2 c os 2
diameter
d fi 1 d i 1 2 hfi 1 c os 1
d fi 2 d i 2 2 hfi 2 c os 2
Undercut check:
Pinion:
Working tool addendum at checkpoint
k hapx k hap
R x 2 Rm 2 ta n a 2
mmn
d Ex 1 d x 1 c os 1
2 mmn
x hm 1 x hmminx 1
R x 2 Rm 2 ta n f 2
mmn
53
MDESIGN
Gears
2
z
m xn s i n eminx
x hmmaxx 2 1 . 1 k hapx nx 2
2 mmn
x hm 1 x hmmaxx 2
P 159 . 2
n1
Tangential force
Fmt
2000 T1
d m1
Equivalent moment
Teq T1 K A
Tangential speed
v mt
d m 1 n1
318 . 3
cy
30 103
z1
mred
Basic velocity
N B 4 . 3810 10 8 n1 z1 d m 1
u2
1 u 2
54
MDESIGN
Gears
Dynamic factor Kv
if NB 0.85:
Kv N B K x 1
peff
c
Kv
cv 12 cv 4 1
Fmt
K A
b
eH
f
f
peff
c
peff
cv 12 cv 4 1
cv 56 cv 7
F
F
mt K
mt K
b
A
A
b
f peff c
eH
Kv
cv 56 cv 7 eH
1.5 N B
0.35
Fmt K
A
beH
if NB> 1.5
peff c
Kv
cv 56 cv 7
Fmt
K A
beH
Width factors
K H _ C 1, 5
K H _ be 1,1
K H _ d 1, 5 K H _ be
KH KH _d
KF KH
KB KH
MDESIGN
Gears
If 90
z1
zv 1
c os
1
z2
zv 2
c os
2
If = 90
u 2 1
zv 1 z1
zv 2 z 2 u 2 1
Gear ratio
If 90
z
uv v 2
zv 1
If = 90
uv u 2
Pitch diameter
If 90
d m1
dv 1
c os
1
dm 2
dv 2
c os
2
If = 90
u 2 1
dv 1 d m 1
dv 2 dv 1 uv
56
MDESIGN
Gears
dva 1 dv 1 2 ham 1
dva 2 dv 2 2 ham 1
dvb 1 dv 1 c os vt
dvb 2 dv 2 c os vt
Overlap ratio
b s in m 1 beH
v 1
mmn
b1
vb sin 1 sin m 1 c os n
Centre distance
av
dv 1 dv 2
2
2
2
2
2
dvb
dva
d
2 dvb 2 av s i n vt
1
2 va 1
gv c os m 1
mmn c os vt
zvn 2
zv 1
2
c os vb c os m 1
zv 2
2
c os vb c os m 1
Pitch diameter
dvn 1
dv 1
c os vb
dvn 2 dvn 1 uv
57
MDESIGN
Gears
Tip diameter
dvan 1 mmn zvn 1 dva 1 dv 1
dvan 2 mmn zvn 2 dva 2 dv 2
Root diameter
dvbn 1 dvn 1 c os n
dvbn 2 dvn 2 c os n
Overlapping factor Z
If m1 =0
Z
4 v
If (m1>0) (v<1)
Z
v
4 v
1 v
3
v
If v 1
Z
cy fp ya
v
KH
0.9 0.4
FmtH
2
beH
If v> 2
58
MDESIGN
Gears
K H 0.9 0.4
2 v 1 c y f p y a
FmtH
v
beH
If KH< 1
KH 1
KH
Z 2
v
0 . 75
v n
KF KH
If KH>v
v
KF
Y
v
Helical factor KM
If v 2
KM 1
If 2 <v< 3.5
K M 1 0.2
v 2 5 v
If v 3.5
K M 1.3
59
MDESIGN
Gears
c os vb
ZH 2
s i n 2 vt
Zone factor
ZE
1
1 2 1 2
1
2
E1
E2
Elasticity factor ZB
Individual meshing factor (pinion)
If m1 = 0
tanvt
ZB
2
dva 1
2 1 z
d
v1
vb 1
2
dva 2
2 1 v 1 z
d
v2
vb 2
If (m1> 1) (v 1)
ZB 1
If (m1> 0) (v< 1)
tanvt
ZB
2
dva 1
2 1 z
d
v1
vb 1
2
dva 2
2 1 v 1 z
d
v2
vb 2
ZD
2
dva 2
2 1 z
d
v2
vb 2
2
dva 1
2 1 v 1 z
d
v1
vb 1
If (m1> 0) (v 1)
ZD 1
60
MDESIGN
Gears
If (m1> 0) (v< 1)
tanvt
ZD
2
dva 2
2 1 z
d
v2
vb 2
2
dva 1
2 1 v 1 z
d
v1
vb 1
Helical factor
Z c os m 1
Lubricant factor
Hlim _ min min Hlim 1, Hlim 2
4 1 C ZL
134
1 . 2
s
40
mm 2
61
MDESIGN
Gears
C ZR 0 . 32 0 . 0002 Hlim _ min
1
N
mm 2
Roughness factor
R z 100
R zfl 1 R zfl 2
100
3 av
2
mm
3
ZR
R z 100
6
10 m
C ZR
Velocity factor
C Zv C ZL 0 . 002
Zv C Zv
2 1 C Zv
0.8
32
v mt
m
s
Fmt
u 1
v
dv 1 beH
uv
H 0 Z H Z E Z Z Z K
Fmt
u 2 1
d m 1 beH
u2
If = 90
If (m1> 0) (v< 1)
62
MDESIGN
Gears
H 1 Z B H 0 K A KV K H K H
If (m1> 0) (v< 1)
H 2 Z D H 0 K A KV K H K H
S H 1 HG 1
H 1
S H 2 HG 2
H 2
YFa 1
h
6 Fa 1 c os Fan 1
mmn
fp 1
G help 1
zvn 1 s in 1 3
3
c
os
1
mn
c os n
qs 1
s Fn 1
2 F 1
s
La 2 Fn 2
hFa 2
qs 2
s Fn 2
2 F 2
2.3
1
.
21
La 1
YSa 1 1 . 2 0 . 13 La 1 q s 1
63
MDESIGN
Gears
2.3
1 . 21 L
a2
YSa 2 1 . 2 0 . 13 La 2 q s 2
Y 1 v m 1
120
If v> 1
Y 1 m 1
120
If m1> 30
Y 1 v
30
120
mmn
mm
If WGruppel = 3 4 8
Y X 1 1 . 05 0 . 01
mmn
mm
If WGruppel = 5
Y X 1 1 . 075 0 . 015
WGruppel=
mmn
mm
Structural steel
Heat treatable steel
Casehardening steel
64
MDESIGN
Gears
Nitride steel
Cast iron
Spheroidal graphite pearlitic
Spheroidal graphite ferritic
Austenitic steels-stainless steel
YR _ rel _ T _ 1 1 . 64 0 . 529 zz 1
6
10 m
0.1
0 . 01
0 . 005
If RZZ1> 40 10-6 m
YR _ rel _ T _ 1 0 . 9
If gs1< 1.5
65
MDESIGN
Gears
Y _ rel _ T _ 1 0 . 95
If gs2 1.5
Y _ re l _ T _ 2 1
If gs2< 1.5
Y _ re l _ T _ 2 0 . 95
Fmt
Y
Y
Y Y Y
beF mmn Fa 1 Sa 1 K
F 02
Fmt
Y
Y
Y Y Y
beF mmn Fa 2 Sa 2 K
Root stress
F 1 F 01 K A KV K F K F
F 2 F 02 K A KV K F K F
S F 1 FG 1
F 1
S F 2 FG 2
F 2
66
MDESIGN
Gears
If vmt< 1 m/s
VC 2
m
s in vt
s
If vmt> 50 m/s
v C 100
Cn 0 . 5
m
s in vt
s
ta n vt
vb 1
c os vb
Fmt
K A KV K B K B
b
B 0 . 045 eH
c os vt v C Cn
uv
uv 1
0.2
l 0, 05 X R
150 K K K
A V
B KB
B 0 . 045
c os vt v C Cn
0.2
l 0 . 05
Flash
1
X M 50
K s 2m m
3
N 4m 2
E 2 av sin vt E 1
E 1
X BE 0 . 5 1 uv
E 2
uv
1
E 1 E 2 4
Angle factor
67
MDESIGN
Gears
1
X 1 . 22
s i n n 4
3
c os vt 4
Meshing factor
2
zv 1 dva 1
1 tanvt
v 1
2 dvb 1
2
zv 2 dva 2
1 tanvt
v 2
2 dvb 2
If (f / a) 1.5
XQ 1
4 f
15 a
If (f / a) 3
XQ 0.6
Fmt
c os vt
v max ma x v 1, v 2
If m1 = 0
KA
C a Fbmt
beH c '
If m1> 0
KA
C a Fbmt
beH c y
If Korrektur = 2 3
68
MDESIGN
Gears
X Ca 1 1 . 55 10 2 vma x 4
Ca
10 6 m
If Korrektur = 1
X Ca 1
Overlapping factor X
If va< 1
X
1
2 2
2 va v 1 v 1 v 2
0 . 7 v21 v2 2 0 . 22 va 0 . 52 0 . 6 v 1 v 2
2 va v 1
1
0 . 18 v21 0 . 7 v2 2 0 . 82 v21 0 . 52 v 2 0 . 3 v 1 v 2
2 va v 1
1
0 . 18 v2 2 0 . 7 v21 0 . 82 v2 2 0 . 52 v 1 0 . 3 v 1 v 2
2 va v 1
1
0 . 44 v21 0 . 59 v2 2 0 . 3 v 1 0 . 3 v 2 0 . 15 v 1 v 2
2 va v 1
If (2 va ) (v1v2)
If (2 va ) (v1<v2)
X
1
0 . 44 v2 2 0 . 59 v21 0 . 3 v 2 0 . 3 v 1 0 . 15 v 1 v 2
2 va v 1
Fmt
K A KV K B K B
beH
fl _ E B X M X BE X
1
av 4
3
1
4
v mt 2
1
X X
Ca
Q
69
MDESIGN
Gears
fl a _ i nt fl a _ E X
Mass temperature
C 1 0, 7
C 2 1, 5
splash lubrication
injection lubrication
Integral temperature
i nt M C 2 fl a _ i nt
If (WGruppel = 3) (WEinsatzl = 1)
XW 1 0 . 85
If (WGruppel = 3) (WEinsatzl = 2)
XW 1 1
If (WGruppel = 3) (WEinsatzl = 3)
XW 1 1 . 15
If WGruppel = 4
XW 1 1 . 5
70
MDESIGN
Gears
If WGruppel = 1 2 5 6 7
XW 1 i
XW mi n( XW 1, XW 2 )
X
XW _ rel _ T W
XWT
40
0 . 02
i n t _ S MT C 2 XW _ re l _ T fl a _ i n t _ T
S int _ S int _ S
int
71
MDESIGN
Gears
Calculation Base
The calculation groundwork for the module cylindrical worm gear is provided by the following DIN
standards:
- DIN 3974 Part 1,
- DIN 3975
- DIN 3976
- DIN 3996 Draft
Range of Application
Using the given module cylindrical worm gear pairs you can you can prove with this program strength
(pitting maximum loading, dedendum maximum loading), deflection safety, temperature safety as well as
the wearing maximum loading of worm gearing.
The operating area should be defined as follows:
-
72
MDESIGN
Gears
d m1
m
Gear ratio i
i u
1
i
u
worm is driving
worm gear is driving
Pitch diameter d2
d2 m z2
Axial pitch px
px m
d m1
73
MDESIGN
Gears
d f 1 d m 1 2 m 1 c P*
d f 2 d a 2 2m 2 c P*
Gearing angle x
ta n n
x a rc ta n
c os m
hf 1 m 1 c P*
hf2 m 1 x c P*
m
c os m
2
74
MDESIGN
Gears
Normal modulus mn
mn m c os m
m z1
2
b2 mi n 2 m 0 . 5 q 1
Strength Proof
Number of revolutions of a worm-wheel n2
n2
n 1 z1
z2
Lh n 1 60
u
dm1 n1
60 1000
75
MDESIGN
Gears
v m1
c os m
gm 0,17
oT 0, 018 0, 026
oT 0, 022 0, 013
mineral oil
0, 76
gm 0, 2
0, 78
1,16
gm 0, 2
b 2H
x
*
pm
1 . 03 0 . 4 0 . 01 z 2 0 . 083
u
mx
u 1
9 50
2q 1
u
6.9
15 . 9 37 . 5 q
Notice:
only for flank forms ZI, ZA, ZN, ZK, ZH
b 2H
x
*
pm
1.03 0.31 0.78 0.08 z 2 0.065
u
mx
u 1
9 50
2q 1
u
8.9
20.3 47.9 q
Notice:
only for flank form ZC
Index for the mean sliding range S*
S * 0 . 78 0 . 21 u
5.6
ta n m
Notice:
only for flank forms ZI, ZA, ZN, ZK, ZH
76
MDESIGN
Gears
S * 0 . 78 0 . 21 u
5.6
ta n m
Notice:
only for flank form ZC
Index for die mean lubricating slot thickness h*
h * 0 . 018
b 2H
2q 1
q
1
x
u
Notice:
only for flank forms ZI, ZA, ZN, ZK, ZH
h * 0 . 025
2q 1
q
1
x
u
5 . 83 q z 2 z 2 81 . 6 274 . 7 m x
158 . 6
Notice:
only for flank form ZC
Structure dimension factor YS
100
YS
0.5
Notice:
for a < 65mm is substituted a = 65mm!
for a > 250mm is substituted a = 250mm!
Geometry factor YG
0 . 07
YG
h*
0.5
Roughness factor YR
Rz 1
YR 4
6 0.5
77
MDESIGN
Gears
100 ta n m
ta n m a rc ta n zm
Notice:
Worm is driving!
'z
ta n m a rc ta n zm 100
ta n m
gear is driving!
Gear ring loss power Pvz
Pvz
0 . 1 T 2 n 1 100
1
u
z
'
Pvz
0 . 1 T 2 n 1 100
1
'
u
z
Notice:
Worm is driving!
gear is driving!
Idling power Pvo
Pvo 0 . 89 10 4 a n 14 / 3
0 . 03 P 2 a 0 . 44 u 1000
dm 2
Notice:
settled bearing!
Pvlp
0 . 013 P 2 a 0 . 44 u 1000
dm 2
fixed-free bearing!
78
MDESIGN
Gears
P2
P 2 Pv
ges
P1
P1 Pv
Notice:
Worm is driving!
gear is driving!
Power P1
P1
P2
ges
Notice:
Worm is driving!
P 1 P 2 ges
gear is driving!
Nominal peripheral forces Ftm1, Ftm2
Ftm 1
2000 T1
dm 1
Ftm 2
2000 T 2
dm 2
79
MDESIGN
Gears
F xm 2 Ftm 1
Ftm 1
c os sin m zm c os m
Notice:
Worm is driving!
Fnm 1 Fnm 2
Ftm 1
c os sin m zm c os m
gear is driving!
Limit value of deflection lim
lim 0.01 m
Resultant deflection m
ta n2 m a rc ta n zm
2
2
m 3 . 2 10 5 l 11
l1 l11 Ftm 2
ta n2
c os 2 m
d m4 1 l1
S F G
F
1 1 21
2
E1
E2
MDESIGN
Gears
*
4 p T 1000 K 1 E red
Hm m 2
a3
0.5
25000 6
Z H
LH
3000
2900 a
Zv
5
4 v gm
Velocity factor Zv
S H HG
Hm
5 . 23 n 1
a0
0 . 28
100 60
0 . 68
40 2 . 203
100
0 . 0237
a 22 . 36
0 . 915
81
MDESIGN
Gears
3 . 4 n1
a1
0 . 22
100 60
0 . 43
10 . 8 40
100
0 . 0636
a 20 . 4
0 . 26
a0
a1
8 . 1 n1
0 . 23
100 60
3 . 90 n 1
100 60
0 . 34
0.7
40
100
40
100
0 . 41
0 . 170
a 32
0 . 63
u 0 . 22 a 48
0 . 34
ST s lim
s
Pvz
K 1940 15 n 1 b2 R d m 2 10 6
Pvz
K 4190 b2 R d m 2 10 6
with:
Structure dimension factor Ks
82
MDESIGN
Gears
160
Ks
0.6
Viscosity factor Kv
Kv
55
0 . 35
Kn
n1
0 . 35
1 . 02
1 K m 1 . 5
with:
K 7 10 4
K 7 . 7 10 4
(mineral oil)
(polyglycol)
1000
h min m
K A T 2 0 . 13
with:
C 1 . 7 10 8
(mineral oil)
C 1 . 3 10 8
(polyglycol)
Wearing range sw
a NL 2
sw s * Hm
E red 1000
w l i m n 1 m c o s m 2 ta n
2
83
MDESIGN
Gears
b) Tooth thickness
w lim n 2 m c os m *s
c)
Mass removal
w lim n 3
m lim c os m c os
b
2H
p 2 z 2 2m d m 1 a rc s i n
d a1
Notice:
The minimum value for the wearing removal is most substantial!
Wearing intensity Jw
Jw 2 . 4 10 11 h min m
Jw 127 10
12
3.1
h minm
100 poiLM
1000
WML
WML
for polyglycol
Wearing removal wn
w n Jw sw
w lim n
w n
Overlap factor Y
Y 0 . 5
Helix factor Y
Y
1
c os m
84
MDESIGN
Gears
S ft 2
m
ta n
*s m d m 2 d f 2
2
c os m
Form factor YF
YF
2.9 m
S ft 2
if
YK=1.25
if
d
SK f 2 1 . 5 m
2
df 2
SK
1.5 m
2
Ftm 2 Y YF YK Y K A
b 2H m
MDESIGN
Begriffe und Bestimmungsgren
Toleranzen fr Kegelradverzahnungen
Toleranzen fr Kegelradverzahnungen
Toleranzen fr Stirnradverzahnungen]
Toleranzen fr Abweichungen
Achsabstandsmae und Achslagetoleranzen von
Gehusen fr Stirnradgetriebe
Flankenspiel, Zahndickenabmessungen,
Zahndickentoleranzen
Mestckdurchmesser fr das radiale oder diametrale
Prfma der Zahndicke an Stirnrdern (Zylinderrder)
Beuth Verlag GmbH, Berlin, Kln
Tragfhigkeitsberechnung von ZylinderSchneckengetrieben
Gears
DIN 3971, 7/80
DIN 3965, Part 1, Edition 8/86 Grundlagen
DIN 3965, Part 2, Edition 8/86 Toleranzen
fr Abweichungen
DIN 3961, Edition 8/78
DIN 3962, Part 1, Edition 8/78
DIN 3964, Edition 11/80
DIN3967, Edition 8/78
DIN 3977, Edition 2/81
DIN3996, Edition 9/96
Temperature T [C]
To determine the influence of working temperature and part dimensions on strength characteristics such
as ultimate strength, Rm, Rp and yield strength, you should use the FKM guideline "Rechnerischer
Festigkeitsnachweis fr Maschinenbauteile" (Calculational strength proof for machine parts), 5th,
extended edition of 2003. This method is realised in the module Material Data. The material parameters
are transferred from the input page to the module Material Data. Being calculated, the corrected
parameters are returned from the module Material Data to the actual calculation taking to account the
influence of temperature and part dimension.
The FKM guideline considers the influence of normal and elevated temperature and part dimensions on
the material strength characteristics by determining such parameters as effective diameter deff,
technological dimension factor Kdm (Kdp), anisotropy factor KA and other temperature factors. In detail, the
method of determining strength characteristics according to the FKM guideline is expounded in the help
for the module Material data.
86