FACULTY OF ENGINEERING

SOUTH EASTERN UNIVERSITY OF SRI LANKA

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

DESIGNING REPORT- I
ME 53001

SAND CLEANING MACHINE

REG NO

Name

SEU/IS/11/EG/096

K.H.P.B De Silva

SEU/IS/11/EG/070

M M Liyanaarachchi

Marks

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We would like to acknowledge Mr.Madubhashitha Hearth

who are giving us a great support to continue this project Sand Cleaning Machine Then our
acknowledgement goes to the head of the department, Dr. Muzathik. He always gave us a
great help by giving advices.

K.H.P.B DE SILVA
M.M LIYANAARACHCHI
SEU/IS/11/EG/070
Department of Mechanical Engineering
South Eastern University of Sri Lanka

Table of Content

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ................................................................................................................................. 1
PROBLEM DEFINITION ................................................................................................................................. 3
DRAWBACKS OF PREVAILING METHOD................................................................................................. 3
USER REQUIREMENTS ................................................................................................................................. 3
ENGINEERS PERSPECTIVE ......................................................................................................................... 4
DESIGN PROBLEMS...................................................................................................................................... 5
MORPHOLOGICAL CHART .......................................................................................................................... 7
PRO/CON CHART ........................................................................................................................................... 8
INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................................. 9
CALCULATION ............................................................................................................................................. 10

PROBLEM DEFINITION

Beach cleaning is main problem in tourist industry. Due to unclean beach reduce tourist
attraction. Country like Sri Lanka cleaning beach using a labors. That method is very expansive and
low accuracy. In rainy days they can't clean the beach. Labors only can clean the garbage that they
can see. Sometimes garbage are under the sand labors can't see this and they can't clean them

After collecting the garbage labors they have to store the garbage. Normally they used bags. But
after filling that bag they have to carry that bag. That is the main problem of labors that they can't
carry filled bags because that bags very heavy.

DRAWBACKS OF PREVAILING METHOD

1. Time consuming
2. Labors are highly involved.
3. Not economical. ( labor cost)
4. Weather problems
5. Low accuracy
6. Beach not cleaning properly

USER REQUIREMENTS
1. Clean large area of beach in lesser time.
2. Fully mechanized.
3. Minimum wastage of time
4. Cost effective machine.
5. Highly reliable machine.
6. Requirement of human power must be less.
3

ENGINEERS PERSPECTIVE
Our mechanized beach cleaning machine can be used in Clean the all beaches around the
country. We are able to fulfill above user needs through our design.

Beach cleaning machine can clean 3600 m2 per hour.

Fully mechanized machine

As a very high cleaning rate and accuracy is not much necessary.

One operator can be used to operate the machine.

The machine can clean 115kg of sand per second.

From power of tractor engine use as power source

The machine has to be designed such that the efficiency of it is greater than doing the garbage
collection manually.

The reliability of the machine is designed so as to keep the process for at least 1year before
doing a full maintenance.

Capacity of the garbage collecting basket is 0.42 m3

DESIGN PROBLEMS

Principle problems-

PP 1 - Feed the garbage and sand mixtures to the machine

PP 2 - Separate garbage from sand
PP 3 - Rusting of machine parts

Dependent problemsDP 1 - Wet sand block the sieve

DP 2 - Sand depositing and blocking gear mechanism

Secondary problems
SP 1 - How to get the power for the machine
SP 2 - How to transmit the power

Innovative Solutions to Problems

Solutions to principle problems:

Solution 1 to PP1 - S.1.P.P.1 Simply we can use a shovel at the front, bottom line of the
machine.
Solution 2 to PP1 - S.2.P.P.1 Use conveyer belt with scope blades.
Solution 1 to PP2 - S.1.P.P.2 - Use vibrating sieve.
Solution 2 to PP2 - S.2.P.P.2 - Use rollers with pins.
Solution 1 to PP3 - S.1.P.P.3- Use paint / oil or grease layer
Solution 1 to PP3 - S.2.P.P.3- Use stainless steel material.

Solutions to dependent problems:

Solution 1 to DP1 - S.1.D.P.1- Add manually actuated brush underneath the sieve.
Solution 2 to DP1 - S.2.D.P.2- Use gar wheel system to transfer high torque to rake tool
system.
Solution 1 to DP2 - S.1.D.P.2- Seal gear and chain mechanism.

Solutions to secondary problems:

Solution 1 to SP1 - S.1.S.P.1- Use power output of the tractor.
Solution 1 to SP2 - S.1.S.P.2- Use gear drives , belt drives and shaft.

MORPHOLOGICAL CHART

Operation

Option 1

Option 2

Option 3

Option 4

Collecting

Sucking

Raking system

Shifting system

Chain plate with

belt conveyor

Storing

Tailor

Bucket

Separating

Vibrating sieve

vibrating
screening belt

Power up

Output of
tractor power

Electric motor

Method 1 : Sucking

Bucket

Method 2 : Raking system

Method 3 : Shifting system

Vibrating sieve

Bucket
Bucket

Method 4 : Chain plate with belt conveyor

Electric motor
Output of tractor power

Vibrating screening belt

Bucket

Vibrating sieve

Electric motor
Output of tractor
power

PRO/CON CHART

Method 1

Pro

Con

-High Cost
-High power
consumption

Method 2

Method 3

Method 4

-Versatility.
- High speed

-Quick
-Easy to handle

-High
accuracy.
-High cleaning
rate
- Low cost.
-Easy to
operate,
-Cleanable

-Medium/High
cost
-Low accuracy

- Medium/High
cost
-High power
consumption

-Blade can be
damage by stone

When we consider the Pro/Con, the Optimum solution is Method 4.

INTRODUCTION

The main functions of the Beach cleaning machine are;

Collect the sand
Use blades to collect
Conveyor belt travelling to sieve
Sieve separate garbage from sand
This report includes selection of two motors which use to achieve above motions and also
the calculations of shafts, bevel gear, belt and pulley, chain .Here are the power
transmission systems what we are analyzed.
Power transmission of the,

rotation of the Engine shaft

Roller pulley.

shaft

Bevel gear

Pulley and belt

The machine can be used on sea beaches and sandy river banks. It has the ability to
collect cigarette butts, small glass pieces, plastic bottles, corn cobs, coconut shavings,
plastic bags, paper pieces and flotsam washed on the shore line.

CALCULATION

Volumetric sand feeding rate in to machine = 6cm 1.2m 0.83m per second
= 0.05976 m3s-1

Density of beach sand approximately

= 1900 kgm-1

Mass of sand feeding within a second

= .05976 1900 kg
= 113.5 kg

Assume chain drive will transmit energy to give total kinetic energy and potential energy up to
the conveyer belt
Then energy transmitted by chain

= 0.5 113.5 (sin245 + (cos45-.83)2) +113.59.810.25

=1.34 kW

Driving Load of the Chain

= P/v
= 1343.1/1
= 1343.1 N

Selected chain = ANSI standard #180 chain

Chain pitch = 57.15 mm
Minimum tensile strength of chain = 281 kN
Number of teeth in sprocket = 12

Sprocket diameter =

mm

= 220.81 mm

Torque exerted on sprocket shaft

= 1343.1 110.4/1000 Nm
= 148.3 Nm

Assume allowable shear stress of shaft = 14.5 ksi

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Shaft diameter = 2

= 39.2 mm
= 40 mm standard solid shaft

Designed chain linear Speed = 1ms-1

Speed of chain Sprocket =

1000 rads-1

= 9.06 rads-1
= 86.5 rpm

Speed of driven pulley = 86.5 rpm

For 1:2 speed ratio speed of drive pulley = 173 rpm

Belt Selection
Speed ratio = 2
Centre distance = 1m
Service factor for medium duty type II driving motor type belt (assume machine works less
than 10 hours per day) = 1.4

Designed power = 1.4 1.34 kW

= 1.87 kW

Speed of 173 rpm and 1.87 kW designed speed lead for section B belts

If smaller pulley radius is 150mm and large pulley radius is 300 mm then

Power rating of belt = 2.24 +.21

= 2.45 kW

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K = .98
Belt length = 3.346 m for designed
Available standard belt size = 3.5m
KL = 1.1
Number of belts = 0.7
= 1 belt

Calculate Centrifugal tension

Pulley material =
Belt material
=

cast iron
rubber

Friction of coefficient between cast iron and rubber

(With dry condition)

Velocity of Pulley

N = 47.74rpm
= 400 mm

Sin
12

Cross section area of the belt

FC - Centrifugal force
TC- Centrifugal tension

Maximum tension in the belt

(Tensile stress of the rubber =4.66 MPa)

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Tension in the tight side of the belt

Tension in the slack side of the belt

We know that;
( )

2.3

2.3

Power transmitted per belt =

1

For conveyer belt

Assume belt only provide potential energy to the sand, then

Power of conveyer belt = 113.5*9.81*1.1m
= 1224.8 W
Assume diameter of conveyer belt drive cylinder = 20cm
Synchronizing speed of belt = 1ms-1
Torque on conveyer belt shaft =
= 122.48 Nm
Diameter of conveyer belt shaft = 14.6 mm
= 15mm on the basis of torsional strength calculation

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Belt selection
Speed of conveyer belt drive cylinder = rads-1
=10 rads-1
= 95.5 rpm
Speed ratio between main pulley and conveyer belt drive cylinder = 173/95.5
= 1.8
Centre distance between pulleys = 1.56m

Service factor = 1.2

Designed power = 1.2*1224.8 W
= 1470 W

Type B belt satisfy the requirements

Assume driving pulley has 250mm diameter. Then conveyer belt pulley has 450mm diameter
Power rating of belt (for 200 mm dia. @720 rpm) = 3.45 + 0.2
= 3.65 kW
Belt length = 4.225m
Available belt length = 4.43m (204mm difference removed by adding idler pulley)
KL = 1.15
K = 1
Number of belt = 1470 / (3050*1.11*1)
= .35
= 1 belt

Vibrating Sieve
Amount of sand to be sift within one second = 113.5 kg
Vibrator displacement = 15mm
Number of cams in vibrator shaft = 2
15

rpm of vibrator = 43.25 (assume 1:4 speed reduction)

Assume vibrator only provides potential energy to the sand.
Then power of sifter = 113.5*9.81*(.015*2*43.25)
= 1444.7 W
Service factor =1.1
Design power = 1.1*1445
= 1590 W
Choose section B belt
Driving pulley diameter = 150 mm
Driven pulley diameter = 600 mm
Centre distance = 1.755 m
Belt length = 4.716m
Choose 5m standard belt
K=.99
KL= 1.18
Number of belt required = 1

Bevel gear design

Speed of driven shaft = 173 rpm
Speed of driver shaft = 480 rpm
Power transmitted = 1470 + 1340 + 1444.7
= 4255 W
Torque on driven diameter of shaft = 4255*60/ (173*2)
= 234.87 Nm
Diameter of shaft = 22 mm on the basis of torsional strength
Speed ratio = DG/DP
16

= 0.36
DG = Diameter of gear
DP = Diameter of pinion
s = 90 0 angle between two shaft
P = Pitch angle of pinion
G = Pitch angle of Gear
P = tan-1(1/.36) = 70.20
G= 19.80
Assume gear has 25 teeth
Then pinion has 69 teeth

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