BASIC MULTINOMIAL THEOREM

By Watng'Foh-The Day-Yue'Retur Ft-uy on Tuesday, September 23, 2014 at 5:36am

(x+a)^n=nC0*x^n+nC1*x^(n-1)*a+nC2*(x)^(n-2)*a^2..............................nCn*a^n
note- total number of terms here n+1 not n. bcz n is varying from o ton so total terms will be n+1

so general term (rth term of this expansion) of this expansion is T(r+1) =nCr*x^r*(a)^(n-r) where r
varies from 0 to n
.

MULTINOMIAL THEOREM

----------------------------------

let series (x+y+z+k) ^n

so general term of this equation will be = [ n! /(r1! *r2!*r3!*r4!)] * (x)^r1*(y)^r2*(z)^r3*(k)^r4
where r1+r2+r3+r4=n

EXAMPLE - find coefficient of x^3*y^4*z^3 in expansion of (2x+y+4z)^10

ANSWERgeneral term of this equation is = 10! / (r1! *r2! *r3!) * (2x)^r1*(y)^r2*(4z)^r3
=10! / (r1! *r2! *r3!) * (2) ^r1*(4)^r3* x^r1*y^r2*z^r3
now we have to find x^3*y^4*z^3 so r1=3, r2=4 and r3=3
put t value of r1, r2, r3 here 10! / (r1! *r2! *r3!) * (2) ^r1*(4) ^r3* x^r1*y^r2*z^r3
so, coefficient is 10! / (3! *4! *3!) * (2) ^3*(4) ^3
----_____________________________________________________________________________
__
QUESTION-2
find greatest coefficient in (x+y+z+k)^15

ANSWER - general term = 15!/(r1!*r2!*r3!*r4!) * x^r1*y^r2*z^r3*k^r4

so basicially we have to maximize 15!/(r1!*r2!*r3!*r4!) term
so we have to minimize (r1!*r2!*r3!*r4!) so for this symmetary is usefull so put values as close as
possible here
r1=r2=r3=4 and r4=3
so greatest coefficient is 15!/(3!*(4!)^3)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

QUESTION-3
find coefficient of x^6 in (1+x^2-x^3) ^8
ANSWER- general term = 8! /r1! *r2! *r3! * (1) ^r1*(x^2) ^r2*(-x^3) ^r3
= 8! /r1! *r2! *r3! * x^(2r2) *(-1) ^r3*(x)^3r3
=8! /r1! *r2! *r3! *(-1) ^r3*x^(2r2+3r3)
now we have to find coefficient of x^6 here (for any coefficient same procedure)
so r1+r2+r3=8
2r2+3r3=6
find r1 ,r2 and r3 here
let r3=0 so r2=3 so r1=2 and let r3=2,so r2=0 so r1=6 (r1,r2,r3 should be integer bcz term can't
be negative)

now coefficient will be 8!/r1!*r2!*r3! *(-1)^r3

put both values of r1,r2 and r3 and add
so 8!/5!*3!+8!/2!*6!=84
---------------_____________________________________________________________________________
___

NOTE- method seems lengthy but it will hardly take 1 to 2 min with 100% accuracy (y)

CONCEPTcoefficient of x^r in (1-x)^-n is n+r-1cn-1 (dhyan se dekhna its look like n+r-1cr-1 but its n+r-1cn-1
in this case)

QUESTIONfind coefficint of x^13 in (x+x^2+x^3+x^4+x^5+x^6)^4

ANSWER(x+x^2+x^3+x^4+x^5+x^6)^4
= x^4(1+x+x^2+x^3+x^4+x^5)^4
=x^4(1-x^6/(1-x) )^4
= x^4(1-x^6)^4 (1-x)^-4
so coefficent of x^13 in x^4(1-x^6)^4 (1-x)^-4
so coefficient of x^9 in (1-x^6)^4 (1-x)^-4

(1-x^6)^4 general term of this is 4cr*(1)^r*(-x^6)^(4-r)= 4cr*(-1)^(4-r)*x^(24-6r)

(1-x)^-4 coefficient of x^r1 is 4+r-1c4-1=(3+r1)C3

so 4cr*(-1)^(4-r)*x^24-6r+r1 *( 3+r1)C3 so for coefficient of x^9

24-6r+r1=9 so 6r-r1=15 so r =3 and r1=3 or r=4 and r1=9
so coefficient = 4cr*(-1)^(4-r)**( 3+r1)C3 ..
=4c3*(-1)^1*6c3+4c4*(-1)^0*(3+9)c3
= 140
USEULL IN SOME PROBABILITY PROBLEMS RELATED TO DICE)