DEFLECTION OF STRUCTURES

- Deflection will happen when structures are subjected

to external load, temperature change, having lack of fit
problems (members too short, too long etc)
EAS253 :

: rotation/slope

- Deflection of beams using

- moment area method
- conjugate-beam method

: displacement

DEFLECTION OF STRUCTURES

EAS254 :
- Determination of deflection using ENERGY
METHOD
- Method of Virtual Work
- Method Using Castiglianos 2nd Theorem
- for
- trusses, beams and frames

DEFLECTION OF STRUCTURES

- Beam

- Frame

- Truss

DEFLECTION OF STRUCTURES
Principle of Virtual Work
Principle of Virtual Forces For Deformable Bodies
- If a deformable structure which is in
EQUILIBRIUM under a set of Virtual Forces ( and
Couples) is subjected to an arbitrary small Real
Displacement which is consistent with the support
condition and continuity condition of the structure,
then

DEFLECTION OF STRUCTURES
Principle of Virtual Work
Principle of Virtual Forces For Deformable Bodies
External virtual work done by virtual external
forces (couples) acting through real external
displacement (rotation)
=
Internal virtual work done by internal virtual forces
(moments) acting through internal real
displacement (rotation)

Wve = Wvi

DEFLECTION OF STRUCTURES
Principle of Virtual Forces For Deformable Bodies
Wve = Wvi

- The truss is in
EQUILIBRIUM under
Pv

v,A
C

Pv
C
B

F v,BC

- At joint C, internal
force Fv,AC and Fv,BC
are in equilibrium with
external force Pv
VIRTUAL FORCE

DEFLECTION OF STRUCTURES
Principle of Virtual Forces For Deformable Bodies
Wve = Wvi

- Imposition of real
displacement at joint
C

v,A
C

Pv

F v,BC

DEFLECTION OF STRUCTURES
Principle of Virtual Forces For Deformable Bodies
Wve = Wvi

v,A
C

Pv

F v,BC

Wve = Pv
Wvi = Fv,AC AC + Fv,BC BC

DEFLECTION OF STRUCTURES
Principle of Virtual Forces For Deformable Bodies

Wve = Wvi

: external

Real displacement
1.

= Fv

1 : external

Virtual forces
Fv : internal

: internal

DEFLECTION OF STRUCTURES
Principle of Virtual Forces For Deformable Bodies
Wve = Wvi

EA
C

: external
Real displacement

1.

= Fv

1 : external

H
B

: internal

Real
system

If C,Y is required

Virtual forces

Fv : internal

1
B

Virtual
system

DEFLECTION OF STRUCTURES
P
C
M
L, EI

EI : flexural rigidity

- REAL SYSTEM
- M due to actual loads

DEFLECTION OF STRUCTURES
1
C
- VIRTUAL SYSTEM for C
- MV due to virtual loads
1
C
- VIRTUAL SYSTEM for C
- MV due to virtual loads

DEFLECTION OF STRUCTURES
P
C
M

L, EI
EI : flexural rigidity

- REAL SYSTEM, M
1
C
- VIRTUAL SYSTEM for C, MV

1. c= Mv (M/EI) dx

DEFLECTION OF STRUCTURES
P
C
M

L, EI
EI : flexural rigidity

- REAL SYSTEM, M
1
C
- VIRTUAL SYSTEM for C, MV

1. c= Mv (M/EI) dx

DEFLECTION OF STRUCTURES
C

P2

P1
B

C
C

EI : constant

1. c= FV (FL/EA) +
Mv (M/EI) dx
- If effect of axial
deformation is considered

MV
,FV

1. c= Mv (M/EI) dx
EI : constant

- VIRTUAL SYSTEM for C, MV

- If effect of axial
deformation is neglected
- which is generally
justified/valid

DEFLECTION OF STRUCTURES
C

P2

P1
B

C
C

EI : constant

1. c= FV (FL/EA) +
Mv (M/EI) dx
- If effect of axial
deformation is considered

A
B

1
EI : constant

Mv
, Fv
A

- VIRTUAL SYSTEM for C, MV

1. c= Mv (M/EI) dx
- If effect of axial
deformation is neglected
- which is generally
justified/valid