Open Pit Opt

MEDSYSTEM
Open Pit Optimization

Workbook
Mintec, Inc.
March 1999
Table of Contents
Section 1Introduction
Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1
Section 2Dipper Pit Analysis / Overview
Economic Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Variations of Dipper Pit Designs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Brief description of the Floating Cone (FC) method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Brief description of the Lerchs-Grossmann (LG) method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
DIPPER Programs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Program Limits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-1
2-1
2-4
2-4
2-4
2-5
2-6
Section 3Training Project / Outlines

Section 4Familiarization with Deposit
Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1
Deposit and File Surface Topography Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1
Familiarization Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-5
Exercise 1 - Viewing the Topography in MineSight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-5
Exercise 2 Visualizing the Model Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-7
Exercise 3 Calculate Geologic Reserves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-10
Exercise 4 Edit model data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-19
Section 5Floating Cone Example Using Grade Item
Floating Cone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-1
Section 6Varying Mining Cost by Bench
Mining Costs By Bench . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-1
Section 7Dollar/Block Approach Using Lerchs-Grossmann Method
Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-1
Section 8Dollar/Block Approach with LG and Reblocking
Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-1
Section 9Dollar/Block Approach with Reblocked LG and Complex Slopes
Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-1
Complex Slopes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-1
Section 10Dollar/Block Approach Varying Ore Processing and Recovery by Alteration type
Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-1
Section 11Create A Net Value Dipper Model From The Block Model With A User Subroutine
Section 12Adding Mining Restrictions to Dipper Using String Boundary
Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-1
Appendix
Floating Cone Economic Evaluation Detailed Example / Calculation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . a-1
2-D Lerchs-Grossmann Economic Evaluation Detailed Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . a-9
Floating Cone vs. Lerchs-Grossmann (2-D) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . a-12
Technical Papers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . a-16
Summary
This 3 days training course will focus on the open pit mine optimization
capabilities of MEDSYSTEM. During these days we will do the following
tasks:
OVERVIEW OF DIPPER PIT ANALYSIS IN MEDSYSTEM
(Section 2)
1. We will define different parameters used in programs.
2. Describe the floating cone and Lerchs -Grossmann approach
3. List and comment on programs available
4. Discuss various other considerations
FAMILIARIZATION with DEPOSIT (Section 4)
1. This training course will start with a block model already built.
Trainees will display surface topo, bench maps and vertical
sections using MINESIGHT to become familiar with the deposits
grade distribution, limits, depth of cover to ore, etc.
2. Trainees will calculate bench-by-bench geologic reserves and a
histogram of copper equivalent grades.
DIPPER PIT ANALYSIS (Sections 5-12)
1. Trainees will determine economic final pit limits through the
generation and analysis of a series of DIPPER Pit shells based on
copper price. We will do various exercises involving the floating
cone approach, the Lerchs-Grossmann approach, variable and
complex slopes, GRADE and DOLLAR/BLOCK items, and Reblocking.
2. The main MEDSYSTEM programs the trainees will use are:
M650ED - Digitize and Display data
M717-M729- DIPPER programs
M806V1 - DIPPER Pit Analysis and preliminary scheduler
MS2 - 3D display
Open Pit Optimization Training Workbook
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Section 2Dipper Pit Analysis
Section 2Dipper Pit Analysis / Overview

Economic pit designs are determined in MEDSYSTEM using the DIPPER
set of programs where DIPPER stands for Dynamic Interactive Pit Planner
and EvaluatoR. The economic designs are referred to as DIPPER pits and
these are usually used as guidelines for more detailed designs that account
for roads, minimum mining widths, etc.
Economic
Parameters
The economic parameters considered in determining the DIPPER pits are:

A Cost to mine waste
B Cost to mine and process ore (feed to the mill)
C Net value of recovered product
D (net value = (price - treatment costs) * Recovery)
A net value and processing cost of leach material can also be included if
desired as well as cost of overburden waste.
These parameters are used to determine a profit figure for each block in the
model. Waste blocks will have negative profit figures and ore blocks will
have positive profit figures. These block by block profit figures in
combination with allowable pit slopes are used to determine the economic
pit limits on a whole block basis using either a floating cone or LerchsGrossmann evaluation procedure.
Variations of
Dipper Pit Designs
The pit designer has several options available for:

A Handling the economics
B Handling the slope criteria
C Doing the evaluation
Handling the
Economics
The economics can be handled in the following ways:

1. Let the pit design program calculate the block by block profit figures
based on the GRADE of the block.
2. Precalculate the block by block profit figures prior to running the pit
design program and store that information as either DOLLAR/TONNE
values or DOLLAR/BLOCK values.
3. Use %ORE as block values.
Guidelines for selecting which approach to use are as follows:
1. Use GRADE (%grade, oz/t or gr/t) approach when:
a. density is constant for all materials.
b. stripping cost is either constant for all waste blocks or varies only by
depth.
c. mining and processing cost is either constant for all ore blocks or
varies only by depth.
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2a. Use DOLLAR/TONNE (net or gross value) approach when:

a. density is constant for all materials.
b. stripping cost varies for waste blocks by factors other than depth.
c. mining and processing cost varies for ore blocks by factors other
than depth.
2b. Use DOLLAR/BLOCK (net or gross value) approach when:
a. density varies by material type.
b. stripping cost varies as in case 2.
c. mining and processing cost varies as in case 2.
3. Use %ORE approach when :
a. a percentage of each block is ore .
b. costs are constant.
The simplest approach is the GRADE approach with the constant density
and estimated cost values applied throughout the model. This approach also
allows one to generate a series of DIPPER pits based on different economic
criteria in one run of the pit design program.
The second approach handles the more detailed situation where costs and
density vary depending on the location of the block, type of material,
alteration, etc. Here the user must specify the profit calculation equations
and the criteria identifying the blocks to which each equation applies. This is
usually done by using either program M612RP(Calculations for Mine Model
File) or by writing a user subroutine in FORTRAN and then interfacing the
subroutine with the model through Program M612V1. These two programs
store the block profit values in File 15. They are then transferred to a
condensed block file known as the B-File prior to running the pit
optimization program. One can bypass the storage of the block profit values
in File 15 and write them directly to the B-File by using Program M718V2
with a User Subroutine. MEDSYSTEM also provides a general purpose
value calculation program (NETDIP) which also condenses the model.
The last approach (%ORE) can be used for coal and industrial minerals.
Handling Pit Slope
Criteria
Pit slope criteria can be input in three ways:

A
B
C
Constant slope throughout the pit

Slopes that vary laterally but not vertically by sector
Slopes that vary both laterally and vertically by sector
The constant slope case is the simplest where the user just enters the slope
angle to use for the entire pit.
For slopes that vary laterally only, the user must specify an azimuth and a
slope for each point where the slope changes. The slope will gradually
increase (or decrease) until it reaches the next point specified. To keep the
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slope constant around most of the pit, allow a narrow range of azimuths in
which the slope can change to the new value. For example, suppose we want
the pit to have a slope of 38 on one side and 43 on the other, like the
figure below:
PIT PLAN VIEW
If we only put the two azimuths in the run file:

2 no. of azimuths
40 160 azimuths
43 38 new slopes at azimuths
then starting at the azimuth of 40, the slope decreases as we move to an
azimuth of 160, where the slope is to be 38. This means that between 40
and 160, the slope will steadily decrease from 43 to 38. As we move
clockwise from the azimuth of 160 to 40, the slope will steadily increase
from 38 to 43.To keep each slope constant in its sector, allow a small
transition zone near 40 azimuth and another near 160 azimuth where the
slope will change. If we allowed a 20 transition zone at each of the points,
these lines would be included in the run file:
4 no. of azimuths
30 50 150 170 azimuths
43 38 38 43 new slopes at azimuths
This way, the pit slope would change from 43 to 38 between the azimuths
of 30 and 50. It would be a constant 38 between the azimuths of 50 and
150 and then increase to 43 in the sector between the azimuths of 150 and
170. Finally, the slope would be a constant 43 between the azimuths of
170 and 30.
For slopes that vary both laterally and vertically it is necessary to define the
lateral sector boundaries and the surfaces (or elevations) defining the vertical
boundaries. This is usually done in a plan view VBM from which the
necessary slope control and slope coding files are generated. This complex
slope option greatly increases the run time of the pit design program.
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Evaluation Procedure
Options
For any of the economic and slope handling options listed above, the
economic pit limits can be determined using either the Floating Cone
technique or the Lerchs-Grossmann technique. Different versions of Pit
Design Program 720 handle the options as follows:
A
B
C
D
Brief description
of the Floating
Cone (FC) method
Program M720V1 - Floating Cone with any of the economic options

and slopes that are either constant or vary laterally only.
Program M720V2 - Floating Cone with any of the economic options
and slopes that vary laterally and vertically
Program M720V3 - Lerchs-Grossmann with any of the economic
options and slopes that are either constant or vary laterally only.
Program M720V4 - Lerchs-Grossmann with any of the economic
options and slopes that vary laterally and vertically.
The concept of the floating cone is to superimpose a frustum of an inverted

cone into the ore body model on an ore block in such a way that all the
blocks that fall within its boundaries can be economically analyzed. If
mining the material inside the cone results in a positive money return, the
ore block at the cone bottom together with all other blocks within the cone
are mined. Otherwise, the blocks are not mined.
By checking one ore block at one time, e.g. one cone at one time, all the
cones with positive money returns are mined. The union of the mined cones
forms the designed pit.
The advantage of the floating cone method is its lack of capabilities
detecting the shared contributions among two or more ore blocks.
Therefore, both over-mining and under-mining situations may occur with the
floating cone method.
Brief description
of the LerchsGrossmann (LG)
method
This method is based on graph theory which deals with a systematic study of
the properties of graphs. The word Graph is a generic name used to
describe a group of points joined either by lines or points. In the LG method,
each block in the 3D model becomes one point. The allowable mining
pattern is represented by arrows. The decision of mining is not made at
the magnitude of one cone rather at the magnitude of one block. Therefore,
even if the economic value of an ore block is exhausted, this block makes its
contribution toward the overall mineable blocks according to the allowable
mining pattern.
By checking one block at a time and keeping track of exactly how much an
ore block can contribute and how much a waste block will cost by its
stripping, the LG algorithm separates the profitable reserves from the nonprofitable materials to the optimum point. The LG method thus solves the
shared contribution problem and completely avoids the possible overmining and undermining problems.
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The advantages of the LG is that the algorithm provides a rigorous true

optimum pit. The shortcoming of the algorithm is its slow computational
speed.
DIPPER Programs
The DIPPER programs within MEDSYSTEM operate on a set of data

extracted from the MEDSYSTEM model ( file 15 ) and the topography
grid ( file 13 ). This data set is composed of an S-file and a B-file. Multiple
DIPPER set are allowed, up to 99. Each DIPPER set is composed of one Bfile and initially one S-file. These files are linked together with the S-file
containing an index to the B-file. A S-file from another DIPPER set can be
used as initial surface if LG method is used. Each DIPPER set can have as
many S-files as required. The normal flow of the DIPPER programs is:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
M717V1 is used to initialize a DIPPER set. The limits and

precision for the information item used by DIPPER ( grade, grams,
value, etc ) must be defined, the B-file name specified, and the
tonnage factors defined.
M718V1 is used to create the B and S-files for a DIPPER set from
the block model and topography grid. The information item is stored
in the block model for each block. The B-file contains the
information item by vertical columns in a continuous list for each
column. All blocks are not necessarily stored, but the list is
continuous from the top ore block in the column to the bottom ore
block in the column. This means that there may be some blocks in
the B-file which are below the minimum specified in the run file if
they are between the top and bottom ore blocks in a column.
M718V2 is used to create a net value DIPPER model from the Block
Model with a user subroutine. This program reads the 3-D Model
file and the 2-D Surface file and condenses them, creating the
DIPPER B-file and S-file. A user supplied subroutine calculates the
block economic values.
NETDIP is a general purpose user subroutine that creates Net Dollar
Dipper sets. Program will calculate a dollar value for each block and
condense value in the B-file. It also condenses an item from file 13
to the S-file.
M720V1 is used to compute pit limits based upon specified
economic assumptions using the floating cone method. M720V2
does the same but allows more complex slopes. M720V3 uses the
Lerchs-Grossmann method. M720V4 use the LG method but allows
complex slopes. M720V1 is the fastest, M720V4 is the slowest.
Each pit designed is stored in a new S-file.
M721V2, M721V3 plot section or plan maps of the pits designed.
The pit limits for each bench can be written out in VBM format to
be stored in the VBM files.
M723V1 computes pit reserves based upon multiple cut-off grades
from the S-files and B-file. Also reserves between any S-files can be
computed.
M728V1 computes block partial for the S-files and can be used for
reserves calculations on the full model (File 15).
M806V1 computes the increments between pits, and a simple top
down schedule by production period.
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10.
Program Limits
M729V1 allows the limiting of pits by other pits, adding pits

together, and loading pits into the topography file.
The Limits for DIPPER are on the size of the model in plan which is limited
by the S-file and the number of blocks stored in the B-file.
The size of the model in plan is NX * NY.
The size of the B-file depends upon the model size, minimum and maximum
values that are allowed to be condensed as well as upon the precision of the
stored values. The B-file will have the largest size if a value is stored for
every block. Storing only blocks above a minimum value will reduce the size
of the B-file.
The current limits for DIPPER are:
Other
Considerations
S-File 600 rows x 600 columns
B-File 5,000,000 words (5,000,000 blocks if 1 block/word,

20,000,000 blocks if 4 blocks/word etc.)
Why optimum?
The term Pit Optimization infers that the resulting design is an OPTIMUM.
A whole block pit design from either LG or FC methods will not match
reality. In fact, even the most detailed pit designs will usually be modified
during operations.
Some of the reasons for this are:
A
The addition of roads. It is impossible to design the road system

without a first pass at the design of the ultimate pit and the pit phase
or pushbacks. The design of the roads must be done separately. The
location of the roads will significantly change the pit slope and
therefore the pit design. The design slopes for the pit optimization
can be modified to reflect the combined slope (including inter-ramp
slopes and roads), but this will still be an approximation.
Pit smoothing to make the design practical. This includes smoothing

of walls and allowances for working room for mining equipment.
Changes in assumptions for pit slopes, road widths and bench

geometry as operating experience is gained.
Changes in economic assumptions and forecasts.
The pits designed by pit optimization methods are theoretical and, as such,
are only a guide for a more detailed design. When using the results of pit
optimization methods, you should keep in mind the reliability of the
assumptions. For example, the LG will give an accurate answer for the
model and assumptions being used, but does not define the precision of the
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design. Is it within 10% or 20% of what will be reality? This will depend
upon the accuracy of our assumptions. For example, what do you think the
price of gold will be in 10 years?
There are generally two objectives for using LG and FC: the first is the
determination of economic pit limits, and the second is to determine the
mining sequence. For feasibility studies it is best to start with simple
assumptions for the pit designs and refine them as the data becomes better.
The schedule, and therefore the sequence of mining, is more important than
the exact location of the final wall since many of the assumptions are not
well defined.
The exact position of the final pit wall is critical for an operating pit when
the location of the final pit wall or the last pushback is being defined and
mining is in progress. In this case, any error will result in lost ore or the
mining of extra waste.
So why do we use the term optimization when referring to these methods,
since we know that they are not optimum? The LG method does achieve the
maximum result based upon the assumptions, and the FC method is actually
an iterative solution which may or may not match the LG.
Cutoff grades
The determination of the economic pit limit is usually based upon designing
the pit with the maximum value. The cutoff grade which results in the
maximum total value is not necessarily the same as the cutoff grade which
will maximize the NPV. The operating cutoff grade which will maximize the
NPV will usually be higher than the breakeven cutoff grade.
The optimum cutoff grade for each period will depend upon not only the
basic pit design assumptions for economics and pit geometry, but also on the
equipment capacities and pit geometry for each period. This information is
usually unknown until we develop a mine plan by period. As with much of
mine planning, this process is circular; the plan is redesigned using
information either developed from or based upon the previous plan.
You should be aware of the concept of the mine and mill cutoff grades as
defined in the M720s programs. Procedure p71990.dat is used to illustrate
this for copper. The mine cutoff grade is the grade sufficient to pay for
mining and processing costs. If the block were exposed, it would be
profitable to mine. The mill cutoff grade is the grade sufficient to pay only
for processing. If the grade of the block is above the mill cutoff, but below
the mine cutoff and the block must be mined to access ore blocks, then it is
less costly to send this block to the mill than to the dump, since some part of
the mining cost will be recovered. While these blocks contribute to
maximizing the profit, milling them probably has a negative effect on the
NPV.
Speeding up then
calculations
The are some specific steps you can use to speed up the pit optimization
programs. The most important step is to set up a plan to design the required
pits. This plan should be based upon the circular process: solve the problem
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using the simplest assumptions and repeat the process using refinements as
more information is gained from each pass. Check the results carefully.
Following this idea, the FC with simple slopes is usually used first. The
slopes are added and then LG pits are designed.
To speed things up:
A
C
D
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Always run a series of pits from the smallest to the largest. For
example if varying the metal price, design a pit using the lowest
price and use that pit to start the next design.
When using complex slopes, the maximum change in IX, IY, IZ
before recalculation of cone template (defined by user) can be used
to reduce the number of times the cone geometry is computed.
For LG pits, run with reblocking first.
When using complex slopes, always try to use a starting pit to
minimize the calculations.
Section 3Training Project
Section 3Training Project / Outlines

For this training project we will:
1. Get familiar with data; view model and surfaces in MineSight ; make
plots; calculate geologic reserves (SECTION 4).
2. Example 1 (detailed):
Floating Cone approach using slopes that vary laterally by sector and with
block profits based on constant costs and EQCU grade. The block profit will
be calculated by the pit design program. We will generate a series of dipper
pit shells by varying the copper price between $0.60/pound and
$0.90/pound in $0.06 increments (SECTION 5).
For this example we will also:
display the pit shells (using plan maps and sections as well as
MINESIGHT).
analyze the pit shells (calculate pit reserves and perform pit economic
analysis).
3. Example 2:
Same as Example 1 but with variable costs by bench (SECTION 6).
4. Example 3:
Use Dollar/block approach (using M612RP and M718V1) and LG
algorithm to produce economic limits for $0.90/pound copper price
(SECTION 7).
5. Example 4:
Same as example 3 but using reblocking (SECTION 8).
6. Example 5:
Dollar/Block with Reblocked LG and Complex Slopes (SECTION 9).
7. Example 6:
Dollar/Block using LG and varying ore processing cost and recovery by
alteration type (SECTION 10).
8. Example 7:
NETDIP application (SECTION 11).
9. Example 8:
Apply mining restrictions. The same set up as in Example 7 will be used
with the addition of some boundary restrictions (SECTION 12).
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Section 3Training Project
Page 32

Summary
A project directory called MSOP has already been created for you. This
project directory contains the following MEDS files associated with
building the block model (not all of the files are needed but this is a typical
MEDSYSTEM file structure when a DIPPER pit analysis begins):
MSOP10.DAT - Project Control File
MSOPHS.DAT - Project History File
MSOP11.DAT - Drillhole Assay File
MSOP12.DAT - Drillhole Collar/Survey File
MSOP09.DAT - Drillhole Composite File
MSOP08.DAT - Drillhole Composite File Sorted by Northing
MSOP13.NEW - 2-D Surface File
MSOP15.NEW - 3-D Block Model File
MSOP25.TOP - Plan View VBM file for topographic data
MSOP25.BEN - Plan View VBM file for geologic data
Deposit and File

Surface
Topography
Overview
MSOP15.NEW
The deposit we will be calculating an optimum pit for is a large

copper/molybdenum deposit. It has been modeled in metric units and
the model covers the following area:
Eastings: 1000E to 4000E
Northings: 4000N to 6500N
Elevations 2000m to 2960m
The block size in the model is 20m by 20m by 15m high. Applying this
block size over the modeled area results in a model with:
125 rows 150 columns 64 levels
This model location/dimension information along with a table associating
the bench toe elevation with its model level Number is summarized in the
project initialization report file.
This information is also available for display by clicking on Utilities $ PCF
Info.
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Information on 15 items is stored for each block in the model. The name and
description of each item are given below:
TOPO - % of the block below the surface
MOIDS - block moly grade by inverse distance weighting (IDW)
MOPLY - block moly grade by assignment from nearest hole
CUIDS - block cu grade by inverse distance weighting
CUPLY - block cu grade by assignment from nearest hole
DIST - Distance to the nearest hole in IDW interpolation
ROCK - rock type code for the block
ALTR - alteration Code for the block
NCOMP - number of composites used in IDW interpolation
SG - specific gravity
ORE - reserve classification code
ZONE - ownership code
VALPT - dollar value per ton
VALBK - dollar value per block
EQCU - equivalent copper grade for the block
Two extra items are also included for use as needed.
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A summary of the minimum and maximum values allowable for each item,
and the precision with wich the values are stored can be also obtained from
Utilities$ PCF Info and after you click on the file MSOP15.NEW.
File MSOP13.NEW
The 2-D surface file has the same northing and easting boundaries as the
model file (MSOP15.NEW) and a grid spacing equal to the plan view
dimension of the blocks (20m by 20m). This surface file has been set up to
store seven different surfaces.
The item label used for each surface is listed below:
TOPOG - initial surface
PIT1 - pit surface number 1
PIT2 - pit surface number 2
EXPZ1 - extra pit surface number 1
EXPZ2 - extra pit surface number 2
ROCK - geologic surface
ALTR - alteration surface
Page 43
PCF INFO can also provide user with information on file 13.
As we start the training project only item TOPOG representing the initial
surface has values entered.
File MSOP25.TOP
The limits of this plan view VBM for topography data are:
Eastings: 0E - 5000E
Northings: 3000N - 8000N
As we start the training project only the initial topography represented by
feature code 901, an alteration surface represented by feature code 902, and
slope sector boundaries represented by feature codes 1,2 and 3 are present
in this file.
Page 44
Familiarization
Exercises
Before designing a final pit and developing a mining plan, it is always a

good idea to first become very familiar with the deposit and the overlying
topography. You should have a general idea about the overall terrain (i.e.,
mountainous, flat, etc.), how close the ore is to surface, where the high grade
is located, how much ore there is, etc. We will do the following exercises to
obtain this knowledge:
Exercise 1: Look at the surface topography
Exercise 2: Look at a set of bench maps and E-W cross sections showing
color coded copper equivalent grade information.
Exercise 3: Calculate geologic reserves and make a histogram of copper
equivalent grades.
Exercise 1 Viewing the

Topography in
MineSight
There are two ways to import into MineSight and display the surface
topography from a VBM file:
1. Make an ASCII file of the feature codes you want to view and import
the ASCII file in MineSight
2. Directly import the VBM file in MineSight
For this exercise we will directly import all the VBM data in MineSight
Step 1
Starting MineSight
To start a project in MineSight , type MS2 in the working directory. Click

OK in the Welcome panel. Answer Yes to the next question (Create new MS
folder?). The MS Project Settings window will come up. Click Initialize
from an existing file. Open File MSOP10.DAT. Click OK.
Step 2
Importing VBM
Click on New Resource Map and make a new folder called topo. Highlight
folder topo, click right and import MEDSYSTEM VBM File. Click Select
PCF and open MSOP10.DAT. Select file MSOP25.TOP and click OK.
Click on All Planes and on feature 901, then click Apply. VBM topo
contours appear in the Viewer. Exit the VBM Import panel. Double click on
folder topo and youll see that a Geometry Object 901 was created as well
as an associated grid which actually defines the planes that the VBM topo
lines are restricted to.
Step 3
Importing Topography from File 13
Highlight folder topo and make a new Model View. Call it topog. Click
Select PCF, open MSOP10.DAT and select MSOP13.NEW. Click OK. The
MS ModelView Editor window will come up. Make sure item topog
appears in the Primary Display Item box as well as in the Surface
Elevation Item under the GSM/Surfaces tab. Click Cutoffs and then
Intervals. Enter a minimum of 0, a maximum of 3000 and an increment of
3000. Select all the cutoffs and click Properties. Click Set Color by Range.
Click OK and OK again. A solid surface will appear on the screen. Close the
Cutoff Face window as well as the MS ModelView Editor.
Page 45
To aid in orienting yourself with the Viewer, go to File$Project

Settings$Properties and click Show Boundary box. Click
Properties$Labels and add the Easting, Northing and Elevation labels.
Adjust the size of the labels if needed.
Page 46
Exercise 2
Visualizing the
Model Data
Step 1
Models can be directly attached to MineSight. We are going to make

horizontal and sectional views of equivalent copper.
Attaching Model File
Highlight New Resource File and make a new folder. Name the folder
model. Highlight folder model and make a new model view. Name the view
eqcu. Select and open PCF file MSOP10.DAT and then select and open file
MSOP15.NEW. Pick item eqcu as a Primary Display Item. Click on
Cutoffs and use a min of 0, max of 1.8 with an increment of .2 to color the
different grades (select all cutoffs and adjust properties).
Step 2
Stepping through the Model
In the MS ModelView Editor, go to the Range tab and click Immediate

View Refresh. Use the arrows to the right of the level slide bar to step
through the model bench by bench.
You can limit the view by adjusting the row and column slide bars. View
rows 35 through 85 and columns 57 to 116.
Step 3
Viewing style
The viewing style can be either Surface/Slab (default; actual block values
on a surface type view), Contours or Smooth Contours, Filled Polygons or
3-D Blocks. You can change the block size (percent) using the Options tab.
This option can make it easier to differentiate the blocks.
If you want to only view blocks above a certain cutoff you can change the
color of the blocks that are below cutoff to the same color as the background
(black in our case). Click on the Cutoffs button next to the Primary display
item. Select the <0 and 0 cutoffs. Click Properties$Surfaces. Click Show
Faces and select black. You may have to turn the Lighting off in the Viewer
Properties window for a better effect.
Page 47
You can query any block in the Viewer by clicking on the ? box and clicking
on a block. An extra panel will appear with information on the block that
was queried.
Page 48
Step 5
Creating other Views
To make a E-W sectional view Open the MS ModelView Editor, then

Range. Show benches 20 through 54. Reduce the Northing to show only row
62. This will give an east-west section at Northing 5220. Step through
different sections. N-S sections may be created in a similar manner.
Page 49
From the MEDSManager menu select:

Group = STATISTICS
Operations = Calculations
Procedure = Statistics (Model) - p60801.dat
Exercise 3
Calculate
Geologic
Reserves
Panels
Page 410
Page 411
The results show a total copper mineralization resource of 1832880 Ktonnes

@ .305%Cu and .034%MoS2. More reports (edited) and histograms follow.
More than one run of procedure must be performed in order to get
histograms for all desired items.
# intervals = 20
MIN value = 0.0100
increment = 0.2000
BASE value = 0.0000
# grades = 3
grade labels: EQCU CUIDS MOIDS
Base assay is EQCU
Weighting ITEM TOPO 0.0100
Levels requested: 1 - 64
MIN. data VALUE = 0.0100
MAX. data VALUE = 4.8600
Std. deviation = 0.6370
Page 412
MINESIGHT OPEN PIT DEMONSTRATION PROJECT

** EQCU STATISTICS FROM 3-D MODEL FILE MSOP15.NEW **
Statistical Analysis of MODEL grades based on EQCU
EQCU
WEIGHT
MEAN
CUTOFF
ABOVE CUTOFF
0.000 1832880.4
100.0000 0.5789
1832880.4
100.0000 0.3051
1832880.4
100.0000 0.0342
S.T.D.
0.6370
0.3252
0.0406
EQCU
CUIDS
MOIDS
0.200
1029260.1
1029260.1
1029260.1
56.1553
56.1553
56.1553
0.9621
0.5066
0.0569
0.6203
0.3079
0.0416
EQCU
CUIDS
MOIDS
0.400
826204.4
826204.4
826204.4
45.0768
45.0768
45.0768
1.1289
0.5918
0.0671
0.5807
0.2842
0.0402
EQCU
CUIDS
MOIDS
0.600
665874.0
665874.0
665874.0
36.3294
36.3294
36.3294
1.2818
0.6663
0.0769
0.5452
0.2655
0.0387
EQCU
CUIDS
MOIDS
0.800
527743.7
527743.7
527743.7
28.7931
28.7931
28.7931
1.4369
0.7415
0.0869
0.5080
0.2441
0.0371
EQCU
CUIDS
MOIDS
1.000 430934.8
430934.8
430934.8
23.5113
23.5113
23.5113
1.5588
0.7973
0.0952
0.4841
0.2329
0.0360
EQCU
CUIDS
MOIDS
1.200 332287.4
332287.4
332287.4
18.1292
18.1292
18.1292
1.6975
0.8634
0.1043
0.4678
0.2161
0.0355
EQCU
CUIDS
MOIDS
1.400
228793.6
228793.6
228793.6
12.4827
12.4827
12.4827
1.8812
0.9357
0.1182
0.4562
0.2192
0.0340
EQCU
CUIDS
MOIDS
1.600
161326.4
161326.4
161326.4
8.8018
8.8018
8.8018
2.0443
1.0032
0.1301
0.4512
0.2244
0.0334
EQCU
CUIDS
MOIDS
1.800
104490.5
104490.5
104490.5
5.7009
5.7009
5.7009
2.2384
1.0896
0.1436
0.4535
0.2296
0.0338
EQCU
CUIDS
MOIDS
2.000
63862.7
63862.7
63862.7
3.4843
3.4843
3.4843
2.4642
1.1881
0.1595
0.4507
0.2391
0.0339
EQCU
CUIDS
MOIDS
Page 413
Page 414
2.200
40874.9
40874.9
40874.9
2.2301
2.2301
2.2301
2.6757
1.2857
0.1738
0.4373
0.2391
0.0337
EQCU
CUIDS
MOIDS
2.400
27167.9
27167.9
27167.9
1.4823
1.4823
1.4823
2.8715
1.3726
0.1874
0.4144
0.2420
0.0328
EQCU
CUIDS
MOIDS
2.600
18841.1
18841.1
18841.1
1.0279
1.0279
1.0279
3.0395
1.4478
0.1990
0.3926
0.2452
0.0320
EQCU
CUIDS
MOIDS
2.800
12377.3
12377.3
12377.3
0.6753
0.6753
0.6753
3.2230
1.5351
0.2110
0.3671
0.2491
0.0319
EQCU
CUIDS
MOIDS
3.000
7987.1
7987.1
7987.1
0.4358
0.4358
0.4358
3.4035
1.6273
0.2220
0.3394
0.2455
0.0320
EQCU
CUIDS
MOIDS
3.200
5338.9
5338.9
5338.9
0.2913
0.2913
0.2913
3.5604
1.7110
0.2312
0.3104
0.2349
0.0327
EQCU
CUIDS
MOIDS
3.400
3394.9
3394.9
3394.9
0.1852
0.1852
0.1852
3.7170
1.7859
0.2414
0.2870
0.2252
0.0330
EQCU
CUIDS
MOIDS
3.600
1936.9
1936.9
1936.9
0.1057
0.1057
0.1057
3.8949
1.8477
0.2559
0.2607
0.2407
0.0327
EQCU
CUIDS
MOIDS
3.800
1004.4
1004.4
1004.4
0.0548
0.0548
0.0548
4.0923
1.9465
0.2682
0.2184
0.2334
0.0334
EQCU
CUIDS
MOIDS
Distribution of EQCU by BENCH

BENCH
NUMBER
MEAN
STD.DEV.
2660.00
16681.626
0.1464
0.1687
2645.00
33034.393
0.2525
0.2697
2630.00
49843.189
0.3286
0.4146
2615.00
58090.123
0.3687
0.4805
2600.00
61030.586
0.4018
0.5526
2585.00
62726.402
0.4222
0.5629
2570.00
61300.802
0.4517
0.5675
2555.00
61219.802
0.4823
0.5905
2540.00
57963.601
0.5201
0.6267
2525.00
57785.401
0.5473
0.6388
2510.00
57753.001
0.5676
0.6564
2495.00
57477.601
0.5923
0.6705
2480.00
53314.201
0.6348
0.6810
2465.00
53881.201
0.6507
0.6909
2450.00
53784.001
0.6676
0.7255
2435.00
53784.001
0.6413
0.7271
2420.00
53832.601
0.6458
0.7403
2405.00
53751.601
0.6661
0.7884
2390.00
53589.601
0.7084
0.8039
2375.00
53605.801
0.7182
0.8048
2360.00
52342.201
0.7199
0.7819
2345.00
43205.401
0.8359
0.7643
2330.00
43075.801
0.8228
0.7137
2315.00
43108.201
0.7883
0.6602
2300.00
39187.801
0.8181
0.6275
2285.00
29224.801
1.0414
0.5863
2270.00
28220.401
1.1000
0.6484
2255.00
29095.201
1.0804
0.6942
2240.00
28917.001
1.1078
0.7428
2225.00
27361.801
1.0024
0.7313
2210.00
23959.801
0.7070
0.5007
2195.00
21416.401
0.5984
0.3924
2180.00
25839.001
0.4203
0.3391
2165.00
26519.401
0.3576
0.3084
2150.00
32319.001
0.3335
0.2646
2135.00
36968.401
0.3431
0.2265
2120.00
36968.401
0.3458
0.2245
2105.00
36871.201
0.3266
0.2096
2090.00
36855.001
0.2728
0.1768
2075.00
34425.001
0.2956
0.1351
2060.00
34376.401
0.3059
0.1844
2045.00
34311.601
0.4312
0.3269
2030.00
15924.600
0.4846
0.4662
2015.00
7938.000
1.2700
0.0000
Page 415
Distribution of CUIDS by BENCH

BENCH
NUMBER
MEAN
STD.DEV.
2660.00
16681.626
0.0663
0.0777
2645.00
33034.393
0.1022
0.1089
2630.00
49843.189
0.1428
0.1843
2615.00
58090.123
0.1777
0.2351
2600.00
61030.586
0.2047
0.2858
2585.00
62726.402
0.2159
0.2889
2570.00
61300.802
0.2339
0.2867
2555.00
61219.802
0.2532
0.3024
2540.00
57963.601
0.2783
0.3231
2525.00
57785.401
0.2882
0.3247
2510.00
57753.001
0.2994
0.3317
2495.00
57477.601
0.3161
0.3454
2480.00
53314.201
0.3358
0.3500
2465.00
53881.201
0.3408
0.3512
2450.00
53784.001
0.3490
0.3661
2435.00
53784.001
0.3438
0.3637
2420.00
53832.601
0.3489
0.3719
2405.00
53751.601
0.3677
0.3937
2390.00
53589.601
0.3844
0.4090
2375.00
53605.801
0.3873
0.4121
2360.00
52342.201
0.3896
0.3991
2345.00
43205.401
0.4617
0.3917
2330.00
43075.801
0.4573
0.3680
2315.00
43108.201
0.4310
0.3346
2300.00
39187.801
0.4397
0.3163
2285.00
29224.801
0.5510
0.2852
2270.00
28220.401
0.5660
0.3122
2255.00
29095.201
0.5440
0.3193
2240.00
28917.001
0.5295
0.3282
2225.00
27361.801
0.4893
0.3304
2210.00
23959.801
0.3558
0.2309
2195.00
21416.401
0.3156
0.2087
2180.00
25839.001
0.2333
0.1914
2165.00
26519.401
0.2024
0.1650
2150.00
32319.001
0.1972
0.1492
2135.00
36968.401
0.1883
0.1116
2120.00
36968.401
0.1833
0.1160
2105.00
36871.201
0.1772
0.1133
2090.00
36855.001
0.1530
0.1085
2075.00
34425.001
0.1487
0.0935
2060.00
34376.401
0.1386
0.1058
2045.00
34311.601
0.1840
0.1845
2030.00
15924.600
0.3250
0.3060
2015.00
7938.000
0.8700
0.0000
Page 416
Distribution of MOIDS by BENCH

BENCH
NUMBER
MEAN
STD.DEV.
2660.00
16681.626
0.0100
0.0135
2645.00
33034.393
0.0188
0.0221
2630.00
49843.189
0.0232
0.0308
2615.00
58090.123
0.0239
0.0320
2600.00
61030.586
0.0246
0.0348
2585.00
62726.402
0.0258
0.0356
2570.00
61300.802
0.0272
0.0360
2555.00
61219.802
0.0286
0.0369
2540.00
57963.601
0.0302
0.0388
2525.00
57785.401
0.0324
0.0403
2510.00
57753.001
0.0335
0.0416
2495.00
57477.601
0.0345
0.0417
2480.00
53314.201
0.0374
0.0425
2465.00
53881.201
0.0387
0.0435
2450.00
53784.001
0.0398
0.0460
2435.00
53784.001
0.0372
0.0464
2420.00
53832.601
0.0371
0.0470
2405.00
53751.601
0.0373
0.0502
2390.00
53589.601
0.0405
0.0504
2375.00
53605.801
0.0414
0.0502
2360.00
52342.201
0.0413
0.0489
2345.00
43205.401
0.0468
0.0477
2330.00
43075.801
0.0457
0.0442
2315.00
43108.201
0.0447
0.0416
2300.00
39187.801
0.0473
0.0398
2285.00
29224.801
0.0613
0.0387
2270.00
28220.401
0.0668
0.0433
2255.00
29095.201
0.0671
0.0482
2240.00
28917.001
0.0723
0.0526
2225.00
27361.801
0.0641
0.0512
2210.00
23959.801
0.0439
0.0339
2195.00
21416.401
0.0353
0.0236
2180.00
25839.001
0.0234
0.0195
2165.00
26519.401
0.0194
0.0186
2150.00
32319.001
0.0170
0.0149
2135.00
36968.401
0.0194
0.0161
2120.00
36968.401
0.0203
0.0159
2105.00
36871.201
0.0187
0.0145
2090.00
36855.001
0.0150
0.0094
2075.00
34425.001
0.0184
0.0132
2060.00
34376.401
0.0209
0.0204
2045.00
34311.601
0.0309
0.0361
2030.00
15924.600
0.0200
0.0200
2015.00
7938.000
0.0500
0.0000
Page 417
Eqcu Histogram
Cuids Histogram
Page 418
Moids Histogram
Exercise 4 Edit
model data
After studying the results from the above exercises you should have a good
understanding of the deposits size, grade distribution, spatial orientation,
etc. Another MEDS program that is useful for getting familiar with the
model and its contents is M602FS, the model editor program. This program
displays the values stored in the model on a user-specified bench and a userspecified row. It can be accessed from the MEDSManager menu by
selecting
Group = 3-D DEPOSIT MODELING
Operation = Edit
Procedure = Edit Model Data P60201.dat
Try this program by asking for a display of the model items TOPO, MOIDS,
CUIDS, ROCK, ALTR, and EQCU along row 70 on bench 10, 25, and 55.
Page 419
Page 420

Floating Cone
Step 1
Initialize B-file and S-file (M717V1)

Group = DIPPER MINE PLANS
Operations = Initialize
Procedure desc. = Initialize Dipper Files - P71702.dat
Panels (that need to be filled in):
Page 51
Step 2
Condense items
Condense model item EQCU and File 13 item TOPOG and load them
into B-file and S-file respectively (M718V1). Any block with an EQCU
grade greater than .01 and with a reserve classification code (item
ORE) of 1 (proven ore) or 2 (probable ore) will be flagged as ore in the
B-file for pit design purposes. This prevents cones from being generated
from blocks where we have low confidence in the grade assigned (i.e.,
blocks where ORE = 3 for Possible Ore).
From MEDSManager menu select:
Operations = Convert
Procedure desc. = Condense Model - p71890.dat
Panels:
Page 52
Output (partial):
* MICRO SYMBOL MAP
OF DIPPER SURFACE MSOPDP.P00 *
TOPO Surface Matrix MSOPDP.P00

000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000111111111111111111111
000000000111111111122222222223333333333444444444455555555556666666666777777777788888888889999999999000000000011111111112
123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
125*99999998888877766666666777888888888888999A999999998888888888877777777888999999BDDDDDDEEEEFGGHIIJJJJKKKKKKKKKKKKKKJJIIIII
124*9999998888777776666666778888888788888999AAA9999998888888888887776667778899999ACDDDDDDDEEFGHHIIIJJJJKKKKKKKKKKKKKKJJIIIIH
123*A99999888887777666666677888888777778899AAAAA99988888888888887776666677889999ABCCDDDDDDEEFGHHIIIJJJJKKKKKKKKKKKKKKJJIIIHG
122*A99999888887777666666677888887666777899AAAAA99888888888888877766666667788999ABBCCDDDDDDEFGHHIIIJJJJKKKKKKKKKKKKKKJJIIHHG
121*AA99998888877777666666777888876566678899AAAAA9887777888888877666666666788999AABCCDDDDDDEFGHHIIIJJJJKKKKKKKKKKKKKKJJJIIHH
120*AAA9999888887776666666777888876556667899AAAAA9887777778888777666666666788899AABBCDDDDDDEFGHHIIIJJJJKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKJJIIHH
119*BAAA999988887776666666777888876655667889AAAAA9887666777788776666666667788899AABBCDDDDDDEFGGHIIIJJJJJKKKKKKKKKKKKKKJJJIIH
118*BAAA999988887776666666777888876655567899ABBBA9877656667777766665666667788999AABBCDDDDDDDEFGHIIIJJJJJKKKKKKKKKKKKKKJJJIII
117*BBAAA99998887776666666777888877655567899ABBBA987655556677776655566667788899AABBCCDDDDDDDEFGHIIIJJJJJKKKKKKKKKKKKKKJJJJII
116*BBBAAA9998887776666666777888877665667899ABBBAA88765455667666555556678888999ABBCCDDDDDDDDEFGHIIIIJJJJJKKKKKKKKKKKKKKJJJII
115*BBBBAAA99988877666666677888888776667789AABBBA988765555666665444566788999999ABCCDDDDDDDDDEFGHHIIJJJJJKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKJJJJI
114*BBBBBAAA9998877666666677888888877777889ABBBBA9877655556666544445677899A999ABCCDDDDDDDDDDEFGHHIIJJJJJKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKJJJI
113*BBBBBBAAA99887766666667788888888888899AABBBBB987666555666554445567889AAAA9ABCDDEEEEDDDDDDFGHHIIJJJJJKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKJJJI
112*BBBBBBBAAA998877666666778889999999999AABBCCBBA98766655565544445667899ABBAAABBCDEEEEEDDDDDEGHHIIJJJJJKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKJJJI
111*BBBBBBBBAAA9887776666677888999AAAAAAABBCCCCBBA9887766555554445667789AABBBAABBCDEFFFEDDDDDEGHHIIJJJJJKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKJJJJI
110*BBBBBBBBBAAA98887766667788899AAAABBBBBCCCCCBAA9987776555544456678889ABBCBBBBCDDEFFFFEDDDDEFHHIIIJJJJKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKJJJJI
109*BBBBBBBBBBBA99888777777788899AAABBBBCCCCCCCBA9988777665554445677899AABCCBBBBCCDEFGGFFEDDDEFHHIIIJJJJKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKJJJJI
108*AABBBBBBBBBBA99888777777888899AABBCCCCCDCCCBA998777666555445567889AABCCCCBBBBCDEEFGGFFEDDEFGHHIIIJJJKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKJJJJI
107*AAABBBBBBBBBBAA998887777888899AAABCCCDDDDCCBAA9887665555444556789AABCCDDCBBBBCCDEFFGGGFEEEEFGHHIIJJJKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKJJII
106*AAAABBBBBBBBBBBA998888888888999AAABCCDDDDCCBAA9887655444444456789ABBCDDDDCBBBBCDDEFGGHGFEEEEFGHIIIJJKKKKKKKKKKLLLKKKJIII
105*AAAAABBBBBBBBBBBAA9988888888999AAABBCCDDDDCBAA9887654444444456789ABCCDEEDCCBBBBCDEEFGHHGGFEEFGHHIIJJKKKLKKKKKLLLLKKJJIII
104*AAAAAABBBBBBBBBBBAA99888999999AAAAABCCDDDDCBAA9877654333333455679ABCDEEEEDCBBBBBDDEFGHIHGGEEFFGHIIJJKLLLLLKKKKLLLKKJJIII
103*AAAAAAABBBBBBBBBBBAA9989999999AAAAABCCDDDDCBBA9876554333333445679ABCDEEEEDCCBBBCDEFFGHIIHGGFFGHIIJJJKKLLLLKKKLLLLKKJJIII
102*AAAAAAAABBBBBBBBBBBA99899AAAAABBBBBCCDDEEDCCBA8765554333334455679ABCDEFFEDDDCCCCDEFGHIIIIHHGGHHIJJJJJKLLLLKKKLLLLLKKJIII
101*AAAAAAAAABBBBBBBBBBA98779AABBBBCCCCCDDEEEDDCBA9876655443334556778ABCDEFFEDDDDDDDEFGHHIIIIIIHHHIJJJJJJKLLLLLKKLLMLLLKKJII
100*AAAAAAAAAABBBBBBBBBBA9669ABBBCCCCDDDDEEEEDDCBBA987766554334567788ABCEFFFFEEEFEEEFFGHIIJJJIIIHIIJKKJJJKLLLLLLLLMMMLLLLKJJ
99*AAAAAAAAAAAABBBBBBBBA9658ABBCCCCDDDDEEEEEDDDCBBA98877655434567889ABCEFGGFFEFFFFFGGGHIJJJJJJJIIJJKKKJJKLLLLMLLLMMMMMMLLKK
98*BAAAAAAAAAAAABBBBBBBBA858ABBCCCCDDEEEEEEEDDDCCBBA9887665444567899ABCDFGGGGFFGGGGHHHHIJJJJJKJIIJKKLLKKKKLMMMMMMMMMMMMMLLK
97*BAAAAAAAAAAAABBBBBBBBBA779BBCCCCDDEEEEEEEEDDDCBBA998765444457899AABCDFGHHHGGGHGHHIHHIJKJJJKJJJJKLLLLKKKLLMMMMMMMMMMMMMML
96*BBAAAAAAAAAAAABBBBBBBBA989ABCDDDDDEEEEEEEEDDDCCBA98766544456789AABBCDEFGHHHHHHHHIIIIIJKKKKKKJJKKLLLLLLLLLMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
95*BBBAAAAAAAAAAAABBBBCCCBAAAABCDDDDEEEEEEEEEDDDCCBA98755544456789ABBCCDEFGHIIHIIIIIJIIIJKKKKKKKKKLLLLLLLLLMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
94*ABBAAAAAAA9AAAAABBBCCCCBBABBCDDEEEEEEEEEEEDDDCCBA98755555556789ABCCDDEFGHIIIIIIIJJJJJJKKKKKKKKLLLLMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMN
93*AABBAAAA9999AAAAABBBCCCCBBBCCDEEEEEEEEEEEEEDDCCBA9876555666789AABCDDDEFGHIIJIJJJJKKJJKKKKKKLLLLLLLMMMMMMMMLMMMMMMMMMMNNN
92*9ABBAAA9998999AAAABBBCCCCCCDDDEEEEEEEEEEEEEDDDCBA9887655677799ABCDDEEEFGHIIJJJJJJKKKKKKKKKLLLLLLMMMMMMMMMLLLMMMMMMMMMNNN
91*9AABBAA9988899999AABBCCCCDDDEEEEEEEEFFFFEEEEDDCBBA99866678889ABCCDEEEFFGHHIJJJJJJKKKKKKLLLLLLLLMMMMMMMMMMLLLLMMMMMMMNNNN
90*99ABBAA98888888999AABBCCCDDDEEEEEEEEFFFFFEEEDDCCBAA9876788999ABCDEFFFFGHHHIIJJKKKKKKKLLLLLLLLLMMMMMMMMMMMLLLLMMMMMMMNNNN
89*899ABAA988888788899AABBBCCDDDDEDEEEEFFFFFEEEDDCCBBA9987889AAABCCDEFFFGHHIIIJJJKKKKKKLLLLLLLLLLMMMMMMMMMMMMLLLMMMMMMMNNNN
88*789ABBA9888877778899AABBBCCDDDDDDEEEFFFFFFEEEDDCCBBA99899AABBBCDEEFFGGHIIIJJJJKKKKKKLLLLLLLLLMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMNNNNNNNN
87*789ABBA988777666778899AAABCCCCCCDEEEFFFFFFFEEEDDCCBA999AAABBBBCDEFFGGHHIJJJJJJKKKKKLLLLLLLLLLMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMNNNNNNNNN
86*7789ABAA9876655566788999AABBCCCCDDEEFFFFFFFFEEDDCCBAAAAABBCCBBCDEFGGHHIIJJJJKKKKKKLLLLLLLLLMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMNMNNNNNNNNNNNN
85*7789ABAA98765555556778999ABBBBBCDDEEEFFFFFFFEEDDCCBAAABBCCCCCBCDEFGHHHIIJJJKKKKKKKLLLLLLLLLMMMMMMMMMMMMMNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN
84*7789ABBA987655555556678899AAAABBCDDDEEFFFFFFEEDDCCBAAABCCDDDCCCDEFGHHIIIJJKKKKKKKKLLLLLLLLMMMMMMMMMMMMMNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN
83*77789ABA9876555555666678999AAAABCCDDDEEFFFFFEEDDCCBAAABCDDEEDCCDEFGHHIIIJJJKKKKKKLLLLLLLLLMMMMMMMMMMMMMNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN
82*77789ABA9986555556667778999AAAAABCCDDEEFFFFFEEEDCCBAAABCDEEEEDDEFFGHIIIJJJJKKKKKKLLLLLLLLLLLMMMMMMMMMMMNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN
81*77778ABAA986554456677889AAAABBAAABCCDEEFFFFFFEEDCCBBBBCCDEEFEEEEFGHHIIIJJJKKKKKKKKLLLLLLLLLLLLMMMMMMMMNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNOO
80*677789BBA987655445678899ABBBBBBAAABCDEEFFGGGFFEDDCBBBCDDDEFFFFEFGGHIIIJJJJKKKKKKKKLLLLLLLLLLLLMMMMMMMNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNOOO
79*677779ABA98765544567889AABCCCCBBBBCCDDEFFGGGFFEEDCCCCDDEEEFGGFFGGHHIIJJJJJKKKKKKKKKKKKLLLLLLLMMMMMMMMNNNNNNNNNNNNNOOOOOO
78*667778ABA98766544567789AABCCDDCCCCCCDDEFFGGGGFFEDDCCDDEEFFFGGGGGHIIIJJJJJJJKKKKKKKKKKKKLLLLLMMMMMMMMMMNNNNNNNNNNNOOOOOOO
77*6667789BA98876555567789AABCDDDDDCDDDDEEFFGGGGFFEDDDCDEEFFFGGHGGHIIIJJJJJJJJKKKKKKKKKKLLLLLMMMMMMMMMMMMNNNNNNNNNNOOOOOOOO
76*6667779ABA98766555567899ABCCDEEDDDDDDEFFGGGGGFFEDDDDDEFFGGGHHHHHIIJJJJJJJJJKKKKKKKKKLLLLLMMMMMMMMMMMMMMNNNNNNNNOOOOOOOOO
75*6666778ABA98876665567889ABCCDEEEEEEEDEFFGGGGGFEEDDDDDEFGGGHHHHHIIJJJJJJJJJKKKKKKKKKLLLLMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMNNNNNNNOOOOOOOOOO
74*66667789BAA9877766666789ABBCDEEEEEEEEEFGGGGGGFEEDDDEEEFGGHHHIHHIIJJJJJJJJKKKKKKKKKLLLLLMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMNNNNNNOOOOOOOOOOO
73*66667789BBAA9887766667789ABCDDEEFFEEEFFGGGGGGFFEEEEEFFGGHHHIIIIIJJJJJJJJJJJKKKKKKLLLLLLMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMNNNNNOOOOOOOOOOP
72*66667779ABAAA998876677789ABBCDEFFFFFFFFGGGGGGGGFEEEFFGHHHHIIIIIIIJJJJJJJJJJKKKKKKLLLLLLMMMMMMMMMMLLMMMMMNNNNNOOOOOOOOOOO
71*66666779ABBAAA998877788899ABCDEFFFFFFGGGGGGHHHGFFFFFGGHIIIIIIIIIIJJJJJJJJKKKKKKKLLLLLLLMMMMMMMMLLLLMMMMMNNNNNNOOOOOOOOOO
70*66666778ABBBAAA99888888999ABCDEFFFFFFGGGGGHHHHGFFFGGHHIIIIIIIIIIIJJJJJJJJKKKKKKLLLLLLLLLLLLMMMLLLLLMMMMMNNNNNNOOOOOOOOOO
69*666667789AABBAAA99999999AABBCDEFFGFFGGGHHHHHHHGGFFGHHIIIIIIIJJJJJJJJJJJJJKKKKKKLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLMMMMMNNNNNOOOOOOOOOO
68*5666677899ABBBAAAAAAA999ABCCCDEFGGGFGGHHHHHHHHGGFGGHIIIJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJKKKKKKKLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLMMMMNNNNNNOOOOOOOOO
67*5566677889ABBBBBBBBBAAAABBCDDEFGGGGGGGHHHHHHHHGGGGHHIIJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJKKKKKKKLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLKKKLMMMNNNNNNNOOOOOOOO
66*5566677889ABBCCBCCBBBBBBCCDEEEFGGGGGGGHHHIHHHGGGGHHIIJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJKKKKKKKLLLLLLLLLLLMLMMMMMMLKKKLLMMNNNNNNNNOOOOOOO
65*55666777899ABCCCCCCCCCCCDDDEFFGGGGGGGGGHHIIHHGGGGHHIIJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJKKKKKKLLLLLLLLLLMMMMMMMMMMLLKLLMMMNNNNNNNNNOOOOOO
64*55566777889AABBCCCCCDDDDDEEFFFGGGHHGGGGHHIIIHGGGGHHIJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJKKKKKKKLLLLLLLLLMMMMMMMMMMMMMLLMMMMNNNNNNNNNNOOOOO
63*455666778899ABBBCCCDDDDDEEEFFFGGGHHHGGGHHIIHHGGGGHHIJJJJJJJJKKKKKKJJJKKKKKKKLLLLLLLLLMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMNNNNNNNNNNNOOOO
62*455666778899AAABCCCDDDDDEEEEEFFGGHHHHHGHIIIHHGGGGHIIJJJJJJKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKLLLLLLLLLMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN
61*445566778899AAAABCCCDDDDDDDDEEEFGGHHHHHHIIIHHGGGHHIIJJJJJKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKLLLLLLLLLMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMNNNNNNNNNNNNNN
60*445566778899AA9AABCCCCCCCDDDDDDEFGHHHHHIIIIIHGGHHIIJJJJJJJKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKLLLLLLLLLMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMNNNNNNNNNNNNN
59*4455667788999999AABBCCBBCCCCCCDDEFHHIIIIIIIIIHHHIIIJJJJJJJKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKLLLLLLLLLLMMMMMMMMMMMMMLLLLMMMMMNNNNNNNNNNNNN
58*44456677889998889ABBBBBBBBBBBBCDEFGHIIIIIIIIIHHIIIJJJJJJJJKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKLLLLLLLLLLMMMMMMMMMMMMMLLLLMMMMMNNNNNNNNNNNNN
57*444556778899877889ABBBAAABBAABCDEFGGHIIIIIIIIIIIJJJJJJJJJJKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKLLLLLLLLLLMMMMMMMMMMMMMLLLLMMMMMNNNNNNNNNNNNN
56*4444566778888777899AAAA9AAAAAABDEEFGHHHIIIIIIIIJJJJJJJJJJJKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKLLLLLLLLLLMMMMMMMMMMMMMLLLLMMMMMNNNNNNNNNNNNN
55*4444566778888766789AAA9999999ABCDEFFGGHHIIIIIIIJJJJJJJJJJJKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKLLLLLLLLLLLMMMMMMMMMMMMLLLMMMMMMMNNNNNNNNNNNN
54*44445567788887667889A99899999ABCDDEFFGGHHIIIIIJJJJJJJJJJJKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKLLLLLLLLLLLLLMMMMMMMLLLLLLMMMMMMMMNNNNNNNNNNNN
53*44444567788887666788998888999AABCDDEFGGHHIIIIIJJJJJJJJJJJKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLMMMMLLLLLLMMMMMMMMNNNNNNNNNNNM
52*44444566778887666778888888999ABCDDDEFGHHIIIIIIJJJJJJJJJJJKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLMMMMMMMMMMMNNNNNNMMM
51*4444445677887766667788888899AABCDEEFGGHHHIIIIIIJJJIIJJJJKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
50*4444445667777765566777778899ABBCDDEFGGGHHHHIIIIIIIIIIJJJJKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
49*44444455677776655556677788899ABCCDEFFFGGGGHHIIIIIIIIJJJJJJKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
48*44444445677776554455666778889ABBCDDEEFFFFGGHHIIIIIIIIJJJJJJKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
47*444444456667665444455667788899ABCCDDEEEEEFGGHHIIHHIIIIJJJJJJJKKKKKKKKKKKKKLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMLMMMMM
46*334444446666665544445567788899ABBBCCDCDDEFFGHHHHHHHIIIIJJJJJJJKKKKKKKKKKKKLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMLLLMMML
45*333444445666555444445567889999AABBBCCCCDEEFFGGGHHHIIIIIJJJJJJJKKKKKKKKKKKKLLLLLLKKKKKKLLLLLLLLMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMLLLLLLL
44*3334444466655444444456678999AAAABBBBCCCDDEFFFGGGHIIIIIIJJJJJJJKKKKKKKKKKKKKLLKKKKKKKKKKLLLLLLMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMLLLLLLL
43*23334445665544444445567889AAAABBBBCCCCCDEEFFFGGHHIIIIIIIJJJJJJKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKLLLLLMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMLLMMMLLLLLLL
Page 53
* MICRO SYMBOL MAP

SYMBOL
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
LEVEL
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
OF DIPPER SURFACE MSOPDP.P00 *
CREST
2960.0
2945.0
2930.0
2915.0
2900.0
2885.0
2870.0
2855.0
2840.0
2825.0
2810.0
2795.0
2780.0
2765.0
2750.0
2735.0
2720.0
2705.0
2690.0
2675.0
2660.0
2645.0
2630.0
2615.0
2600.0
Symbol for RESTRICTED surface is Symbol for MISSING

surface is ?
Page 54

Step 3
Checking B-file
Generate printer symbol maps of EQCU grades on selected benches.

program M722V1.
Use

Operations = Plot
Procedure Desc. = B-File Symbol Maps - p72290.dat
Panels:
Page 55
Output (benches 21 and 24):

Symbol
Legend
Interval
##
Minimum
Maximum
Symbol
1
0.000+
0.200
0
2
0.200+
0.400
1
3
0.400+
0.600
2
4
0.600+
0.800
3
5
0.800+
1.000
4
6
1.000+
1.200
5
7
1.200+
1.400
6
8
1.400+
1.600
7
9
1.600+
1.800
8
10
1.800+
2.000
9
11
2.000+
2.200
A
12
2.200+
2.400
B
13
2.400+
2.600
C
14
2.600+
2.800
D
15
2.800+
3.000
E
16
3.000+
3.200
F
17
3.200+
3.400
G
18
3.400+
3.600
H
19
3.600+
3.800
I
20
3.800+
4.000
J
21
4.000+
4.200
K
22
4.200+
4.400
L
23
4.400+
4.600
M
24
4.600+
4.800
N
25
4.800+
5.000
O
26
5.000+
5.200
P
27
5.200+
5.400
Q
28
5.400+
5.600
R
29
5.600+
5.800
S
30
5.800+
6.000
T
31
6.000+
6.200
U
32
6.200+
6.400
V
33
6.400+
6.600
W
34
6.600+
6.800
X
35
6.800+
7.000
Y
36
7.000+
7.200
Z
37
7.200+
ABOVE
$
"." = Below Surface
"BLANK" = Above Surface
Page 56

MINESIGHT OPEN PIT DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
**
Bench
DIPPER SYMBOL MAPS FOR BENCHES

21
from MSOPDP.BLK
**
Under surface MSOPDP.P00
000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000111111111111111111111
444444444455555555556666666666777777777788888888889999999999000000000011111111112
012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
100*.......................................................................
.......
99*................................................................... ...
....
98*.................................................................
...
97*..................................................................
.
96*..................................................................
95*.................................................................
94*...........................................................
93*...........................................................
.
92*.........................................................
...
91*........................................................
....
90*.......................................................
....
89*.......................................................
...
88*......................................................
87*......................................................
86*....................................................
85*....................................................
84*...................................................
83*...................................................
82*.....................................................
81*.......................................................
80*.......................................................
79*......................................................
78*.....................................................
77*...................................................
76*..................................................
75*................................................
74*................................................
73*................................................
72*................................................
45
71*................................................
..45
70*....................................................
...46
69*..........................................................467
68*..........................................................4568
67*.............................................2............45788
66*............................................332... .
797888
65*............................................332.
.798.
64*............................................32.
98
63*............................................3.
62*............................................33
61*...................................2.......333
60*...................................33333343434
59*...................................33333444433
..67
58*...................................3333344.43.
..66
57*...................................3333344.4..
6566
56*.................................33333334443..
...5
55*................................33333334344....
...
54*...................................33333444.....
......
53*........................................4444.......
......
52*........................................3444.................
51*..........................................3..................
50*.............................................................
49*..........................................3.................
48*.........................................333...............
47*.........................................333.............
.
46*...................................3.....333............
...
.
45*.........................................333...........
.......
44*............................................0000......
.......
43*..........................33..............000022.....
..
.......
42*...........................3................02232...
............
41*.....................................................
............
40*......................................................
.. .............
39*.......................................................
..................
38*.......................................................
..................
37*.........................................................
..................
36*..........................................................
.................
35*..........................................................
.................
34*...........................................................
..................
33*............................................................. ..................
32*.................................................................................
31*.................................................................................
30*.................................................................................
29*.................................................................................
28*.................................................................................
27*.................................................................................
26*.................................................................................
25*.................................................................................
24*.................................................................................
23*.................................................................................
22*.................................................................................
21*.................................................................................
20*.................................................................................
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000111111111111111111111
444444444455555555556666666666777777777788888888889999999999000000000011111111112
012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890
Page 57

**
Bench
DIPPER SYMBOL MAPS FOR BENCHES

24
from MSOPDP.BLK
**
Under surface MSOPDP.P00
000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000111111111111111111111
444444444455555555556666666666777777777788888888889999999999000000000011111111112
012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
100*.................................................................................
99*.................................................................................
98*.................................................................................
97*.................................................................................
96*.................................................................................
95*.................................................................................
94*.................................................................................
93*.................................................................................
92*.................................................................................
91*.................................................................................
90*.................................................................................
89*.................................................................................
88*.................................................................................
87*.................................................................................
86*.................................................................................
85*.................................................................................
84*.................................................................................
83*.................................................................................
82*.................................................................0...............
81*..............................................................0000...............
80*............................................................0020000..............
79*...........................................................00022200..............
78*..........................................................000243200..............
77*..........................................................00544342...............
76*.........................................................006654442...............
75*........................................................0788655442...............
74*..................................................00333457788765552..............
73*..............................................45443333346778987776333...........
72*.............................................4454433333457899977763332...........
71*............................................444443333333348DB988774432...........
70*............................................4433333332304.7CCA98B7563............
69*...........................................444333332.222748CDDFF77653............
68*........................................44444433332....3ACCDEGFGG6632............
67*......................................4444444433322....34CDDEHHHG6632............
66*.....................................4444444444443...62444FIEFEB777430...........
65*.....................................444444445444121.254406JKDEB88A430...........
64*....................................444444444555513222567887IIBA887432...........
63*...................................444444334456554222347AC94IJK88844432..........
62*...................................4444444344555553333579A744KL88884432..........
61*...................................44444444455599545346766765HHH888832...........
60*...................................44444555555569555356653F86FEF78888............
59*...................................44445567655455944216666888FEF88888............
58*...................................43345678755444944345GGGH889A888788............
57*...................................4334567875543443334FGGGH789B99877.............
56*.................................003444567765444443334FGGH87789866...............
55*................................000444555666544443..34557A7589973................
54*.........................2222......04455566654444....355676567864................
53*.........................22222........45566654444.....34444456654................
52*.........................222222.......44566654443......3433246653................
51*..........................22222...2223.445555444........33334555.................
50*...........................2332...23....4555544...........34444..................
49*...........................3332....3....4555543.........33334222.................
48*..........................23332.........455543.........3444323322................
47*.........................22333........34555543......2.23443323332................
46*.........................233332....0.034455443........2333322332.................
45*........................22333322.....03444444..........333.22222.................
44*........................233333332.....0344440000........33...222.................
43*.........................332333332.....033430000.................................
42*.........................233333332......333300000................................
41*...........................3333322......3333.....................................
40*...........................23222.........333.....................................
39*............................222.........30.......................................
38*........................................22.......................................
37*.................................................................................
36*.................................................................................
35*.................................................................................
34*.................................................................................
33*.................................................................................
32*.................................................................................
31*.................................................................................
30*.................................................................................
29*.................................................................................
28*.................................................................................
27*.................................................................................
26*.................................................................................
25*.................................................................................
24*.................................................................................
23*.................................................................................
22*.................................................................................
21*.................................................................................
20*.................................................................................
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000111111111111111111111
444444444455555555556666666666777777777788888888889999999999000000000011111111112
012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890
Step 4
B-File Geologic Reserves
Use program M723V.
Page 58

Operations = Report
Procedure Description = Reserves (DIPPER) - p72390.dat
Panels (that need to be filled in)
Output (from report file; File DIPRES.SUM is in Scheduling program
M805V1 format):
Bench
Total
C U T O F F
0.200
G R A D E S
0.400
0.600
0.800
Page 59

2660
# 20
2645
# 21
2630
# 22
2615
# 23
2600
# 24
2585
# 25
2570
# 26
2555
# 27
2540
# 28
2525
# 29
2510
# 30
2495
# 31
2480
# 32
2465
# 33
2450
# 34
2435
# 35
2420
# 36
2405
# 37
2390
# 38
2375
# 39
2360
# 40
2345
# 41
2330
# 42
2315
# 43
2300
# 44
2285
# 45
2270
# 46
2255
# 47
2240
# 48
2225
# 49
2210
# 50
2195
# 51
2180
# 52
2165
# 53
2135
# 55
2120
# 56
2105
# 57
2090
# 58
2075
# 59
2060
# 60
2660
# 20
2645
# 21
2630
# 22
2615
# 23
2600
# 24
2585
# 25
2570
# 26
2555
# 27
2540
# 28
2525
# 29
2510
# 30
2495
# 31
2480
# 32
Page 510
259. ORE
GRADE
2511. ORE
GRADE
8084. ORE
GRADE
12523. ORE
GRADE
14953. ORE
GRADE
16913. ORE
GRADE
19343. ORE
GRADE
21141. ORE
GRADE
22194. ORE
GRADE
23085. ORE
GRADE
22939. ORE
GRADE
24154. ORE
GRADE
24365. ORE
GRADE
24089. ORE
GRADE
24073. ORE
GRADE
22939. ORE
GRADE
22615. ORE
GRADE
22923. ORE
GRADE
22777. ORE
GRADE
22810. ORE
GRADE
22874. ORE
GRADE
22486. ORE
GRADE
22891. ORE
GRADE
22502. ORE
GRADE
20428. ORE
GRADE
20088. ORE
GRADE
19067. ORE
GRADE
16670. ORE
GRADE
12992. ORE
GRADE
9396. ORE
GRADE
2641. ORE
GRADE
2657. ORE
GRADE
2932. ORE
GRADE
2981. ORE
GRADE
2122. ORE
GRADE
1847. ORE
GRADE
826. ORE
GRADE
729. ORE
GRADE
599. ORE
GRADE
988. ORE
GRADE
259. ORE
GRADE
2770. ORE
GRADE
10854. ORE
GRADE
23377. ORE
GRADE
38329. ORE
GRADE
55242. ORE
GRADE
74585. ORE
GRADE
95726. ORE
GRADE
117920. ORE
GRADE
141005. ORE
GRADE
163944. ORE
GRADE
188098. ORE
GRADE
212463. ORE
GRADE
259.
0.605
2511.
0.876
8084.
1.035
12523.
1.062
14953.
1.133
16913.
1.132
19343.
1.102
21141.
1.119
22194.
1.151
23085.
1.173
22939.
1.229
24154.
1.242
24365.
1.255
24089.
1.291
24073.
1.330
22939.
1.334
22615.
1.364
22923.
1.435
22777.
1.519
22810.
1.528
22874.
1.484
22486.
1.442
22891.
1.379
22502.
1.296
20428.
1.302
20088.
1.313
19067.
1.381
16670.
1.461
12992.
1.560
9396.
1.511
2641.
1.026
2657.
0.744
2932.
0.715
2981.
0.630
2122.
0.628
1847.
0.689
826.
0.533
729.
0.522
599.
0.488
988.
0.492
259.
0.605
2770.
0.851
10854.
0.988
23377.
1.028
38329.
1.069
55242.
1.088
74585.
1.092
95726.
1.098
117920.
1.108
141005.
1.118
163944.
1.134
188098.
1.148
212463.
1.160
259.
0.605
2511.
0.876
8084.
1.035
12490.
1.064
14888.
1.136
16880.
1.133
19327.
1.102
21141.
1.119
22194.
1.151
23085.
1.173
22923.
1.229
24057.
1.245
24349.
1.255
24089.
1.291
24057.
1.330
22939.
1.334
22615.
1.364
22923.
1.435
22745.
1.521
22777.
1.529
22874.
1.484
22453.
1.444
22891.
1.379
22502.
1.296
20428.
1.302
20088.
1.313
19067.
1.381
16670.
1.461
12992.
1.560
9396.
1.511
2641.
1.026
2657.
0.744
2932.
0.715
2981.
0.630
2122.
0.628
1847.
0.689
826.
0.533
729.
0.522
599.
0.488
988.
0.492
259.
0.605
2770.
0.851
10854.
0.988
23344.
1.029
38232.
1.070
55112.
1.090
74439.
1.093
95580.
1.099
117774.
1.109
140859.
1.119
163782.
1.135
187839.
1.149
212188.
1.161
178.
0.623
2349.
0.899
6723.
1.137
10676.
1.154
13057.
1.220
14693.
1.222
16200.
1.210
17480.
1.242
17852.
1.298
19877.
1.274
21465.
1.277
21222.
1.342
21028.
1.369
21352.
1.390
21044.
1.446
20947.
1.412
21384.
1.414
21854.
1.481
21578.
1.575
21708.
1.579
21595.
1.541
21416.
1.489
22113.
1.409
21870.
1.319
20250.
1.308
19861.
1.322
18468.
1.407
16313.
1.481
12749.
1.580
9137.
1.539
2641.
1.026
2381.
0.763
2560.
0.737
2398.
0.645
1231.
0.715
1150.
0.803
146.
0.678
194.
0.615
16.
0.600
0.
0.000
178.
0.623
2527.
0.879
9250.
1.067
19926.
1.113
32983.
1.156
47677.
1.176
63877.
1.185
81356.
1.197
99209.
1.215
119086.
1.225
140551.
1.233
161773.
1.247
182801.
1.261
0.
0.000
1085.
1.142
4601.
1.347
6610.
1.430
9817.
1.390
11178.
1.384
12053.
1.385
13948.
1.381
15098.
1.412
15390.
1.450
16880.
1.439
18079.
1.454
18614.
1.455
18679.
1.488
19213.
1.517
18727.
1.498
18808.
1.512
19570.
1.572
20444.
1.625
19894.
1.658
19991.
1.607
19408.
1.571
20396.
1.471
20412.
1.365
19586.
1.328
18484.
1.367
17204.
1.458
15277.
1.534
12101.
1.627
8230.
1.631
2138.
1.096
1280.
0.822
113.
0.807
0.
0.000
0.
0.000
551.
0.870
16.
0.980
0.
0.000
0.
0.000
0.
0.000
0.
0.000
1085.
1.142
5686.
1.308
12296.
1.374
22113.
1.381
33291.
1.382
45344.
1.383
59292.
1.382
74390.
1.388
89780.
1.399
106661.
1.405
124740.
1.412
143354.
1.418

2465
# 33
2450
# 34
2435
# 35
2420
# 36
2405
# 37
2390
# 38
2375
# 39
2360
# 40
2345
# 41
2330
# 42
2315
# 43
2300
# 44
2285
# 45
2270
# 46
2255
# 47
2240
# 48
2225
# 49
2210
# 50
2195
# 51
2180
# 52
2165
# 53
2150
# 54
2135
# 55
2120
# 56
2105
# 57
2090
# 58
2075
# 59
2060
# 60
236552. ORE
GRADE
260626. ORE
GRADE
283565. ORE
GRADE
306180. ORE
GRADE
329103. ORE
GRADE
351880. ORE
GRADE
374690. ORE
GRADE
397564. ORE
GRADE
420050. ORE
GRADE
442940. ORE
GRADE
465442. ORE
GRADE
485870. ORE
GRADE
505958. ORE
GRADE
525026. ORE
GRADE
541696. ORE
GRADE
554688. ORE
GRADE
564084. ORE
GRADE
566725. ORE
GRADE
569381. ORE
GRADE
572314. ORE
GRADE
575294. ORE
GRADE
575294. ORE
GRADE
577417. ORE
GRADE
579263. ORE
GRADE
580090. ORE
GRADE
580819. ORE
GRADE
581418. ORE
GRADE
582406. ORE
GRADE
236552.
1.173
260626.
1.188
283565.
1.200
306180.
1.212
329103.
1.227
351880.
1.246
374690.
1.263
397564.
1.276
420050.
1.285
442940.
1.290
465442.
1.290
485870.
1.291
505958.
1.292
525026.
1.295
541696.
1.300
554688.
1.306
564084.
1.309
566725.
1.308
569381.
1.305
572314.
1.302
575294.
1.299
575294.
1.299
577417.
1.296
579263.
1.295
580090.
1.293
580819.
1.292
581418.
1.292
582406.
1.290
236277.
1.174
260334.
1.189
283273.
1.200
305888.
1.213
328811.
1.228
351556.
1.247
374333.
1.264
397208.
1.277
419661.
1.286
442552.
1.291
465053.
1.291
485482.
1.291
505570.
1.292
524637.
1.295
541307.
1.301
554299.
1.307
563695.
1.310
566336.
1.309
568993.
1.306
571925.
1.303
574906.
1.300
574906.
1.300
577028.
1.297
578875.
1.295
579701.
1.294
580430.
1.293
581029.
1.292
582017.
1.291
204152.
1.275
225196.
1.291
246143.
1.301
267527.
1.310
289381.
1.323
310959.
1.340
332667.
1.356
354262.
1.367
375678.
1.374
397791.
1.376
419661.
1.373
439911.
1.370
459772.
1.368
478240.
1.370
494554.
1.373
507303.
1.378
516440.
1.381
519080.
1.380
521462.
1.377
524021.
1.374
526419.
1.370
526419.
1.370
527650.
1.369
528800.
1.367
528946.
1.367
529141.
1.367
529157.
1.367
529157.
1.367
162032.
1.426
181246.
1.436
199973.
1.441
218781.
1.448
238351.
1.458
258795.
1.471
278689.
1.484
298679.
1.493
318087.
1.497
338483.
1.496
358895.
1.488
378481.
1.480
396965.
1.475
414169.
1.474
429446.
1.476
441547.
1.480
449777.
1.483
451915.
1.481
453195.
1.479
453308.
1.479
453308.
1.479
453308.
1.479
453308.
1.479
453859.
1.478
453875.
1.478
453875.
1.478
453875.
1.478
453875.
1.478
Page 511
Step 5
Reserves using M608V1
Geologic Reserves can also be calculated using M608V1. We will only use
blocks with Ore Type 1 and 2.
Group = STATISTICS
Procedure = Statistics (MODEL) - p60801.dat
Page 512
Output (compare results with the output from Step 4)
EQCU
CUTOFF
BLOCKS
ABOVE CUTOFF
0.200
582406.2
MEAN
S.T.D.
100.0000
1.2903
0.5807
EQCU
0.400
582017.4
99.9332
1.2909
0.5804
EQCU
0.600
529156.8
90.8570
1.3670
0.5536
EQCU
0.800
453875.4
77.9311
1.4784
0.5191
EQCU
MIN. data VALUE =

MAX. data VALUE =
Std. deviation =
0.3100
4.8600
0.5807
Page 513
Distribution of EQCU
BENCH
2660.00
2645.00
2630.00
2615.00
2600.00
2585.00
2570.00
2555.00
2540.00
2525.00
2510.00
2495.00
2480.00
2465.00
2450.00
2435.00
2420.00
2405.00
2390.00
2375.00
2360.00
2345.00
2330.00
2315.00
2300.00
2285.00
2270.00
2255.00
2240.00
2225.00
2210.00
2195.00
2180.00
2165.00
2135.00
2120.00
2105.00
2090.00
2075.00
2060.00
Page 514
NUMBER
259.200
2511.000
8083.800
12522.601
14952.601
16912.801
19342.801
21141.001
22194.001
23085.001
22939.201
24154.201
24364.801
24089.401
24073.201
22939.201
22615.201
22923.001
22777.201
22809.601
22874.401
22485.601
22890.601
22501.801
20428.201
20088.001
19067.401
16669.801
12992.401
9396.000
2640.600
2656.800
2932.200
2980.800
2122.200
1846.800
826.200
729.000
599.400
988.200
by BENCH
MEAN
0.6050
0.8761
1.0352
1.0619
1.1327
1.1318
1.1016
1.1195
1.1507
1.1726
1.2287
1.2420
1.2546
1.2915
1.3298
1.3345
1.3642
1.4352
1.5194
1.5277
1.4836
1.4422
1.3792
1.2962
1.3016
1.3131
1.3805
1.4608
1.5603
1.5114
1.0256
0.7438
0.7152
0.6301
0.6277
0.6889
0.5327
0.5218
0.4878
0.4921
STD.DEV.
0.0290
0.3287
0.5488
0.6049
0.6847
0.6522
0.6031
0.6033
0.6000
0.5937
0.5836
0.5715
0.5397
0.5486
0.5969
0.6156
0.6244
0.6366
0.5915
0.5924
0.5749
0.5615
0.4961
0.3733
0.3174
0.3821
0.4452
0.5195
0.5643
0.5880
0.2026
0.0895
0.0771
0.0403
0.1173
0.1602
0.0846
0.0591
0.0244
0.0157
Step 6
Generate series of DIPPER pits
Use variable copper price to create different pits. Use program M720V1.
From MEDSManager select:
Run $ Single Run $ Enter Name only $ P72001.DAT
Page 515
Page 516
Page 517
Step 7
Display pit surfaces
We are going to display/plot the surfaces that were created from previous
run and make an ASCII VBM input file for each one of the surfaces. Use
program M721V2.
Operations = Plot
Procedure Desc. = Plot DIPPER Plan Pit - plndip.dat
Panels
Page 518
Output
Step 8
Use Multi-Run to display the other 5 pits:

Run $Multiple Run$ Set up New Multirun
Panels:
Page 519
Page 520
Output for P02 ($.26 net value) and P03 ($0.32 net value)
Page 521
Modify the Multi-Run created above to create an ASCII VBM input file for
each DIPPER Pit. For the VBM files lets output every bench instead of
every other one. See the table below for suggested file names and VBM
Feature codes.
Beginning
Surface
MSOPDP.P00
MSOPDP.P00
MSOPDP.P00
MSOPDP.P00
MSOPDP.P00
MSOPDP.P00
Step 9
Ending
Surface
MSOPFC.P01
MSOPFC.P02
MSOPFC.P03
MSOPFC.P04
MSOPFC.P05
MSOPFC.P06
VBM Input
file
P20.VBM
P26.VBM
P32.VBM
P38.VBM
P44.VBM
P50.VBM
Feature
Code
701
702
703
704
705
706
Vertical Sections of Pits
From MEDSManager menu select:

Operations = Plot
Procedure Desc. = Plot DIPPER Pit Sections - secdip.dat
Panels
Page 522
Output
Page 523
Step 10
Merge DIPPER surface with topo and store in file13.
Use program M729V1

Operations = Data Convert
Procedure Desc. = S-File TO 2D Grid - p72993.dat
Panels:
Page 524
Step 11
Contour and plot surface from previous step
Use program M607V1

Group = 2D TOPO
Operations = Plot
Procedure Desc. = Plot 2D Grid Contour - p60702.dat
Page 525

Output
MineSight can be used for displaying surface.

Start MS2 and create a new model view. Name the view pit06. Select
the PCF and File 13. Pick item pit1. Adjust properties as desired.
Page 526
Step 12
Calculate DIPPER pit reserves and perform DIPPER pit economic

analysis.
Use programs M723V1 and M806V1

From tht MEDSManager menu select:
Procedure Desc. = Schedules (DIPPER) - p80690.dat
Panels
Page 527

Output
File TTY723.OUT
This printout lists the total tonnage between the original surface and each
DIPPER pits surface. The total tonnage numbers increase as you go from
the first to the last shell indicating the cumulative nature of this summary
file. For each pit shell the total tonnage is broken up into ore and waste
based on cutoff grade and a profit is calculated based on the copper price
selected for the analysis. (In our case $0.78 copper). An example is shown
below:
Bench
2480
# 32
Bench
2420
# 36
Total
26406000. ORE
GRADE
WASTE
S.R.
PROFT
Total
67780800. ORE
GRADE
WASTE
S.R.
PROFT
C U T O F F
0.812
22696200.
1.991
3709800.
0.163
192470736.
C U T O F F
0.812
47368800.
1.836
20412000.
0.431
324824448.
G R A D E S
Bench
Total
C U T O F F
0.812
2210 628462784. ORE
299132992.
# 50
GRADE
1.568
WASTE 329329792.
S.R.
1.101
PROFT 1140204544.
G R A D E S
Bench
Total
C U T O F F
0.812
2210 796942784. ORE
348494400.
# 50
GRADE
1.552
WASTE 448448384.
S.R.
1.287
PROFT 1203564032.
G R A D E S
Bench
Total
C U T O F F
0.812
2195 927271808. ORE
379225792.
# 51
GRADE
1.537
WASTE 548046016.
S.R.
1.445
PROFT 1190102016.
G R A D E S
Bench
Total
G R A D E S
C U T O F F
0.812
21201027306816. ORE
397677600.
# 56
GRADE
1.526
WASTE 629629184.
S.R.
1.583
PROFT 1146164736.
Page 528
G R A D E S

File PLT806.POA
This file contains graphs of the information contained in File TTY723.DAT.

Net Value (i.e., PROFT), Strip Ratio, Grade, and Ore are plotted against
total pit tonnes for each cut-off grade. The Net Value numbers are based on
a copper price of $0.78. Notice how the shells generated from a higher
copper price in the floating cone program now show a negative profit when
evaluated at the $0.78 price. The Net Value graph is shown below.
File DIPRES
This file contains a bench-by-bench breakdown of the total tonnage between

the original surface topography and each DIPPER pit surface. For each
DIPPER pit two breakdowns are given; a bench-by-bench incremental and a
bench-by-bench cumulative (i.e., running total). Examples are given below:
Page 529

Bench
Total
C U T O F F
G R A D E S
0.812
2660
# 20
113400. ORE
GRADE
WASTE
S.R.
PROFT
0.
0.000
113400.
0.000
-136080.
2645
# 21
1522800. ORE
GRADE
WASTE
S.R.
PROFT
599400.
1.372
923400.
1.541
986461.
2630
# 22
4681800. ORE
GRADE
WASTE
S.R.
PROFT
3272400.
1.517
1409400.
0.431
13713544.
2615
# 23
4876200. ORE
GRADE
WASTE
S.R.
PROFT
4017600.
1.682
858600.
0.214
23432484.
Table 2.
C U M U L A T I V E
R E S E R V E S
Block & Pit Files = MSOPDP.BLK

Topography Matrix = MSOPDP.P00
Tonnage Factor
= 0.3704
Bench
Total
C U T O F F
MSOPFC.P01
G R A D E S
0.812
Page 530
2660
# 20
113400. ORE
GRADE
WASTE
S.R.
PROFT
0.
0.000
113400.
0.000
-136080.
2645
# 21
1636200. ORE
GRADE
WASTE
S.R.
PROFT
599400.
1.372
1036800.
1.730
850381.
2630
# 22
6318000. ORE
GRADE
WASTE
S.R.
PROFT
3871800.
1.495
2446200.
0.632
14563924.
2615
# 23
11194200. ORE
GRADE
WASTE
S.R.
PROFT
7889400.
1.590
3304800.
0.419
37996416.
File RPT806.LA
This file contains reserve information and scheduling information. Reserve
information includes the same cumulative numbers as presented in File
TTY723.DAT plus incremental tonnages for each DIPPER pit (i.e., tonnage
between individual DIPPER pits such as P01 and P02, P02 and P03, etc.).
Note that in the output the following file naming correspondence applies:
P01.TMP = MSOPFC.P01 pit P04.TMP = MSOPFC.P04 pit
Examples are shown below:
PIT EVALUATION AT $0.38 NET VALUE

CUT-OFF 1 FOR CASHFLOW CALCULATIONS
METAL CONVERSION FACTOR
=
METAL VALUE $/UNIT REC.
=
METAL RECOVERY %
=
MINE & MILL COST $/TON ORE=
MINING COST $/TON WASTE
=
RESERVES FOR PIT

TOTAL TONS
CUTOFF#
P01.TMP
26406.
ORE
0.812
22696.
GRADE
VALUE
COSTS
PROFIT
S.R.
$/TN
1.991
378492.
186021.
192471.
0.163
8.480
INCREMENTAL RESERVES
CUTOFF#
ORE
0.812
22696.
RESERVES FOR PIT

TOTAL TONS
CUTOFF#
GRADE
VALUE
COSTS
PROFIT
S.R.
$/TN
1.991
378492.
186021.
192471.
0.163
8.480
GRADE
VALUE
COSTS
PROFIT
S.R.
$/TN
1.836
728269.
403445.
324824.
0.431
6.857
ORE
0.812
24673.
RESERVES FOR PIT

TOTAL TONS
CUTOFF#
0.812
TOTAL TONS =
41375.
GRADE
VALUE
COSTS
PROFIT
S.R.
$/TN
1.693
349777.
217423.
132354.
0.677
5.364
GRADE
VALUE
COSTS
PROFIT
S.R.
$/TN
1.568
3928464.
2788260.
1140205.
1.101
3.812
PROFIT
S.R.
$/TN
P03.TMP
628463.
ORE
299133.
CUTOFF#
26406.
67781.
47369.
CUTOFF#
TOTAL TONS =
P02.TMP
ORE
0.812
22.04
0.38
100.00
8.00
1.20
ORE
TOTAL TONS =
GRADE
VALUE
560682.
COSTS
Page 531

0.812
251764.
RESERVES FOR PIT

TOTAL TONS
3200194.
2384815.
815380.
1.227
3.239
GRADE
VALUE
COSTS
PROFIT
S.R.
$/TN
1.552
4529658.
3326093.
1203565.
1.287
3.454
P04.TMP
796943.
CUTOFF#
0.812
1.518
ORE
348494.
CUTOFF#
ORE
0.812
49361.
RESERVES FOR PIT

TOTAL TONS
GRADE
VALUE
COSTS
PROFIT
S.R.
$/TN
1.454
601193.
537834.
63359.
2.413
1.284
GRADE
VALUE
COSTS
PROFIT
S.R.
$/TN
1.537
4881563.
3691462.
1190101.
1.445
3.138
P05.TMP
ORE
379226.
CUTOFF#
ORE
0.812
30731.
RESERVES FOR PIT
TOTAL TONS =
VALUE
COSTS
PROFIT
S.R.
$/TN
1.367
351906.
365368.
-13462.
3.241
-0.438
GRADE
VALUE
COSTS
PROFIT
S.R.
$/TN
1.526
5083142.
3936976.
1146166.
1.583
2.882
P06.TMP
1027307.
CUTOFF#
ORE
397678.
CUTOFF#
ORE
0.812
130329.
GRADE
TOTAL TONS
0.812
168480.
927272.
CUTOFF#
0.812
TOTAL TONS =
18452.
TOTAL TONS =
100035.
GRADE
VALUE
COSTS
PROFIT
S.R.
$/TN
1.304
201577.
245514.
-43937.
4.421
-2.381
---------------------------------------------------------------------------PIT EVALUATION AT $0.38 NET VALUE

YEAR *
*
*
*
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
YEARLY SCHEDULE
ORE
EQCU
0.
25000.
25000.
25000.
25000.
25000.
25000.
25000.
25000.
25000.
25000.
25000.
25000.
25000.
25000.
25000.
15772.
0.000
1.852
1.572
1.146
1.284
1.365
1.429
1.493
1.557
1.737
1.851
1.738
1.685
1.430
1.460
1.401
1.334
WASTE
10000.
16481.
161713.
70117.
31671.
16533.
10150.
6071.
4841.
2902.
2716.
2388.
111279.
6630.
96745.
78397.
7900.
*
*
TOTAL *
*
10000.
41481.
186713.
95117.
56671.
41533.
35150.
31071.
29841.
27902.
27716.
27388.
136279.
31630.
121745.
103397.
23672.
CUMULATIVE SCHEDULE
ORE
0.
25000.
50000.
75000.
100000.
125000.
150000.
175000.
200000.
225000.
250000.
275000.
300000.
325000.
350000.
375000.
390772.
EQCU
0.000
1.852
1.712
1.523
1.463
1.444
1.441
1.449
1.462
1.493
1.529
1.548
1.559
1.549
1.543
1.533
1.525
WASTE
*
*
TOTAL *
*
10000.
10000.
26481.
51481.
188194. 238194.
258311. 333311.
289982. 389982.
306515. 431515.
316666. 466666.
322737. 497737.
327577. 527577.
330480. 555480.
333196. 583196.
335584. 610584.
446862. 746863.
453492. 778492.
550238. 900238.
628635. 1003635.
636535. 1027307.
STOCKPILE
TONS
6905.
6905.
6905.
6905.
6905.
6905.
6905.
6905.
6905.
6905.
6905.
6905.
6905.
6905.
6905.
6905.
6905.
EQCU
*
*
*
*
1.577
1.577
1.577
1.577
1.577
1.577
1.577
1.577
1.577
1.577
1.577
1.577
1.577
1.577
1.577
1.577
1.577
PIT
LEVEL
P01.TMP
P02.TMP
P03.TMP
P03.TMP
P03.TMP
P03.TMP
P03.TMP
P03.TMP
P03.TMP
P03.TMP
P03.TMP
P03.TMP
P04.TMP
P04.TMP
P05.TMP
P06.TMP
P06.TMP
23
27
25
28
30
32
33
35
36
38
40
44
37
43
40
40
56
STRIPPING RATIOS
*
YEARLY CUMUL
PLAN*
*
*
0.000
0.659
6.469
2.805
1.267
0.661
0.406
0.243
0.194
0.116
0.109
0.096
4.451
0.265
3.870
3.136
0.501
0.000
1.059
3.764
3.444
2.900
2.452
2.111
1.844
1.638
1.469
1.333
1.220
1.490
1.395
1.572
1.676
1.629
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000

YEAR
METAL
UNITS
TOTAL
VALUE
PROCESS
COST
MINING
COST
PROFIT
PV %
0.0
PV %
5.0
PV %
10.0
PV %
15.0
PV %
20.0
1.50
2.50
3.50
4.50
5.50
0.
1020429.
865927.
631330.
707679.
0.
387763.
329052.
239905.
268918.
0.
200000.
200000.
200000.
200000.
12000.
19777.
194055.
84141.
38006.
-12000.
167986.
-65003.
-44235.
30912.
-12000.
155986.
90983.
46748.
77660.
-11153.
137543.
82744.
47229.
70866.
-10401.
121969.
75404.
46597.
64898.
-9730.
108718.
68862.
45277.
59609.
-9129.
97364.
63024.
43550.
54891.
Page 532

6.50
7.50
8.50
9.50
10.50
11.50
12.50
13.50
14.50
15.50
16.50
17.50
752377.
787560.
822743.
858004.
957096.
1019643.
957696.
928241.
787872.
804596.
771706.
463747.
285903.
299273.
312643.
326041.
363696.
387464.
363925.
352732.
299391.
305747.
293248.
176224.
200000.
200000.
200000.
200000.
200000.
200000.
200000.
200000.
200000.
200000.
200000.
126177.
19840.
12180.
7285.
5809.
3483.
3260.
2865.
133535.
7956.
116094.
94077.
9480.
66064.
87092.
105357.
120233.
160213.
184205.
161059.
19197.
91436.
-10348.
-828.
40567.
143724.
230816.
336173.
456406.
616620.
800824.
961883.
981080.
1072516.
1062168.
1061340.
1101907.
118975.
179379.
248970.
324605.
420592.
525697.
613220.
623155.
668223.
663365.
662995.
680268.
100454.
143066.
189929.
238546.
297441.
358999.
407929.
413231.
436188.
433826.
433654.
441307.
86242.
116774.
148891.
180761.
217691.
254612.
282683.
285593.
297643.
296457.
296374.
299890.
75088.
97276.
119644.
140915.
164536.
187168.
203658.
205296.
211797.
211184.
211143.
212812.
PLOTTING SCALES
ITEM
TOTAL PIT TONS
PIT ORE
TONS
MAX GRADE
MAX S.R.
PIT PROFIT
MAXIMUM
1027307.
397678.
1.5262
1.5833
1203565.
SCALE
190242.
73644.
0.2826
0.2932
222882.
CAL-SCALE
171218.
66280.
0.2544
0.2639
200594.
The scheduling information presented is a first-pass annual schedule

where the DIPPER pit shells are mined one at a time at whatever
annual total tonnage rate is needed to satisfy the mill feed requirement.
Thus during years when a shell is in ore there is very little stripping
being
done whereas during years when a new shell is started all
the stripping needed to get down to the ore in order to satisfy the mill
feed requirement is done during these particular years resulting in
abnormally high total tonnage figures.
This first-pass scheduling information is useful in helping you
determine an average annual total tonnage mining rate that will smooth
out the schedules peaks and valleys. It also provides initial
information on when stripping of the subsequent shells has to start to
avoid being waste bound. More realistic scheduling using information
derived from this schedule can be done with Program M805V1 or
M821V1.
Page 533
Page 534

Summary
In this section we will redo the six DIPPER pits using the Variable Cost by
Bench option. Everything else will remain the same as in Section 5. We will
use the same procedure (p72001.dat) and Program (M720V1) as used in
Step 6 of Section 5. Before starting this example rename the following files
from Section 5 (e.g., S5) in order to preserve them:
RENAME
RUN720.F RUN720.S5
RPT720.LF RPT720.S5
MSOPFC.P01 MSOPS5.P01
..
..
..
A new set of DIPPER files can also be initialized. In such a case, use
names for files B and S (e.g. MSOPS6.BLK and MSOPS6.P00).
Mining Costs By
Bench
new
Mining costs will vary by bench according to the following table:
Starting Bench
Ending Bench
Ore Mining and

Processing Cost
Waste Mining Cost
16
7.80
1.00
17
32
8.00
1.20
33
48
8.20
1.40
49
64
8.50
1.700
Page 61

Step 1
Run M720V1

Run Single Run Enter Name only P72001.DAT
Panels (that need to be filled)
Page 62
Page 63
Page 64
When using the variable cost by bench please be aware that the mine and
mill cutoff grades will not vary accordingly. Over the complete range of
benches, they will retain the values determined from the net value, the base
ore mining and processing cost and the base waste mining cost.
Step 2
Check and compare results
Compare the results from this example (RPT720.LF) with the results from
Section 5 (RPT720.S5). The results should show less economic material and
less profit in the variable cost by bench series of pits because of the higher
costs at depth.
Rename Run, Report and S-files if desired (this is not necessary for the next
exercises). Use S6 as the extension (RUN720.S6, MSOPS6.P01 etc.)
Page 65

Variable cost by bench
Summary for area requested
Number of base blocks ex.
Number of base blocks mined
Net revenue = GRO$$ - costs
Number of WASTE blocks mined
Number of ORE blocks mined
Average value per ore-block:
Average GRADE per ore-block:
M. TONNES
of ORE
mined
M. TONNES
of WASTE mined
Stripping Ratio
Cumulative
172802.
3806.
474765280.
39396.
21793.
21785.
1.590
353046592.
638215168.
1.8077
Constant costs
Summary for area requested
Number of base blocks ex.
Number of base blocks mine
Net revenue = GRO$$ - costs
Average value per ore-block:
Average GRADE per ore-block:
M. TONNES
of ORE
mined
M. TONNES
of WASTE mined
Stripping Ratio
Page 66
Cumulative
166340.
4111.
511550624.
41169.
22245.
22996.
1.582
360368992.
666937792.
1.8507
Section 7Dollar Block Approach Using Lerchs-Grossman Method
Section 7Dollar/Block Approach Using Lerchs-Grossmann Method

In this example we will use the slope and cost data from Section 5 and a
$0.90/pound copper price and do the following:
Summary
1. Calculate and store in File 15 a profit value(in M$) for each ore block;
2. Transfer these values over to another B-file;
3. Check the B-file results;
4. Use these profit values with the Lerchs-Grossmann algorithm to find the
economic pit limit; and
5. Compare this $0.90 pit limit with the one generated in Section 5
We know the following:
Waste mining cost: $1.20/tonne
Ore mining and processing cost: $8.00/tonne
Net value for $0.90 copper price: $0.50/pound Cu
Mill Cutoff: 0.617% Eqcu
Mine Cutoff: 0.726% Eqcu
Using the definition of Profit/block as equal to Revenue/block - Cost/block
we can determine the Profit/Block values for waste blocks and for ore
blocks.
1. Waste Blocks: Profit/Block = 0 - (16.2Ktonnes/block)($1.20/tonne)
Profit/Block = -19.440 M$
Waste blocks are all blocks with EQCU < 0.617.
2. Ore Blocks:
Profit/Block = (16.2Ktonnes/block)(22.04 * %Eqcu)pounds cu/tonne
($.50/pound cu)- (16.2Ktonnes/block)($8/tonne)
Profit/Block = 178.524(%Eqcu) - 129.600 M$
Ore Blocks are all blocks with EQCU >= 0.617
Step 1
Calculate and Store Profit Values for Ore Blocks
Store values in File 15 under Item VALBK Using Program M612RP and
check results.
Since the profit value for waste blocks is constant (-19.4 M$) in this case it
is easier (and more efficient) to let the DIPPER program continue to
calculate this value rather than putting this constant in File15 for all the
waste blocks and then transferring to the B-File. If your waste costs vary by
rock type or elevation then it would be necessary to calculate the profit value
for waste blocks and put them into file 15 using the same approach as we
will now use for the Ore Blocks.
Page 71
Section 7Dollar / Block Approach Using Lerchs-Grossmann Method
From the MANAGER menu select:

Group = 3D DEPOSIT MODELING
Operations = CALCULATIONS
Procedure description = USER-CALCS (MODEL) - P61201.DAT
Panels (that need to be filled):
Page 72
Step 2
Initialize another B-File
Initialize New B-file called MSOPDP.DPB. S-File can remain as

MSOPDP.P00
Operations = INITIALIZE
Procedure description = INITIALIZE DIPPER FILES -P71702.DAT
Panels:
Page 73
Step 3
Transfer Ore Block VALBK info into B-file
For pit design purposes an Ore Block must be either Proven (ORE = 1) or
Probable (ORE = 2).
Operations = DATA CONVERT
Procedure description = CONDENSE MODEL - P71890.DAT
Page 74
Panel:
Step 4
Check the B-file
The B-file can be checked with single digit printer maps as we did earlier or
we can produce a listing of B-file values for specific rows and columns using
Program M724V1.
Operations = REPORT
Procedure description = LIST B-FILE - P72401.DAT
Panel:
Page 75
Output
START
OF
ROW
51
IX
KT
KO
KL
S2:
01
02
03
04
05
06
07
08
09
10
11
12
13
14
15
95
21
25
49
26333
26358:
49
26358
26384:
192
256
281
21
24
49
26410
26436:
117
167
229
263
99
21
24
49
26436
26462:
111
144
211
229
100 21
23
49
26462
26489:
158
1
154
15
127
17
102
19
76
20
119
98
147
1
211
17
192
15
138
17
102
19
83
19
231
26410:
192
19
270
20
249
20
188
20
113
20
81
11
231
26384
227
26
288
29
283
27
218
15
136
15
85
19
186
49
229
49
267
58
265
40
206
20
138
17
86
26
106
24
210
83
185
101
186
72
152
45
117
26
113
52
156
24
152
147
120
152
126
124
120
95
115
70
108
86
188
21
111
177
86
163
108
161
88
138
88
111
83
113
193
21
61
167
72
213
81
245
76
206
72
156
40
147
129
97
36
154
11
210
22
267
15
222
24
192
17
197
76
96
-2
127
-14
217
-3
274
-8
251
-10
201
-1
210
61
20
72
135
201
START OF ROW # 52
IX
KT
KO
KL
S2:
01
02
03
04
05
06
07
08
09
10
11
12
13
14
15
95
21
24
49
25062
25088:
22
49
25088
25116:
25116
25143:
49
25143
25169:
218
313
340
21
24
49
25169
25195:
90
163
254
285
100
21
23
49
25195
25222:
260
-1
310
-1
238
-1
149
17
97
19
47
22
240
-3
197
1
113
99
208
-3
386
20
306
17
183
17
106
19
60
4
417
24
122
-1
345
54
388
24
240
17
138
2
83
33
331
21
288
22
227
101
343
38
277
27
165
29
108
38
345
-1
336
98
265
58
131
172
226
74
263
36
170
20
111
49
295
49
190
142
110
210
127
165
186
51
142
45
145
74
333
23
120
177
83
297
113
211
144
140
122
101
119
113
267
21
81
177
40
345
104
327
111
210
106
179
88
140
242
21
44
202
19
372
44
376
97
268
90
210
49
176
170
97
11
211
8
386
1
399
42
301
2
227
27
211
272
96
-1
240
10
386
8
417
-3
333
-2
277
-5
235
49
20
67
135
204
where:
IX
Column number
KT Highest bench in air
KO Bench at top of ore
KL Bench at bottom of ore
S
First word in B-file
S2
Last word in B-file
01-25 Value of block in benches KO to KL
Step 5
Run Lerchs-Grossmann

Operations = CALCULATIONS
Procedure description = DIPPER F.C/LG - PDIPPR.DAT
Panels:
Page 76
Page 77
Output
Summary for Requested Area Phase # 1

Number of total blocks mined
64894.
26417.
Net revenue = GRO$$ - COSTS
2880121.
33692.
Number of FEED blocks mined
31202.
Average value per FEED-BLOCK
92.
Average NET$$ per FEED-BLOCK
113.32706
M. TONNES
of ORE
mined
505472384.
M. TONNES
of WASTE mined
545810432.
Stripping Ratio
1.0798
Cumulative
64894.
26417.
2880121.
33692.
31202.
92.
113.32706
505472384.
545810432.
1.0798
Output Surface = MSOPS7.P06
Step 6
Comparison with $0.90 pit limit from Section 5
A quick way to compare the results is to dump the S-file from the LerchsGrossmann run to a VBM ready ASCII file, load this ASCII file into the
MSOP25.TOP VBM File and compare the bench by bench outlines from
the two designs. We already have VBM file P50.VBM with feature code 706
for the design from Section 5. Go ahead and dump S-File MSOPS7.P06 to
VBM file called S7.VBM with feature code 716 (use P72190.dat procedure).
ASCII IN both files to File 25 and compare the designs on a bench by bench
basis using AUTOSTEP.
Operations = PLOT
Procedure description = S-FILE PIT MAPS - P72190.DAT
Panels:
Page 78
In the VBM editor we can now view the DIPPER pits. Maps for benches
2255 and 2435 follow. DIPPER pit using FC is represented with the solid
line whereas DIPPER pit using LG is represented with the dotted line.
Page 79
Page 710

In this section we will repeat the example from previous section but this time
well do it with Re-blocking (composite smaller blocks into larger blocks).
We will compare the results with the results from section 7 (LG without
reblocking). Compare also the execution times.
Summary
Step 1
Run LG
From MANAGER select:
Run$ Single Run $Enter Name only$ P72003.DAT
Page 81
Section 8Dollar Block Approach with LG and Reblocking
Page 82
Output
ROW
55
IX IZ1 IZ2:
95
96
97
98
99
100
ROW
(Original and re-blocked net dollar values as well as total figures):
22
32
42
22
32
42
22
32
42
22
32
42
52
21
31
41
51
21
31
41
51
31:
41:
48:
31:
41:
49:
31:
41:
50:
31:
41:
51:
52:
30:
40:
50:
52:
30:
40:
50:
52:
01
02
03
04
05
06
07
08
09
10
10
140
13
52
167
181
58
199
331
42
217
433
-19
-19
149
397
-20
-19
158
329
-20
47
177
65
119
210
277
242
215
431
106
251
365
77
185
131
151
226
308
252
233
351
135
206
101
60
145
213
111
227
310
177
258
276
127
170
60
90
131
-20
124
249
-19
427
190
-19
390
179
33
151
131
-20
363
326
-19
377
297
-19
379
251
22
242
111
-20
274
249
-19
324
252
-19
338
290
20
177
49
122
17
119
-12
195
65
-19
231
69
-19
263
327
19
151
20
149
-10
156
24
-19
170
393
-19
165
-6
-19
170
388
-20
-19
144
288
-20
44
154
261
56
135
104
113
122
86
276
152
52
477
254
31
336
258
27
277
270
24
204
340
-20
192
94
177
156
94
108
145
92
94
158
135
61
226
261
51
261
338
45
222
251
42
206
283
-20
67
483
-19
56
IX IZ1 IZ2:
95
96
97
98
99
100
22
32
42
22
32
42
22
32
42
22
32
42
21
31
41
21
31
41
51
31:
41:
49:
31:
41:
49:
31:
41:
50:
31:
41:
50:
30:
40:
50:
30:
40:
50:
52:
01
49
168
40
49
192
119
54
195
308
58
190
347
-19
295
377
-19
220
345
-20
02
317
204
206
331
226
231
140
227
256
124
231
279
44
193
333
52
154
126
-20
03
451
202
158
459
204
258
481
222
70
158
188
69
88
154
240
106
92
177
04
445
165
183
476
202
247
136
206
247
133
211
224
131
135
111
147
97
115
05
145
156
-20
483
220
-19
483
240
-19
429
242
-19
135
122
201
140
110
101
06
365
160
-2
399
245
-19
408
251
-19
386
252
-19
199
145
-20
177
133
81
07
236
135
-19
277
204
-19
326
243
-19
447
268
-19
349
242
-20
274
226
-20
08
186
47
-19
218
67
-19
251
333
-19
260
311
-19
377
267
-20
306
304
-20
The $-values for pit design has been re-blocked,

PCF model dimension:
NX =
150 DX= 20.0 NY=
125 DY= 20.0 NZ =
Re-blocked model dimension:
NX =
75 DX= 40.0 NY=
63 DY= 40.0 NZ =
The resulted total # of blocks =
32826
09
10
151
17
152
-10
188
20
177
-8
206
24
-19
186
367
-19
349
306
-20
268
290
44
179
349
343
390
315
334
-20
258
306
-20
64 DZ=
15.0
64 DZ=
15.0
Page 83

# of "+" valued blocks =
# of "-" valued blocks =
7950
24876
The designed pit will be transformed back to PCF

model dimension automatically before program exits.
ROW
28
IX IZ1 IZ2:
48
49
50
22
32
42
22
32
42
52
21
31
41
51
31:
41:
49:
31:
41:
51:
52:
30:
40:
50:
52:
01
02
03
04
05
06
07
08
09
10
160
667
353
212
801
1419
-19
-76
822
1448
-60
814
817
779
612
924
1331
1138
817
855
1026
849
591
1092
739
953
573
845
807
842
756
-78
1729
851
-24
1278
862
-60
1550
1051
-35
1029
699
-77
1435
1053
-37
776
228
-57
1005
1040
-38
612
74
597
-40
718
808
-76
754
1216
-19
58
661
1135
-60
430
494
855
490
461
438
533
446
482
810
565
174
1326
983
42
1280
1167
32
1116
1117
90
983
1263
-80
Summary for Requested Area

M. TONNES of ORE mined
M. TONNES of WASTE mined
Stripping Ratio
Phase # 1
Cumulative
64188.
64188.
26380.
26380.
2888591.
2888591.
33059.
33059.
31129.
31129.
93.
93.
113.46931
113.46931
504289792.
504289792.
535555808.
535555808.
1.0620
1.0620
Output Surface = MSOPLG.P01
Compare summary above with summary from section 7. Figures should

be close. Compare running times. You can check the running time at
the end of the reports. RPT720.S7 is the report for the LG run without
re-blocking and RPT720.LO is the report for the LG run with re-blocking.
Page 84
Step 2
Viewing MSOPLG.P01
Make a VBM ascii file as before (procedure P72190.DAT) and view it
in M650ED. Use code 726. See map below for bench 2360. Solid line
is DIPPER pit with reblocking and dotted line is the DIPPER pit without
re-blocking.
Page 85
Page 86
Section 9Dollar/Block Approach with Reblocked LG and Complex

Slopes
Summary
In this example we will repeat the previous exercise but this time we will use
complex slopes (i.e. slopes that vary both laterally and vertically) instead of
simple slope sectors defined by azimuths.
Complex Slopes
Program M720V4 runs the complex slope option with the LerchsGrossmann algorithm. The complex slope option requires the following
information:
1. Up to five different surfaces defining the breakpoints for slope changes
in a vertical direction. These surfaces are either input as ASCII files with
an elevation specified for each row/column in the model or as constant
elevations (i.e. horizontal surfaces).
2. Up to five ASCII files containing integer codes for each row/column.
These codes define the lateral slope sector boundaries above each
surface input in Step 1 and are used to identify the slope angles to use in
each sector above each surface.
3. A table mapping the integer codes in each ASCII file in Step 2 to the
slope angle to apply during economic pit design.
For this example we will setup the following scenario:
1. Feature Code 902 in File MSOP25.TOP defines the bottom of the
alteration zone. We will use this as our first surface for vertical slope
control.
2. Elevation 2000 defines the bottom of the model. We will use this as our
second surface for vertical slope control.
3. Feature codes 1, 2 and 3 define lateral sector boundaries to use for slope
control above these two surfaces. Within Sector 1 we will specify a
slope of 25 degrees above the alteration surface and 65 degrees below
the alteration surface (i.e., above 2000 elevation). For sector 227
above and 63 below and for sector 3 24 above and 60 below.
Page 91
You can view features 902, 1, 2, and 3 in M650ED. See plot below. Solid
lines represent feature 902. Patterned areas represent features 1, 2 and 3.
Step 1
Build ASCII file of bottom of alteration zone
Build ASCII File (ALTR.OA) of surface defining the bottom of the

alteration zone. Use Procedure p65702.dat and specify a reblocked
dimension of 40m in the E-W direction and 40m in the N-S direction.
Group = VBM
Operations = Data Convert
Procedure Desc. = Topo Grid VBM-DTM - p65702.dat
Panels
Page 92
Answer NO to Load the codes to File 13?
Page 93
Output (3 last rows)

60
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
62
62
62
62
62
62
62
62
1 10 2495.0 2495.0 2495.0 2494.7 2493.5 2487.8 2485.7 2483.7 2481.7 2480.0
11 20 2479.3 2474.1 2471.6 2469.2 2466.7 2465.0 2462.9 2458.4 2454.9 2451.5
21 30 2450.0 2450.0 2450.0 2450.0 2450.0 2450.0 2450.0 2450.0 2451.0 2453.4
31 40 2454.8 2456.2 2457.7 2459.1 2460.5 2461.9 2464.2 2465.8 2469.1 2471.2
41 50 2473.2 2475.1 2477.1 2479.2 2481.5 2484.2 2486.8 2489.2 2491.5 2493.7
51 60 2495.0 2495.0 2495.0 2495.1 2495.8 2502.2 2503.4 2504.6 2506.0 2507.4
61 70 2508.8 2510.0 2510.0 2510.0 2510.0 2510.0 2510.0 2510.0 2510.0 2510.0
71 75 2510.0 2510.0 2510.0 2510.0 2510.0
1 10 2495.0 2495.0 2495.0 2494.6 2493.4 2490.1 2484.5 2482.5 2480.5 2480.0
11 20 2479.0 2475.6 2469.8 2467.4 2465.0 2464.9 2463.6 2459.0 2453.9 2450.5
21 30 2450.0 2450.0 2450.0 2450.0 2450.0 2450.0 2450.0 2450.0 2450.0 2451.9
31 40 2454.4 2455.9 2457.3 2458.8 2460.2 2462.6 2465.0 2466.4 2468.8 2472.9
41 50 2475.0 2477.0 2478.9 2480.6 2483.1 2485.8 2488.4 2491.0 2493.2 2495.0
51 60 2495.0 2495.0 2495.0 2495.0 2495.5 2498.3 2505.3 2506.5 2507.8 2509.2
61 70 2510.0 2510.0 2510.0 2510.0 2510.0 2510.0 2510.0 2510.0 2510.0 2510.0
71 75 2510.0 2510.0 2510.0 2510.0 2510.0
1 10 2495.0 2495.0 2495.0 2494.5 2493.4 2492.2 2486.2 2481.3 2480.0 2479.8
11 20 2478.7 2477.6 2469.6 2465.5 2465.0 2464.6 2463.3 2461.6 2455.2 2450.0
21 30 2450.0 2450.0 2450.0 2450.0 2450.0 2450.0 2450.0 2450.0 2450.0 2450.3
31 40 2452.8 2455.3 2457.0 2458.5 2461.0 2465.0 2465.3 2467.0 2468.7 2472.6
41 50 2476.7 2478.8 2480.0 2482.2 2484.7 2487.4 2490.0 2492.6 2495.0 2495.0
51 60 2495.0 2495.0 2495.0 2495.0 2495.4 2496.0 2500.9 2508.3 2509.7 2510.0
61 70 2510.0 2510.0 2510.0 2510.0 2510.0 2510.0 2510.0 2510.0 2510.0 2510.0
71 75 2510.0 2510.0 2510.0 2510.0 2510.0
Step 2
Build 2 ASCII files of slope codes
File DAT610.I1 will contain the codes for defining slopes above the
alteration surface represented by file ALTR.OA and file DAT610.I2 will
contain the codes for defining slopes above the 2000 elevation (and below
the alteration surface). Run Procedure p66701.dat twice. Again, be sure to
specify reblocked dimensions of 40 for E-W and N-S directions and
associated number of blocks in each direction (i.e., 75 E-W direction and 62
in N-S direction.)
Group = VBM
Operations =Data Convert
Procedure Desc. = VBM TO 3D Block Codes - p66701.dat
Page 94

Page 95
Page 96
Output (DAT601.I1 - first few rows)

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
4
5
5
6
6
7
7
8
8
8
9
9
9
10
10
10
11
11
11
44
38
58
33
53
27
47
24
44
64
23
43
63
23
43
63
23
43
63
57
57
65
52
66
46
66
43
63
66
42
62
66
42
62
66
42
62
66
2
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
2
1
2
2
1
2
2
1
2
2
1
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
1
2
2
1
2
2
1
2
2
1
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
1
2
1
1
2
1
1
2
1
1
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
1
1
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
1
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
1
2
1
1
2
1
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
1
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
Page 97
Run the procedure again to create file DAT610.I2. Specify feature code and
slope code matching as shown below:
Now we have the necessary files to run M720V4. Use Procedure

p72003.dat. Since we are using the same procedure we used in Section 8,
lets rename the files from Section 8 to preserve them:
RENAME RUN720.O RUN720.S8
RENAME RPT720.LO RPT720.S8
RENAME MSOPLG.P01 MSOPS8.P06
Step 3
Run LG

Run $Single Run$Enter Name only$p72003.dat
Page 98

Page 99
Page 910
Page 911
Page 912
The inputs from the panels get dumped to a run file called RUN720.O and an
auxiliary file called VARSLP.DAT which is shown below.
SURFACE-1 1 1 0. 1. / ID, type1, psb#1, elev., rock
altr.oa / 2D surface file name (-1=no file)
CODE-1 2 1 / ID, type2, psb#1
dat610.I1 / 2D rock code matrix file name (-1=no file)
SURFACE-2 1 2 2000. 4. / ID, type1, psb#2, elev., rock
-1 / 2D surface file name (-1=no file)
CODE-2 2 2 / ID, type2, psb#2
dat610.I2 / 2D rock code matrix file name (-1=no file)
SLOPES-1 3 / ID label, type 3 data
1 25 / rock code, pit slope
-1 -1 / end of slope input
Page 913

Output (Files PRT720.L0 and MSOPLG.P01)
M. TONNES
of ORE
mined
M. TONNES
of WASTE mined
Stripping Ratio
Phase # 1
66825.
27235.
2918184.
35181.
31644.
92.
113.85656
512632800.
569932224.
1.1118
Cumulative
66825.
27235.
2918184.
35181.
31644.
92.
113.85656
512632800.
569932224.
1.1118
Output Surface = MSOPLG.P01
Check the results in the same manner as before (use procedure p72190.dat).
Use 736 Feature code for this pit. View the pit in M650ED.
Page 914
Step 4
Cross-Ssection through Complex Slope Pit
Use Procedure secplt.dat

Group = ADVANCED PLOTTING
Operations = Plot
Procedure Desc. = Plot TOPO, PIT, DH, 3DBM - secplt.dat
Page 915
Page 916

Output
Page 917
Page 918
Section 10Dollar/Block Approach Varying Ore Processing
Section 10Dollar/Block Approach Varying Ore Processing and

Recovery by Alteration type
In this section we will assume that:
-waste mining cost varies by bench
-ore mining cost varies by bench
-ore processing cost and recovery vary by alteration type (item ALTR; model
is already coded).
Summary
We will run a profit value/block (as in section 7) run combined with use of
variable costs by bench like in section 6.
To do so we are going to store gross values/block in file 15 and B-file and
use the variable cost/bench capability of m720v3.
Processing cost, recovery and codes are related in the following fashion:
Step 1
alteration codes
processing cost
recovery
$5/tonne
70%
$5/tonne
70%
$5/tonne
70%
$5/tonne
70%
$5/tonne
70%
$6.8/tonne
100%
Reset item VALBK
Item VALBK (where we are going to store the gross values per block)
already has values assigned, therefore, it needs to be reset.
Procedure description = RESET MODEL ITEMS - P60103.DAT
Page 101
Step 2
Calculate Gross value/block for ALTR=1,2,3,4 or 5
Assuming a price of $.90/lb of cu, a treatment cost of$.40/lb of cu and an

average ore mining cost of $1.2/tonne of cu we can calculate the following:
Net Value = (.90$/lb - .40$/lb)*70% = .35$/lb
Mine Cutoff :
.35$/lb * (cutoff) * 22.046lb/tonne = 5$/tonne +1.20 $/tonne =>
mine cutoff =6.2/(.35*22.046) =.80
Mill Cutoff:
.35$/lb * (cutoff)* 22.046 lb/tonne = 5$/tonne =>
mill cutoff = .65
Therefore:
VALBK = 16.2Ktonnes/block *.35$/lb * eqcu * 22.046lb/tonne 16.2Ktonnes/block *5$/tonne
for blocks with eqcu $.65 and ALTR = 1,2,3,4 or 5
Step 3
Calculate Gross value/block for ALTR=6
Net Value = (.90$/lb - .40$/lb)*100% = .50$/lb

Mine Cutoff :
.50$/lb * (cutoff) * 22.046lb/tonne = 6.8$/tonne +1.20 $/tonne =>
mine cutoff =8/(.50*22.046) =.73
Mill Cutoff:
.50$/lb * (cutoff)* 22.046 lb/tonne = 6.8$/tonne =>
mill cutoff = .617
VALBK = 16.2Ktonnes/block *.50$/lb * eqcu * 22.046lb/tonne 16.2Ktonnes/block *6.8$/tonne
Page 102
for blocks with eqcu $ 0.617 and ALTR = 6

Step 4
Run model calculation

Operation = CALCULATION
Procedure description = USER-CALC (MODEL) - P61201.DAT
Page 103
Page 104
Run procedure one more time changing the following two panels:
Step 5
Initialize new dipper files

Operation = INITIALIZE
Procedure description = INITIALIZE DIPPER FILES - P71701.DAT
Keep everything the same as in SECTION 7; just change the name of the Bfile to MSOPDP.GRO.
Page 105
Step 6
Transfer VALBK from file 15 to B-file

Operation = DATA CONVERT
Procedure description = CONDENSE MODEL (DIPPER)-P71890.DAT
Keep everything the same as in SECTION 7; just change the name of the Bfile to MSOPDP.GRO and the minimum value to condense to 0.1.
Step 7
Check values with M724V1
Page 106

Operation = REPORT
Procedure description = LIST B-FILE - P72401.DAT
Output:
START
OF
ROW
55
IX
KT
KO
KL
S2:
01
02
03
04
05
06
07
08
09
10
11
12
13
14
15
95
22
22
45
17997
18021:
45
18021
18045:
157
168
169
184
18069:
125
149
160
173
190
143
98
22
22
49
18069
18097:
23
49
18097
18124:
117
188
23
49
18124
18151:
185
24
104
27
75
154
23
95
100 21
162
25
118
29
75
135
21
57
33
129
32
110
129
99
95
159
115
227
119
203
129
52
114
47
120
127
18045
134
102
147
225
172
255
194
80
153
70
154
114
45
179
55
202
204
237
312
247
265
204
83
165
102
22
115
19
264
137
274
242
275
313
245
193
193
112
22
73
2
97
3
309
5
283
348
344
282
168
139
22
52
22
88
24
134
27
99
285
203
288
120
134
22
64
44
115
55
187
58
104
239
89
248
112
108
97
43
88
93
184
179
187
84
213
49
199
119
93
96
17
102
47
238
50
218
39
185
40
190
144
74
104
193
START
OF
ROW
56
IX
KT
KO
KL
S2:
01
02
03
04
05
06
07
08
09
10
11
12
13
14
15
95
22
22
45
16873
16897:
45
16897
16921:
168
153
152
164
16945:
135
147
169
165
154
178
98
22
22
45
16945
16969:
250
143
172
142
158
179
99
21
22
45
16969
16993:
217
145
118
104
95
112
100 21
22
49
16993
17021:
115
138
142
183
154
183
140
167
230
150
190
80
144
16921
140
120
163
190
185
59
192
58
254
88
198
90
134
45
175
154
204
172
238
189
323
205
274
178
224
134
119
22
265
38
289
93
295
225
280
253
254
243
202
98
125
22
112
3
348
4
348
254
310
283
149
274
134
252
152
22
322
22
343
24
105
27
103
267
104
244
108
224
153
22
325
43
332
57
347
243
120
228
102
224
113
213
128
97
232
104
242
153
108
180
97
198
72
197
84
223
117
96
44
122
44
182
48
185
50
187
40
179
47
168
164
67
118
0
74
0
78
40
87
103
Step 8
Run LG
Use procedure P72003.DAT. Use:
-variable waste and ore mining cost by bench
-variable slope by azimuth
-Gro$$ item in B-file
-Mill cutoff = 0
-Mine cutoff = 0
-Waste mining cost = .0012
-Base Ore and processing cost (PAR4) = .0012
Page 107
-Base Waste mining cost(PAR3) = .0012

Rename previous run files or dipper files if you want to keep them.
From MANAGER select:
Run $Single Run$Enter name only- P72003.DAT
Page 108
Page 109
Output:
Average GRO$$ per FEED-BLOCK
M. TONNES
of ORE
mined
M. TONNES
of WASTE mined
Stripping Ratio
Page 1010
Phase # 1
54327.
23120.
1480863.
28291.
26036.
57.
99.71520
421783200.
458314208.
1.0866
Cumulative
54327.
23120.
1480863.
28291.
26036.
57.
99.71520
421783200.
458314208.
1.0866
Section 11Create A Net Value Dipper Model
Section 11Create A Net Value Dipper Model From The Block Model
With A User Subroutine
M718V2 reads the 3-D block model file (file 15) and the 2-D surface file
(file 13) and condenses them, creating the DIPPER B-file and S-file. A user
supplied subroutine calculates the block economic values. Mintec provides a
general purpose subroutine called NETDIP for the above task. Users can
write their own subroutine to further meet the needs of the specific site.
Summary
In this example we ll use the same set up as before;

-$.90/lb of cu price (for 100% recovery and $.40/lb treatment cost it
translates to (.90-.40)*100%= $.50/lb net dollar value.
-$1.2/tonne ore and waste mining cost
-$6.8/tonne operating cost
NETDIP requires a zone and a percentage item. We can use item TOPO as
a percentage item and we need to set item XTRA1 equal to 1 for every
block in the model.
Step 1
Reset item XTRA1

Procedure description = RESET MODEL ITEMS - P60103.DAT
Page 111
Step 2
Initialize a new DIPPER set of files.

Procedure description = INITIALIZE DIPPER FILES - P71701.DAT
Panels (that need to be changed from previous runs):
Step 3
Run NETDIP
Costs and factors are divided by 1000 for storage purposes.

From MANAGER menu select:
Procedure Description = CONDENSE $-VALUE (DIPPER) NETDIP.DAT
Page 112
Page 113
Step 4
Run L.G.
Do not enter any waste or ore mining costs. All of the blocks below
topography have been condensed, and all types off costs have been already
included in VALBK (B-file item).
Operations = CALCULATION
Procedure description = NET$$ LG PIT (SIMPLE SLOPES) P72031.DAT
Page 114
Output:
M. TONNES
of ORE
mined
M. TONNES
of WASTE mined
Stripping Ratio
Phase # 1
73004.
28705.
2951529.
44299.
28705.
103.
130.49611
465020992.
717643776.
1.5433
Cumulative
73004.
28705.
2951529.
44299.
28705.
103.
130.49611
465020992.
717643776.
1.5433
Output Surface = MSOPLG.NET
Make a VBM feature out of MSOPLG.NET and view it in M650ED

(dotted line). Compare it with feature 726 (solid line).
Page 115
Page 116
Section 12Adding Mining Restrictions
Section 12Adding Mining Restrictions to Dipper Using String

Boundary
This section describes a method for adding mining restrictions to the
condensed model.
Summary
To prevent the floating cone or the Lerchs-Grossmann method from crossing

boundaries such as creek limits, property boundaries, etc., a string boundary
(or multiple string boundaries) can be used to outline the area(s). The blocks
defined by this boundary (or boundaries) are then set to restricted within the
Condensed Surface File (S-File).
Step 1
Digitize boundary.
The first step is to enter the string boundary into a VBM file. Here, two
situations must be considered, the one of a complete restriction on all sides,
and an isolated restriction on one or more sides. If a complete restriction is
required on all sides, the string must be digitized ANTI-CLOCKWISE, and
be a CLOSED polygon. Then an additional string must be digitized
CLOCKWISE around the Model Limits, and must be CLOSED also. The
string may be on any horizontal plane, and should have a UNIQUE
FEATURE CODE. In order for M667V1 to determine the blocks that are
OUTSIDE the inner restricting string, adhering to the direction of digitizing
for these two strings is necessary.
If only one or more sides needs to be restricted, the situation is different.
Digitize this area(s) CLOCKWISE, following the desired edge of the pit,
then extending outward away from the pit and CLOSING the string.
Situations may occur when several of these smaller restrictions are necessary
and thus several polygons are used to restrict the upper limit of the designed
pit. Because these are digitized CLOCKWISE, M667V1 will determine the
blocks defined INSIDE these string boundaries.
In following map we have digitized a boundary (thick line) where we would
like to stop the expansion of the pit.
Step 2
Transfer restrictions to S-file
Next, in Manager, select procedure p66704.dat which first uses program

M667V1 to compute the blocks defined by the string outline(s). Enter the
name of the VBM File containing the sting outline(s), the name of the ASCII
output file, the feature code, and plane number where digitized. M667V1
will output an ASCII file of rows and columns as defined by the string
boundary(s). Click on the toggle to transfer mining restrictions to your
S-File, and enter the names for your Condensed Model, S-File, and the new
Restricted S-File. The procedure will run program M729V1 to add the
mining restrictions to the new S-File, then M721V1 to view the symbol map
of the resulting surface. Check this map carefully to ensure the "-" symbol
correctly defines the restricted area(s). This new S-File name should be used
Page 121
in the subsequent Floating Cone or Lerchs-Grossmann run, and will ensure

the cone does not cross the boundary(s).

Group = VBM
Procedure description = COMPUTE BLOCK CODES PARTIALS FOR
MINING RESTRICTIONS - P66704.DAT
Page 122
Output (partial):
77*6666679AA987665445567889ABBCDDDCCCCDDDEEFGGGFFEDDCCCCDEEFFFGGGGGHIIIJJJJJJJJKKKKKKKKKKLLLLLLLMMMMMMMMMMMMMNNNNNNNNNNNNOO
76*6666668AA987765555567789AABCDDDDDDDDDDEFFGGGFFEDDDCCDDEFFGGGHGGHIIIIJJJJJJJKKKKKKKKKKLLLLLLLMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMNNNNNNNNNOOOO
75*66666679A998765655556789AABCDDEEEDDDDDEFGGGGFEEDDDDDDEEFGGGHHHHHIIJJJJJJJJKKKKKKKKKKLLLLLLMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMNNNNNNOOOOOOO
74*66666679AA998766655567799ABCCDEEEEEDDEEFGGGGFEEDDDDDDEFGGGHHHHHIIJJJJJJJJJJKKKKKKKKLLLLLLLMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMNNNNOOOOOOOOO
73*66666679AAA98877766666789ABBCDEEEEEEEEEFGGGGGFEEDDDEEFFGGHHHHHHIIJJJJJJJJJJJKKKKKKKLLLLLLLLMMMMMMMLMMMMMMMMNNNNOOOOOOOOO
72*56666678AAAA98887766677889ABCCDEEEEEEFFFFGGGGGFEEEEEFFGHHHHIIIIIIIJJJJJJJJJJKKKKKKLLLLLLLLLLMMMLLLLLMMMMMMMNNNNNOOOOOOO71*556666789AAAA9988776777889ABBCDEFFFFFFFFGGGGGGGFEEFFFGHHHHHIIIIIIIJJJJJJJJKKKKKKKKLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLMMMMMMMNNNNNNOOOO--70*555666789AAAAA998877888899ABBCDEFFFFFFGGGGGGHGGFFFFGGHHIIIIIIIIIIIJJJJJJJJKKKKKKKLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLMMMMMMMNNNNNNNOO---69*5556667899ABAAA9998888899AABBCEFFFFFFGGGGGGHHHGFFFGGHHIIIIIIIIIIIIJJJJJJJJKKKKKKKLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLMMMMMMNNNNNNNN----68*5556666789ABBAAAA9999999AABBCCEFFFFFFGGGHHHHHHGFFFGGHIIIIIIIIJJJJJJJJJJJJKKKKKKKKLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLKKLLMMMMMNNNNNNN-----67*5555666789AABBAAAAAAAA9AABCCDDEFGGFGGGGHHHHHHGGGGGGHHIIIJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJKKKKKKKKKLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLKKKKKLMMMMNNNNNN------66*55556667899ABBBBBBBBBAABBBCDEEFFGGGGGGGGHHHHGGGGGGHHIIIJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJKKKKKKKKLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLKKKKLMMMMNNNNNN------65*45556667889AABCCCCCCCBBCCCDEEFFGGGGGGGGGHHHHHGGGGGHIIIJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJKKKKKKKKLLLLLLLLLLLLLLMMLLKKKLLMMMMMNNNN-------64*445566677899ABBBCCCCCCCCDDEEFFFGGGGGGGGGHIHHHGGGGGHIIJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJKKKKKKKKLLLLLLLLLLMMMMMMMMLLLLMMMMMMMNNN--------63*445566677889AAABCCCCCDDDDEEEFFFGGGGGGGGGHIIHGGGGGGHIIJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJKKKKKKKKKLLLLLLLLLMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMN---------62*4455666778899AAABCCCCDDDDDDEEEEFGGHHGGGGHIHHGGGGGGHIIJJJJJJJJJJJJKJJJJKKKKKKKKKLLLLLLLLLLMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM---------61*444566677889AAAABBCCCCDDDDDDDDEEFGHHHHHHHIHHGGGGGHIIIJJJJJJJJJKKKKKJJKKKKKKKKKKLLLLLLLLLLMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM----------60*4445666778899A99ABBCCCCCCCCCCCDEEFGHHHHHIIIHHGGGHIIIIJJJJJJJJJKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKLLLLLLLLLLMMMMMMMMMLLLMMMMMMM-----------59*44455667788999889AABBBBBBBBBBCCDEFGHHHHIIIIIHGGHHIIIJJJJJJJJJJKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKLLLLLLLLLLMMMMMMMMMLLLLLMMMMM-----------58*444456677888887899ABBBAAABBBABCCDEFGHIIIIIIIHHHHIIIIJJJJJJJJJJKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKLLLLLLLLLLMMMMMMMMLLLLLLMMMM------------57*444456677888877789AAAAA9AAAAAABCDEFGHHIIIIIIIHHIIIIJJJJJJJJJJKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKLLLLLLLLLLLMMMMMMMLLLLLLMMM-------------56*4444556677888766789AAA999A999ABCDEFFGHHIIIIIIIIIIJJJJJJJJJJJKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKLLLLLLLLLLLMMMMMMMLLLLLMMMM-------------55*44444566778877667899A998999999ACDDEFFGGHHIIIIIIIJJJJJJJJJJJJKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKLLLLLLLLLLLMMMMLLLLLLLLMMM--------------54*444445667788776667899988888999ABCDDEFFGGHHIIIIIIJJJJJJJJJJJJKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLMMMM--------------53*444445567778776667788888888999ABCDDEFFGGHHIIIIIIIJJJJJJJJJJJKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLMMMM--------------52*44444456677877666677888888899AABCDDEFGGHHIIIIIIIIIIJJJJJJJJKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLMMM---------------51*44444456677776655667777788899ABCDDDEFGGHHHHIIIIIIIIIJJJJJJJKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLMMM---------------50*44444445677776555566777778899ABCCDEFFGGGGGHHIIIIIIIIIJJJJJJJJJKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLMMM---------------49*44444445667766544456666777889ABBCDDEFFFFFGGHHIIIIIIIIIJJJJJJJJJKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLMM----------------48*344444446666665444455566778889ABCCDEEEEFFFGGHHIIIHHIIIIJJJJJJJJJJKKKKKKKKKKKKKLLLLLLLKKKLLLLLLLLLLLLLMM----------------47*334444445666655444445566778889ABBCCDDDDEEFFGHHHHHHHIIIIIJJJJJJJJJJKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKLLLLLLLLLLLMMMM----------------46*333444445666555444444566778889AABBBCCCCDEEFFGGHHHHHIIIIIIJJJJJJJJJKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKLLLLLLLLLLMMMMM----------------45*233344445665554444444566788899AAABBBCCCCDEEFFGGGHHHIIIIIIIJJJJJJJJKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKLLLLLLLLMMMMM-----------------44*223334445655444444444567789999AAABBBBCCCDEEFFFGGHHIIIIIIIIJJJJJJJJKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKLLLLLLLMMMMMM-----------------43*2233334455544444444456678899AAAAABBBBCCDDEEFFFGGHHIIIIIIIIJJJJJJJKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKLLLLLLLMMMMMM-----------------42*222334445554333444455678899AABBABBCCCCDEEFFFGGHHHHIIIIIIIIJJJJJJJKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKLLLLLLLMMMMMM------------------41*22233445555433334445678899AABBBBBCCCDDEEFFGGGHHHHHIIIIIIIJJJJJJJKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKLLLLLLLLMMMMMM------------------40*2223344555443333345667899AABBBCCCCDDDEEFFGGGGHGGGHHIIIIIIJJJJJJJKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKLLLLLLLLLMMMMM------------------39*2222344555443333445677899ABBBCCDDDDEEEFFFGGGGGGFGGHHIIIIJJJJJJJJKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKLLLLLLLLLLLMMM-------------------38*2222334454443333445677889AABCCCDDDEEFFFFFFFFFFFFGGHHIIIIJJJJJJJJJJJJJKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKLLLLLLLLLLLLLLM-------------------37*2222233444443333345677899AABCCDDEEEFFFFFFEEEEEFFGGHHIIIIJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJKKKKKKKKKKKKKLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL-------------------36*12222334444433333456678899ABBCDDEEEFFFEEEEDDDEFFGGHHIIIIIJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJKKKKKKKKKKKKLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL-------------------35*11112234444433223445677889AABBCDDDEEEEEEDDDDDEFGGGHHIIIIIIIIJJJJJJJJJJJJJKKKKKKKKKKKKLLLLLLKKKLLLLL--------------------34*111112344443322223455677889AABCCCDDDDDDDDDDDEEFGGHHHIIIIIIIIJJJJJJJJJJJJJKKKKKKKKKKKKLLLLLKKKKLLLLL--------------------33*1111123344433222223456677899ABBBCCDDDDCCCCDDEEFGGGHHIIIIIIIIIJJJJJJJJJJJJKKKKKKKKKKKLLLLLKKKKKLLLLL--------------------32*1111122344433222223455667789AAABBCCCCCCCCCCDDEFGGGHHHHIIIIIIIIJJJJJJJJJJJKKKKKKKKKKKKLLLKKKKKKLLLL---------------------31*111112234443322222344566777899AAABCCCCCCCCCCDEFGGHHHHHHIIIIIIIJJJJJJJJJJJKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKLKKKLLLL---------------------30*11111123343332222234556677788999ABCCCCCCCCCCDEFFGGGHHHHIIIIIIIIJJJJJJJJJJKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKLLLLL---------------------29*1111112333333333334556777788899AABCCDDDDDDDDDEEFFGGHHHHIIIIIIIIIJJJJJJJJJKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKLLLL---------------------28*111111233333333344556778888889AABCCDDEEEDDDDDEEEFGGHHHIIIIIIIIIIJJJJJJJJJJKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKLL----------------------27*21111222333333334566678899999AABBCDDEEEEEEEEEEEEFGHHIIIIIIIIIIIIIJJJJJJJJJKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK----------------------26*22111222333333334567778999AAABBCCCDEEEFFFFFFFFFFGGHIIIIIIIIIIIIIIJJJJJJJJJKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK----------------------25*222222223333333445678889AAABBBCCDDEEEFFFGGGGGFGGGHIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIJJJJJJJKKKKKKKKKJJKKKKKKKKKKK----------------------24*222222222333333445678899ABBCCCDDEEEFFFGGGGGHHGGGHIIIHHHHIIHHHIIIIIIIIJJJJJJKKKKKKKKJJJJKKKKKKKKKK----------------------23*32222222223333344567889AABCCDDDEEFFFGGGGGGGHHHHHHIHHHGHHHHHHHIIIIIIIIIJJJJJKKKKKKKKJIIJKKKKKKKKKK----------------------22*22222222223333345667889ABBCDDEEEFFFGGGGGGGGGHHHHHHHGGGGGGHHHHIIIIIIIIIIJJJJKKKKKKKKJIIJJKKKKKKKKK----------------------21*32322222222333455678899ABCCDEEEFFFFFFFGGGFFGGGHHHHGGFGGGGHHHIIIIIIIIIIIIJJJJKKKKKKJJIIJJKKKKKKKKK----------------------20*22222222222333346678999ACCDEEEFFFFFFEFFFFFFFGGGGGGFFFFFGGGHHIIIIIIIIIIIIIJJJKKKKKKJJIIJJKKKKKKKKK----------------------19*2222222221223334567899ABCCDDEEFFFFFEEEFFEEEFFGGGGFEEEEFFGGHHIIIHHHHIIIIIIJJJJJJJKKKJIIIJJKJJJJJJKK---------------------18*222222211122333456789ABBCCCDDEEFFFEDDEEEEEEEFFGGFFEDDEEFGGHHHIHHHHHHIIIIIJJJJJJJJJJJIIIJJJJJJJJJKK---------------------17*222222111112233456789ABCCCCCCDEFFFEDDDEDDDDEEFFFFEDDDDEFGHHHHHHGHHHHIIIIJJJJJJJJJJJJIIJJJJJIIIJJJK---------------------16*222221111112234567789ABCCBBCCDEEFEEDDDDDDCDDEEEEEEDDDDEFGHHHHGGGGHHHIIIIJJJJJJJJIIJJJJJIIIIIIIIIJK---------------------15*222211111111234567899AABBBBBCDEFEEDCCCCCCCCDDEEDDDDDDDEFGHHHGGFGGGHHHIIIJJJJJJJIIIIJJIIIIIHHHHHIJJ---------------------14*2222111111112344678899AAAABBCDDEEEDCCCCCCCCCDDDDDCDDDDEFGGGGFFFFFGGHHIIJJJJJIIIIIIIIIIIIHHHGGGHIIJ---------------------13*222111111111233456789999AABBCDEEEDCBBBCCBBBCCCCCCCCDEEFGGGGFFEEEFFGHHIIJJIIIIIIHHHHIIIIHHGGGGGGHIJ---------------------12*2222111111122344567889999ABCDDEEEDCBBBBBBBBBBCCBBCCDEEFGGGGFEEEEEFGHHIIIIIIIIIHHHHHHIIIHHGGGGGGHII---------------------11*2222111111222344567788899ABCDDEEDCBAAABBAAAABBBBBCDDEFFGGFFEEDDDEFGHHIIIIIIIIIHHGGHHHIIHHGGGGGGHII---------------------10*2222211112222334566777889ABCDDDDDCBAAAAAAAAAAAAABCDDEFFGGFEEDDDDEFGGHIIIIIIHIIHGGGGHHIIHHGFFFGGHII---------------------9*2222211122222334456667789ABCCDDDDCBA99999999999AABCDEFFGFEEDDCCCDEFGHIIIHHHHHHHGGGGHHIHHGGFFFGGHII---------------------8*2222221222222233455667789ABBCCDDCCBA999999988899ABCDDEFFFEDCCBBCDEFGHIIIHHHHHGGGGGGHHHHHGGFFFGHHII---------------------7*2222222222222233445666789AABCCCDCCBA988888888889ABCCDEEFEEDCBBBCDEFGHIIIHHHHGGGFGGGHHHGGGGFFFFGHII---------------------6*22222222222222334455677899ABBCCCCCBA987777778889ABBCDDEEEDDBBBBCDEFGHIIIHHGGGFFFFGGHGGGGGFFFFFGHII---------------------5*22222222222222334455667899AABBCCCBBA987777778899ABCCDDEEEDCBBBBCDEFGHIIIHHGGFFFFFFGGGGFFFFEEEFGHII---------------------4*222222222222223334556677899AABCCCBAA98766667889AABCCDDEEDDCBBBCCDEFGGHIIHHGGFEEEFFGGGGFFFEEEEFGHII---------------------3*2222222222222233344556677889ABBBBBA988766667789AABCCDDEEDCCBBBCDDEFFGHHHHHGFFEEEEFGGGGFEEEEEEFGGHH---------------------2*2222222222222333344455566789AABBBBA9876666677899ABCCDDDDDCCBBCDDEFFGGGHHGGGGFEDDEFFGGFEEDDDDEEFGHH---------------------1*22222222222233333344445667889ABBBAA887666677889AABCCCCCDDCCCCCDEFFGGGGGGGGGGFEDDEEFGFEEDDDDDEEFGGG---------------------+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
Page 123
Step 3
Run LG

Group= DIPPER MINE PLANS
Operations = CALCULATION
Procedure description = NET$$ LG PIT (SIMPLE SLOPE) - P72031.DAT
Panels:
Page 124

Step 4
Compare pits with and without mining restrictions.
Make a VBM feature using procedure P72190.DAT. View pit in M650ED.

See following maps.
Without restrictions:
With restrictions:
Page 125
Page 126
Appendix
Appendix
Appendix
Floating Cone
Economic
Evaluation
Detailed Example /
Calculation
1. Economic input variables

Example
Item
Metal price
$1.15/lb cu
Overall recovery
85%
Treatment costs
$0.55/lb cu
Waste mining cost
$0.90/ton waste
Ore mining + Processing cost $3.25/ton ore (based on 0.90/ton mining +
2.35/ton processing)
Notes:
a. Prices and treatment costs are in terms of the metal being produced (e.g.
lb copper, oz gold) whereas mining and processing costs are in terms of tons
or rock (or waste).
b. Treatment costs include any cost normally accounted for on a lb metal
basis: smelting, refining, marketing, transportation, sxew, overheads etc...
c. Ore processing costs include any cost normally accounted for on a ton ore
basis: crushing/conveying, grincing, flotation, rehandling, heap preparation
etc..
2. Use economic input variables to calculate:

- net value/lb
- mine cutoff grade
- mill cutoff grade
- net value/lb = (price - treatment cost) * recovery = (1.15-.055) * .85 = $.51

/lb cu
- mine cutoff grade is the grade that will cover ore mining and processing
cost:
net value for a ton of ore w/ x %cu grade is
x/100 * 2,000lb/ton x $0.51/lb = x * 20 * 0.51
Mining and processing cost for a ton of ore = $3.25/ton of ore
Mine cutoff grade is found by solving for x
Page a1
Appendix
x*20*0.51 = 3.25 =>

x = 0.319%cu
-Mill cutoff grade is the grade that will cover the ore processing cost only:
net value is same as above (x*20*0.51)
processing cost for a ton of ore is $2.35 (3.25-0.90).
Solve for x:
x*20*0.51 = 2.35 => x = 0.230%cu
3. Cone evaluation
-The base of a an inverted cone is positioned in each block having grade
$mine cutoff
-Cone is projected up to surface at a specified angle
-Profit for each block is calculated inside cone where profit = revenue - cost
-The profits for all the blocks inside the cone are added together and
if sum$0 cone is mined
if sum < 0 cone is not mined.
Section X-X
50x50 blocks; y axis is elevation; block values are %cu
0.43
1.3
0.92
1.05
0.26
0.30
0.70
0.74
0.68
The section above shows:

7 blocks above mine cutoff of 0.319%cu
2 blocks above mill cutoff of 0.230%cu
All remaining blocks are waste with cu grade below mill cutoff. Surface is flat.
In this example 7 cones will be evaluated in top down order. Each block above mine cut-off will serve as
a cone base. Pit slope angle will be 45o.
Page a2
Appendix
0.43
1.3
0.92
1.05
0.26
0.30
0.70
0.74
0.68
where , etc is the cone #.

Cone Evaluation Order
Cone Number
Base Ore Block
1
0.43
2
1.30
3
0.92
4
1.05
5
0.70
6
0.74
7
0.68
Assumptions:
Block size: 50x50x50
Tonnage Factor: 12.5ft3/ton
Tons/block: 50x50x50 / 12.5 = 10,000
Net value: $0.51/lb cu
Ore mining and processing cost: $3.25/ton
Waste mining cost: $0.90/ton
Equations for calculating profit/block values when profit = revenue - costs:
1 Waste blocks:
revenue = 0
cost = 10,000 tons* $0.90/ton = $9,000
profit = 0 -9000 = -9,000
2 Blocks between mine and mill cutoff:
revenue = (%cu*20) lb/ton * $0.51/lb *10,000ton= 102,000 (%cu)
cost = 10,000tons * $3.25/tons = $32,500
profit = (102,000)(%cu) - 32,500
3 Blocks above mine cutoff:
Page a3
Appendix
Same as in case 2.
Profit = (102,000)(%cu)-32,500
Cone #1 evaluation
0.43
block type
# of blocks
profit
waste
-27,000
between mine and

mill cutoff
above mine cutoff
+11,360
total
-15,640
decision
dont mine cone
Cone #2 evaluation
0.43
1.30
block type
# of blocks
profit
waste
-63,000
between mine and

mill cutoff
above mine cutoff
+111,460
total
+48,460
Page a4
decision
mine cone
Appendix
Cone #3 evaluation
0.92
block type
# of blocks
profit
waste
-54,000
between mine and

mill cutoff
above mine cutoff
+61,340
total
+7,340
decision
mine cone
Cone #4 evaluation
1.05
block type
# of blocks
profit
waste
-72 ,000
between mine and

mill cutoff
above mine cutoff
+74,600
decision
Page a5
Appendix
+2,600
mine cone
block type
# of blocks
profit
decision
waste
-36,000
between mine and

mill cutoff
above mine cutoff
+38,900
total
+2,905
mine cone
decision
total
Cone #5 evaluation
0.70
Cone #6 evaluation
0.26
0.74
block type
# of blocks
profit
waste
-36,000
Page a6
Appendix
between mine and

mill cutoff
-5,980
above mine cutoff
+42,980
total
+1,000
mine cone
decision
Cone #7 evaluation
0.30
0.68
block type
# of blocks
profit
waste
-36,000
between mine and

mill cutoff
-1,900
above mine cutoff
+36,860
total
-1,040
dont mine cone
4. Comments
A Only blocks with values grater than the mine cutoff will be used as
cone bases
B Higher ore blocks are evaluated before lower ore blocks.
C Ore block profit from higher uneconomic cones will assist the ore
block at the base of a cone at a lower elevation (see cone #2)
D Blocks between mine ans mill cutoff have enough values to pay for
their processing cost but not enough to pay all of their mining cost.
Page a7
Appendix
If the ore block at the base of the cone can cover this unpaid part of
the mining cost plus the waste block mining costs then the cone
can be mined economically (as in cone #6)
If the ore block in the bottom of the cone cannot cover the unpaid
part of the mining cost plus the waste block mining costs then the
cone cannot be mined economically (as in cone #7).
Page a8
Appendix
2-D Lerchs-Grossmann Economic Evaluation Detailed Example

Assumptions:
45 degrees slope
mij = vij - cij (revenue - costs)
Block Values mij :

i
10
11
12
-9
-9
-9
-9
-9
-9
-9
-9
-9
-9
-9
-9
-9
-9
-9
-9
-9
+11
-9
-9
-9
-9
-9
-9
-9
-9
-9
-9
-9
-9
+100
-9
-9
-9
-9
-9
-9
-9
-9
-9
-9
+61
-9
-6
-2
-9
-9
-9
-9
-9
-9
+75
+39
-9
-9
-9
-9
-9
-9
-9
-9
-9
+43
+37
-9
-9
Step 1
Add row 0 (with zero values) and column 0 (with same values as column 1).
i
10
11
12
-9
-9
-9
-9
-9
-9
-9
-9
-9
-9
-9
-9
-9
-9
-9
-9
-9
-9
-9
+11
-9
-9
-9
-9
-9
-9
-9
-9
-9
-9
-9
-9
-9
+100
-9
-9
-9
-9
-9
-9
-9
-9
-9
-9
-9
+61
-9
-6
-2
-9
-9
-9
-9
-9
-9
-9
+75
+39
-9
-9
-9
-9
-9
-9
-9
-9
-9
-9
+43
+37
-9
-9
Page a9
Appendix
Step 2
Column by column top down cumulative sums of mij

i
10
11
12
-9
-9
-9
-9
-9
-9
-9
-9
-9
-9
-9
-9
-9
-18
-18
-18
-18
-18
-18
+2
-18
-18
-18
-18
-18
-18
-27
-27
-27
-27
-27
-27
-7
+82
-27
-27
-27
-27
-27
-36
-36
-36
-36
-36
-36
+54
+73
-33
-29
-36
-36
-45
-45
-45
-45
-45
+39
+93
+64
-42
-38
-45
-54
-54
-54
-54
-54
+30
+136
+101
-51
-47
Step 3
Left to right cumulative sums of Pij

P0j = 0
Pij = mij + max of (Pi-1,j-1, Pi,j-1,Pi+1,j-1)
Page a10
Appendix
Example:
P02 = 0
P21 = m21 + max (P10,P20,P30)= -18 + max (-9,-18,-27) = -18-9 = -27
P49 = m49 + max (P38,P48,P58) = -29 + max (+88,+116,+144) = -29 +144 = +115
i
10
11
12
-9
-9
-9
-9
-9
-9
-9
-9
-9
+58
+61
+62
+61
-18
-27
-27
-27
-27
-27
-7
-25
+67
+70
+71
+70
+52
-27
-45
-54
-54
-54
-54
-34
+85
+88
+89
+88
+61
+43
-36
-63
-81
-90
-90
-90
+3
+115
+116
+115
+79
+52
-45
-81
-108
-126
-135
-51
+42
+149
+144
+106
+70
-54
-99
-135
-162
-180
-105
+85
+186
+135
+97
Step 4
Find Max m1j.

Make a path connecting max m1j with max m k,j-1 (k = 1,2).
Continue connecting the last mij with the max m k,j-1 (k=i-1,i,i+1)
In the our case the highlighted path below is the optimum contour.
i
10
11
12
-9
-9
-9
-9
-9
-9
-9
-9
-9
+58
+61
+62
+61
-18
-27
-27
-27
-27
-27
-7
-25
+67
+70
+71
+70
+52
-27
-45
-54
-54
-54
-54
-34
+85
+88
+89
+88
+61
+43
-36
-63
-81
-90
-90
-90
+3
+115
+116
+115
+79
+52
-45
-81
-108
-126
-135
-51
+42
+149
+144
+106
+70
-54
-99
-135
-162
-180
-105
+85
+186
+135
+97
Floating Cone vs. Lerchs-Grossmann (2-D)

Page a11
Appendix
1. Over mining with Floating Cone
-1
-1
-4
-1
-1
-1
+5
-4
+5
-1
-2
-3
+3
-3
-2
The situation above (highlighted blocks) gives a total value of +1

Lets apply L-G.
Add extra row, column:
-1
-1
-1
-4
-1
-1
-1
-1
+5
-4
+5
-1
-2
-2
-3
+3
-3
-2
Top to down column by column cumulative mij:
-1
-1
-1
-4
-1
-1
-2
-2
+4
-8
+4
-2
-4
-4
+1
-5
+1
-4
Page a12
Appendix
Left to right cumulative Pij:
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
+2
-2
-3
+3
-5
+3
+1
-4
-6
-2
-2
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
+2
-2
-3
+3
-5
+3
+1
-4
-6
-2
-2
-1
-1
Optimum path:
The total value of blocks mined (using original values) is +2 (over mining of waste was avoided).
2. Undermining with Floating Cone
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-2
-2
-2
-2
-2
-2
-2
-3
-3
+10
-3
+10
-3
-3
Nothing can be mined in the above example.
Page a13
Appendix
Lets run L-G.

Add row, column:
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-2
-2
-2
-2
-2
-2
-2
-2
-3
-3
-3
+10
-3
+10
-3
-3
Top down, column by column cumulative mij:
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-3
-3
-3
-3
-3
-3
-3
-3
-6
-6
-6
+7
-6
+7
-6
-6
Left to right cumulative Pij:
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
+3
-3
-4
-4
-4
-3
+4
+1
-6
-9
-10
+3
-3
+7
+1
-2
Page a14
Appendix
Optimum path:
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
+3
-3
-4
-4
-4
-3
+4
+1
-6
-9
-10
+3
-3
+7
+1
-2
The total value (based on original values) of the highlighted blocks is +3, therefore they will be mined.
Page a15
Appendix
Technical Papers
The following technical papers have been included for your reference.
Optimum Design of Open-Pit Mines, Helmut Lerchs & Ingo F. Grossmann

Joint C.O.R.S. and O.R.S.A. Conference, Montreal, May 27-29, 1964
Pit Optimization, 1998 Mintec Seminar
Dipper Pit Designs, 1997 Mintec Seminar
Dipper Open Pit Design, 1996 Mintec Seminar (revised January 1999)
Page a16

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MEDSYSTEM

Open Pit Optimization

Section 3Training Project / Outlines

Open Pit Optimization Training Workbook

Open Pit Optimization Training Workbook

Section 2Dipper Pit Analysis

Section 2Dipper Pit Analysis / Overview

The economic parameters considered in determining the DIPPER pits are:

The pit designer has several options available for:

The economics can be handled in the following ways:

Open Pit Optimization Training Workbook

Section 2Dipper Pit Analysis

2a. Use DOLLAR/TONNE (net or gross value) approach when:

Pit slope criteria can be input in three ways:

Constant slope throughout the pit

Open Pit Optimization Training Workbook

Section 2Dipper Pit Analysis

If we only put the two azimuths in the run file:

Section 2Dipper Pit Analysis

Program M720V1 - Floating Cone with any of the economic options

The concept of the floating cone is to superimpose a frustum of an inverted

Open Pit Optimization Training Workbook

Section 2Dipper Pit Analysis

The advantages of the LG is that the algorithm provides a rigorous true

The DIPPER programs within MEDSYSTEM operate on a set of data

M717V1 is used to initialize a DIPPER set. The limits and

Open Pit Optimization Training Workbook

Section 2Dipper Pit Analysis

M729V1 allows the limiting of pits by other pits, adding pits

S-File 600 rows x 600 columns

B-File 5,000,000 words (5,000,000 blocks if 1 block/word,

The addition of roads. It is impossible to design the road system

Pit smoothing to make the design practical. This includes smoothing

Changes in assumptions for pit slopes, road widths and bench

Changes in economic assumptions and forecasts.

Open Pit Optimization Training Workbook

Section 2Dipper Pit Analysis

Open Pit Optimization Training Workbook

Section 2Dipper Pit Analysis

Open Pit Optimization Training Workbook

Section 3Training Project

Section 3Training Project / Outlines

Open Pit Optimization Training Workbook

Section 3Training Project

Open Pit Optimization Training Workbook

Section 4Familiarization with Deposit

Section 4Familiarization with Deposit

Deposit and File

The deposit we will be calculating an optimum pit for is a large

Open Pit Optimization Training Workbook

Section 4Familiarization with Deposit

Open Pit Optimization Training Workbook

Section 4Familiarization with Deposit

Open Pit Optimization Training Workbook

Section 4Familiarization with Deposit

Open Pit Optimization Training Workbook

Section 4Familiarization with Deposit

Before designing a final pit and developing a mining plan, it is always a

Exercise 1 Viewing the

To start a project in MineSight , type MS2 in the working directory. Click

Importing Topography from File 13

Open Pit Optimization Training Workbook

Section 4Familiarization with Deposit

To aid in orienting yourself with the Viewer, go to File$Project