Nama

: Nuraini

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: 2016120005

Program Studi : B. Inggris 1

simple present tense

(verbs)
Definition

In English grammar, the simple present tense is a form of

the verb that refers to an action or event that is ongoing or that
regularly takes place in present time (for example, "He crieseasily").
(For other possible meanings of the simple present, see the
observations below by Ron Cowan and Michael Pearce.)
Except in the case of be, the simple present is represented in English
by either the base form of the verb (e.g., "I/You/We/They sing") or the
base form plus the third-person singular -s inflection("She sings").
A verb in the simple present tense can appear alone as the main
verb in a sentence. This finite verb form is called "simple" because it
doesn't involve aspect.
See Examples and Observations below. Also see:

Present Tense
Futurate
Gnomic Present
Habitual Present
Historical Present and Literary Present
Present Progressive
Sequence of Tenses

Six Ways to Use the Present Tense in English

Tense and Tense Shift
Third-Person Singular Verb Ending
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Examples and Observations

"The wheels on the bus go round and round,

round and round, round and round.
The wheels on the bus go round and round,
all through the town!"
(Verna Hills, "The Wheels on the Bus," 1939)

"I push the light switch button andclickthe light goes on.
I push the lawn mower button andvoomit mows the lawn.
I push the root beer button andwhooshit fills my cup.
I push the glove compartment button andclackit opens up.
I push the TV button andzapthere's Wyatt Earp.
I push my belly button.
BURP!"
(Shel Silverstein, "Push Button." The Light in the Attic. HarperCollins,
1981)

"Home is that youthful region where a child is the only real living
inhabitant. Parents, siblings, and neighbors are mysterious apparitions,
who come, go, and do strange unfathomable things in and around the
child, the region's only enfranchised citizen."
(Maya Angelou, "Home." Letter to My Daughter. Random House, 2008)

"A jerk . . . is a man (or woman) who is utterly unable to see himself
as he appears to others. He has no grace, he is tactless without meaning
to be, he is a bore even to his best friends, he is an egotist without
charm. All of us are egotists to some extent, but most of usunlike the
jerkareperfectly and horribly aware of it when we make asses of
ourselves. The jerk never knows."
(Sidney J. Harris, "A Jerk." Last Things First, 1961)

Basic Meanings of the Simple Present

"The simple present tense expresses states, as exemplified in (8),

and habitual action, as in (9). Notice that the verbs in (8) are stative
verbs. The habitual action meaning of the simple present . . . generally
requires the presence of time expressions (e.g., every Friday, regularly,
always + time), as illustrated in (9).
states
(8a) The lake looks like it's frozen.
(8b) He seems to be confused.
(8c) She owns three rare Chinese vases.
habitual actions
(9a) He eats steak and kidney pie every Sunday.
(9b) They always go to the mosque on Friday.
In a third meaning usually included in textbooks, the simple present
expresses what are often referred to as general statements of
fact or scientific truths. This meaning . . . is actually a variation of the
first meaning mentioned, since these statements of fact or scientific
truths are usually expressed with stative verbs such as be, exist,
equal, thrive, and so on, or with ergative verbs that carry an inherent
change of state meaning such as boil, cool, dissolve, expand, freeze,
grow, harden, rise, and so on. . .
"Another meaning of the simple present tense that is also
common . . . is that of future tense. In this meaning, . . . the simple
present tense is accompanied by time expressions such as eight
o'clock, at dawn, or tomorrow."
(Ron Cowan, The Teacher's Grammar of English. Cambridge
University Press, 2008)

Seven Main Meanings of the Simple Present Tense

"Present tense (or 'simple' present tense) forms are used to express seven

main meanings:
1) Permanent state: Jupiter is a very massive planet.
2) General truth: The earth is round.
3) Habitual action: Her daughter works in Rome.
4) 'Live' commentary: In each case I add the two numbers: three plus
three gives six . . ..
5) Performative: I pronounce you man and wife (see speech-act theory).
6) Past time (see historic present): He moves to the window alongside,

and sees her inside the office moving away from the door. He shoots twice
through the window and kills her.
7) Future time: My flight leaves at four thirty this afternoon."
(Michael Pearce, The Routledge Dictionary of English Language Studies.
Routledge, 2007)

Simple Present vs. Present Progressive

"English differs from languages like French in opposing the simple

present to a progressive present. In English, present-tense event
predications, if intended as reports upon circumstances ongoing at
present, must appear in the present progressive. Thus, a sentence
like He falls, while having the potential for a habitual interpretation, is
anomalous if interpreted as a report about the present state of things: the
moment of speech cannot accommodate the extended temporal profile of
the event. The present-progressive sentence He is falling is, however,
acceptable."
(Laura A. Michaelis, Aspectual Grammar and Past Time Reference.
Routledge, 1998)
Sumber: http://grammar.about.com/od/rs/g/Simple-Present-Tense.htm

Present Continuous Tense

It is used to express a continued or ongoing action at present time. It expresses an
action which is in progress at the time of speaking. For example, a person says, I am
writing a letter. It means that he is in the process of writing a letter right now. Such
actions which are happening at time of speaking are expressed by present continuous
tense. Present Continuous tense is also called Present progressive tense.
Rules. Auxiliary verb am or is or are is used in sentence. 1st form of verb or base
verb + ing (present participle) is used as main verb in sentence.

Structure of sentence
Positive Sentence
Subject + auxiliary verb + main verb-ing (Present participle) + object
Subject + am/is/are + (1st form of verb or base verb + ing) + object
If the subject is I then auxiliary verb am is used after subject in sentence.
If the subject is He, She, It, singular or proper name then auxiliary verb is is used
after subject in sentence.

If subject is You, They or plural then auxiliary verb are is used after subject in
sentence.
The participle ing is added to the 1st form of verb i.e. going (go) writing (write)
Examples
I am playing cricket.
He is driving a car
They are reading their lessons.
Negative Sentence
Subject + auxiliary verb + not + main verb-ing (Present participle) + object
Subject + am/is/are + not + (1st form of verb + ing) + object
Rules for using auxiliary verbs (am or is or are) after subject in negative sentences are
same as mentioned above.

Examples.
I am not playing cricket.
He is not driving a car
They are not reading their lessons.
Interrogative Sentences
Auxiliary verb + Subject + main verb-ing (Present participle) + object
Am/is/are + Subject + (1st form of verb or base verb + ing) + object
For making interrogative sentences, the sentence is started with auxiliary verb rather
than putting auxiliary verb inside the sentence. If the subject is I the sentence starts
with auxiliary verb am. If the subject is He, She, It, singular or proper name the
sentence starts with auxiliary verb is. If subject is You, They or plural the sentence
starts with auxiliary verb are.
Examples.
Am I playing cricket?
Is he driving a car?
Are they reading their lessons?
More Examples
Positive Sentences
I am listening to the news
You are washing your clothes
She is riding on horse
They are playing football.
It is raining
Negative Sentence
I am not listening to the news.
You are not washing your clothes.

She is not riding on a horse.

They are not playing football.
It is not raining.
Interrogative Sentences
Am I listening to the news?
Are you washing your clothes?
Is she riding on a horse?
Are they playing football?
Is it raining?

Sumber: http://www.studyandexam.com/present-continuous-tense.html