CH 01 Introduction

05/07/2013
GANDHINAGAR,GUJARAT,INDIA
www.kalpatarupower.com
TrainingProgrammeonDesignofTransmission
Lines,StructuresandFoundationsinSriLanka
from01to05July2013forCEBEngineers
POWERTRANSMISSIONLIMITED,
Ch -01
INTRODUCTION
ENGINEERING DEP
PARTMENT
TRAINING PROGRAMME ON
DESIGN OF TRANSMISSION LINES,
STRUCTURES AND FOUNDATIONS
CEB ENGINEERS
By
CHAPTER - 01
INTRODUCTION
ENGINEERING DEP
PARTMENT
POWER TRANSMISSION LIMITED

ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
Ch -01
TOPICS COVERED
INTRODUCTION
GENERALONTRANSMISSIONLINE
ELECTRICALCLEARANCE
SAGTENSIONCALCULATION
LOADINGONTOWER
3
B.B.SHAH
SUJALSHAH
KAUSHALTHAKKAR
SUJALSHAH
KAUSHALTHAKKAR
SAGTEMPLATECURVEANDTOWERSPOTTINGDATA
B.B.SHAH
MEMBERFORCECALCULATION MANUALMETHOD
SUJALSHAH
COMPRESSIVESTRENGTHOFMEMBERS
TENSILESTRENGTHOFMEMBERS
JOINTDESIGN
DESIGNEXERCISEWITHDIFFERENTREDUNDANTPATTERN
STRUCTURAL DRAWING SHOP SKETCHES AND BILLOFMATERIAL
STRUCTURALDRAWING,SHOPSKETCHES
BILL OF MATERIAL
PROTOASSEMBLY,TOWERTYPETESTINGANDERECTION
FOUNDATIONDESIGN
TRANSPOSITIONARRANGEMENTANDSTRINGINGCHART
KAUSHALTHAKKAR
SUJALSHAH
KAUSHALTHAKKAR
SUJALSHAH
Ch -01
POWER TRANSMISSION & DISTRIBUTION
Power
substation
High Voltage
Transmission Line
Transmission
Sub--Station
Sub
Power Plant
KAUSHAL THAKKAR
KAUSHALTHAKKAR
SUJALSHAH
SUJALSHAH
KAUSHALTHAKKAR
BRIEFONTOWERSPOTTINGINPLS CADD
SUJALSHAH
CONDUCTORDESIGNANDBEHAVIOUR
SUJALSHAH
LINEDESIGN UPGRADINGANDUPRATING
B.B.SHAH
FFEDBACK /CONCLUDINGSESSION
ENGINEERING DEP
PARTMENT
ENGINEERING DEP
PARTMENT
05/07/2013
INTRODUCTION
Electrical energy - most convenient & cleanest form of energy

Maximum usage in world over for development & growth of economy
Generation, transmission and utilization is continuously increasing
The technical, environmental and economic considerations resulting in
longer transmission lines & higher and higher voltages
INTRODUCTION
On the basis of experience and designing skill, a tower designer can

produce tower designs conforming to specifications & create
optimum reduction in tower weight without sacrificing stability and
reliability features of the finished tower.
Optimization in line cost considering proper stability and reliability
depends on
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
The transmission line towers constitute about 28 to 42% cost of

transmission line.
Optimization in tower design can bring significant economy in cost.
the selection of tower configuration,

choice of steel structural for tower members,
type of tower,
types of connection,
base width etc.
Its foundations,
Type of tower,
Development of structural arrangement of tower members,
members
Detailing of connections,
Quality of steel structural,
Proper soil investigations,
Use of foundations according to soil conditions at sites,
Accuracy and adequate care in tower erection,
Proper maintenance of the erected towers.
7
ENGINEERING DEP
PARTMENT
Ch -01
With increase in transmission voltage levels, the heights & weights of

towers increases and so has their cost.
9
9
9
9
9
1000 / 1100 / 1200 kV ac and 750 kV dc have also been introduced

in some countries.
INTRODUCTION
Tower constitute a very vital component of transmission lines, as

these perform functions of supporting the power conductors and
ground wires at the requisite distances above ground level and
maintaining conductor spacing under all operating conditions.
The weight of a tower is influenced to a great extent by
Transmission systems with voltages of 800 kV ac and 800 kV dc are

already in operation in some of the countries
Ch -01
ENGINEERING DEP
PARTMENT
Ch -01
Ch -01
Philosophies in Design of Transmission Lines
Philosophies in Design of Transmission Lines

Earlier the design
g of transmission line was made as p
per design
g
philosophy based on deterministic concept of Loadings and strengths
with specified factors of safety for the different operating conditions.
Now the design of transmission line is made as per design philosophy
based on probabilistic concept of Loadings and strengths with specified
factors of safety for the different operating conditions.
8
ENGINEERING DEP
PARTMENT
ENGINEERING DEP
PARTMENT
Next slides cover the overview of the entire training curriculum in brief.
(For the purpose of easy understanding some sample values are

furnished simply to illustrate the point and bear no relevance
whatsoever, except the standard to which it refers.)
05/07/2013
INRODUCTION
Ch-02 General on Transmission Line

( To be taken up by Mr. Sujal Shah )
Describes the types of towers, tower shapes & designation of towers
and brings out the essential differences between the various types of
towers
Tower geometry in general the various portions of towers and details
of the factors which determine tower height, tower width at various
levels and the spread of cross-arms.
It also describes the various type of bracing systems, insulator strings
and gives details of their composition.
Ch -01
10
INRODUCTION
Ch-04 Sag Tension Calculation

This chapter covers the philosophy of
9 sag-tension
sag tension calculation,
calculation
9 Formulae used,
Example of sag tension calculation.
Ch-05 Loading on Tower
( To be taken up by Mr. Kaushal Thakkar )
p
defines the various types
yp of loads and its calculations.
This chapter
Ch-03 Electrical Clearance

Methods for their estimation for climatic loading under normal condition
as well as broken wire condition.
This chapter covers the graphical method of checking electrical

clearance on tower, at mid-span between conductor and earthwire.
Sample loading calculation of suspension and tension towers for

9 Conductor,
9 Earthwire,
9 OPGW.
These are the basics of deciding tower geometry.
Ch -01
INRODUCTION
Ch-06 Sag Template Curve and Tower Spotting Data

( To be taken up by Mr. B. B. Shah )
This chapter describes in detail about the terms used like,
like
9 sag template curve,
9 ruling span,
9 weight span,
9 tower spotting
p
g data.
These terms are explained with suitable sample
9 Sag template curve,
9 Tower spotting data including calculations.
11
ENGINEERING DEP
PARTMENT
ENGINEERING DEP
PARTMENT
Ch -01
Ch -01
INRODUCTION
Ch-07 Member Force Calculation Manual Method

Method of analysis as plane truss to arrive at member forces by manual
method.
Calculations of member forces in
9 Leg,
9 Bracing,
12
ENGINEERING DEP
PARTMENT
ENGINEERING DEP
PARTMENT
9 Lower Member and Upper member of Cross arm,

9 Belt
Explained with sample calculations by assuming geometry of tower and
loading (wire loads + wind on tower) applied.
05/07/2013
13
INRODUCTION
Ch-08 Compressive Strength Of Members

To calculate compressive strength depending on length & sectional
properties of any member.
Selection of
9 Grades and sizes of steel structural for tower members,
9 Use of high tensile steel and mild steel sections,
Selection of grades and sizes of steel structural for tower members, use
of high tensile steel and mild steel sections.
Ch-10 Joint Design

Types of joints and calculation of strength for the joint.
INRODUCTION
Ch-11 Exercise with Different Redundant Patterns

Exercise for calculation of compressive strength of particular member.
Design with different redundant patterns, which is useful to understand
how to achieve economy in tower weights keeping enough safety
margins.
Ch-12 Structural Drawing, Shop Sketch and Bill of Material
Structural drawing and its contents,
Shop sketch and its contents & Bill of material in Detail,
CNC data generated from computer software
Standard accessories which are used on tower
Various stub setting arrangement explained with detailed drawing.
15
ENGINEERING DEP
PARTMENT
Ch -01
To calculate tensile strength of any member depending on material used

for the member.
member
Use of high tensile & mild steel material, permissible stresses in bolts.
9 Permissible stresses in tower members.
14
INRODUCTION
Ch-09 Tensile Strength of Members

Selection of grades and sizes of bolt for different splice / joint within
tower members.
9 Slenderness ratio limits for members with calculated and uncalculated

stresses,
Ch -01
ENGINEERING DEP
PARTMENT
Ch -01
Ch -01
INRODUCTION
Ch-13 Proto Assembly, Tower Type Testing and Erection

Purpose and requirement of proto assembly
Points to check on proto assembly
Tower testing procedure and testing facilities at KPTL, India
Brief explanation about helicopter erection with Photographs and video
16
ENGINEERING DEP
PARTMENT
ENGINEERING DEP
PARTMENT
Ch-14
Ch
14 Foundation Design
Types of loads acting on foundation, basic parameters of soil
Types of foundation & its shapes and designs
A sample foundation design as per BS standard
05/07/2013
Ch -01
17
INRODUCTION
Ch-15 Transposition Arrangement and Stringing Chart

Conventional practice for transposition arrangement for horizontal &
vertical configuration towers.
towers
A new approach for transposition arrangement for S/C horizontal
configuration towers & D/C vertical configuration towers.
Advantages and cost benefit in comparison
arrangements being adopted in industry.
with
conventional
Ch -01
18
INRODUCTION
Ch-16 Brief on Tower Spotting in PLS - CADD

Installation of software,
software generating files for cables,
cables criteria,
criteria structures.
structures
Generating xyz files, defining line alignments, adding structures.
Generating stringing files for spotting towers in PLS CADD software.
Ch-17 Conductor Design and Behavior
This chapter also discuss about starting conditions used to develop

stringing chart.
Various types of conductors.
Description of Chart for Conductor/ Earthwire and Initial / Final Tension.
Comparison of AAAC & ACSR conductor.
ENGINEERING DEP
PARTMENT
ENGINEERING DEP
PARTMENT
Creep compensation for over head power line conductors.
Ch -01
INRODUCTION
Ch-18 Line Design Upgrading and Uprating

( To be taken up by Mr. B. B. Shah )
How to upgrade the low voltage line with higher voltage without
modifying the existing tower or may be with some modification in
existing tower.
Methodology for uprating the line.
Case studies for upgrading and uprating included in the chapter.
Topic:- Challenges in Transmission Line Construction
( To be taken up by Mr. Sabu Mathews )
Concluding Session
Feedback from the participants on all topics covered in the training
sessions as well as any other discussion regarding the Design of
Transmission lines, Structures and foundations.
19
Ch -01
INTRODUCTION
T H A N K S
B. B. SHAH
bbshah@kalpatarupower.com
SUJAL SHAH
sujal@kalpatarupower.com
KAUSHAL
kaushal.thakkar@kalpatarupower.com
20
ENGINEERING DEP
PARTMENT
ENGINEERING DEP
PARTMENT
Distribution of certificate to participates.

CH 01 Introduction

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05/07/2013

POWER TRANSMISSION LIMITED

POWER TRANSMISSION & DISTRIBUTION

Electrical energy - most convenient & cleanest form of energy

On the basis of experience and designing skill, a tower designer can

The transmission line towers constitute about 28 to 42% cost of

the selection of tower configuration,

With increase in transmission voltage levels, the heights & weights of

1000 / 1100 / 1200 kV ac and 750 kV dc have also been introduced

Tower constitute a very vital component of transmission lines, as

The weight of a tower is influenced to a great extent by

Transmission systems with voltages of 800 kV ac and 800 kV dc are

Philosophies in Design of Transmission Lines

Philosophies in Design of Transmission Lines

(For the purpose of easy understanding some sample values are

Ch-02 General on Transmission Line

Ch-04 Sag Tension Calculation

Ch-03 Electrical Clearance

This chapter covers the graphical method of checking electrical

Sample loading calculation of suspension and tension towers for

These are the basics of deciding tower geometry.

Ch-06 Sag Template Curve and Tower Spotting Data

Ch-07 Member Force Calculation Manual Method

9 Lower Member and Upper member of Cross arm,

Ch-08 Compressive Strength Of Members

Ch-10 Joint Design

Types of joints and calculation of strength for the joint.

Ch-11 Exercise with Different Redundant Patterns

To calculate tensile strength of any member depending on material used

9 Permissible stresses in tower members.

Ch-09 Tensile Strength of Members

9 Slenderness ratio limits for members with calculated and uncalculated

Ch-13 Proto Assembly, Tower Type Testing and Erection

Ch-15 Transposition Arrangement and Stringing Chart

Ch-16 Brief on Tower Spotting in PLS - CADD

This chapter also discuss about starting conditions used to develop

Various types of conductors.

Description of Chart for Conductor/ Earthwire and Initial / Final Tension.

Comparison of AAAC & ACSR conductor.

Creep compensation for over head power line conductors.

Ch-18 Line Design Upgrading and Uprating

Distribution of certificate to participates.

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