Date

May 1,
1882
May 3,
1882
After 5
days of
sailing
2 days of
stop-over
in
Singapore
A week
after
leaving
Singapore
Afternoon
of May 18,
1882
May 28,
1882
June 2,
1882

JOSE RIZAL IN EUROPE AND CALAMBA (1882-1887)

Event
Rizal left Calamba for Manila
He boarded the Salvadora going to Singapore
He reached Singapore (English colony)
Rizal stayed in Hotel de Paz
He toured Singapore
Rizal boarded the Djemnah, a French steamer, which was sailing to Europe.
Djemnah reached Point de Galle

The steamer docked at Colombo, Ceylon (Sri Lanka)

June 11,
1882

June 12,
1882

Beginning
of the

summer of

1882

Rizal in

Barcelona

Rizal saw for the first time the coast of Africa, which he called inhospitable but famous land
In Aden (Yemen), Rizal suffered terribly from heat.
He arrived at the city of Suez, the Red Sea terminal of the Suez Canal
It took the Djemnah 5 days to traverse the Suez Canal (constructed by Ferdinand de Lesseps,
inaugurated on November 17, 1869)
At Port Said, the Mediterranean terminal of the Canal, Rizal landed to see interesting spots
Rizal reached Naples
The city pleased him because of its business activity, its lively people, and its panoramic
beauty.
The steamer docked at the French harbour of Marseilles.
He visited the Chateau d If, where Dantes, hero of The Count of Monte Cristo by Alexander
Dumas, was imprisoned.
Rizal took the train for the last lap of his trip to Spain.
After the passport inspection at Port-Bou, Rizal continued his trip by rail
Rizal reached Barcelona (greatest city of Catalua and Spains largest city.
Rizals first impression of this city was unfavorable.
Later, he found it to be a really great city.
The Filipinos in Barcelona gave him a welcome party.
Rizal wrote, under his pen-name Laong Laan, a nationalistic essay entitled Amor Patrio (Love
of Country), his first article written in Spanish soil.
Rizal in Amor Patrio urged his compatriots to love their fatherland, the Philippines.
It appeared in print in Diariong Tagalog on August 20, 1882. It was published in 2 texts Spanish and Tagalog.
Rizal wrote it in Spanish.
Marcelo H. Del Pilar translated the essay in Tagalog.
Some statements in Amor Patrio
...Under whatever aspect, whatever its name we love her (patria) always just as the child
loves its mother in the midst of hunder and misery...
...It has always been said that love is the most potent force behind the most sublime deeds;
very well, of all loves, the love of country is what produced the greatest, the most heroic, the
most disinterested...

Francisco Calvo, the editor of Diariong Tagalog, congratulated Rizal

He wrote the Los Viajes (Travels) - second article.
November 29, 1882 -Rizal wrote his 3rd article entitled Revista de Madrid (Review of Madrid).
It was not published because the Diariong Tagalog ceased publication.
Received a letter from Paciano about the cholera in Manila
Received a news about the unhappiness of Leonor Rivera.
Fall of 1882 Rizal moved to Madrid.

November Rizal enrolled in the Universidad Central de Madrid (Central University of Madrid) in two
3, 1882
courses - Medicine and Philosophy and Letters.

In Spain
(1883)

1884

1885

He also studied painting in the Academy of San Carlos.

Rizal lived a Spartan life.
Rizal almost lost his heart to Consuelo Ortega y Rey (On August 22, 1883, he wrote A la
Seorita C.O. y R.
Reasons why he did not allow the romance:
1. He was still engaged to Leonor Rivera
2. Eduardo de Lete was deeply in love with Consuelo.
Shortly after his arrival in Madrid, Rizal joined the Circulo Hispano-Filipino.
He wrote a poem entitled Me Piden Versos (They asked Me for Verses) - in this poem he
poured out the cry of his agonizing heart.
PROPAGANDA MOVEMENT (1882-1892)
Aim: Demand for Reforms not independence or separation from Spain. The demands of the
reformists were as follows:
Equality of the Filipinos before the law;
Assimilation of the Philippines as a regular province of Spain;
Restoration of the Philippine representation in the Cortes;
Filipinization of the Philippine churches and the granting of individual liberties such as
freedom of speech, of the press, or association and redress of grievances;
Expulsion of the friars whom they accused of fomenting religious fanaticism and
obstructing the progress of the Filipinos
Advocate a nationalist recovery by rejecting the wholesale acceptance of foreign culture
and the rediscovery of the greatness of the Filipino race.
While in Madrid, Rizals favourite pastime was reading.
Beecher Stowes Uncle Toms Cabin and Eugene Sues The Wandering Jew -aroused his
sympathy for the oppressed and unfortunate people.
1883 -Rizal joined the Masonic Lodge Acacia in Madrid. (Dimasalang was his Masonic name)
Reasons: (1) the bad friars in the Philippines drove Rizal to desperation and to Masonry.
(2) he needed the help of the masons to fight the bad friars in the Philippines.
Became a Master Mason in Lodge Solidaridad (November 15, 1890) and of Le Grand Orient
France (Februart 15, 1892)
The rice and sugarcane harvests failed. Thus, the regular monthly allowance of Rizal in Madrid
deceased.
June 25, 1884 - he won a price in Greek
Rizal was invited to give the principal speech for Juan Luna (first prize for Spoliarium) and Felix
Hidalgo (second prize for Christian Virgins Exposed to the Populace)
June 21, 1884 - He was awarded the degree of Licentiate in Medicine by the Universided
Central de Madrid
1884-1885 - studied and passed all subjects leading to the Degree of Doctor of Medicine
He was not awarded his Doctors diploma because he did not present his thesis.
Toward the end of 1884, Rizal started writing Noli Me Tangere and finished about 1/2 of it.
June 19, 1885 - he was awarded the degree of Licentiate in Philosophy and Letters by the
Universidad Central de Madrid.
He decided to go to Paris in order to acquire more knowledge in ophthalmology.
On his way to Paris, he stopped at Barcelona to visit Maximo Viola.
October 1885 (for 4 months) lived in Paris and worked as an assistant to Dr. Louis de Weckert,
leading French ophthalmologist
On the album of Paz Pardo de Tavera (wife of Juan Luna), Rizal drew a series of sketch on the
story of The Monkey and the Turtle.
Rizal posed as an Egyptian priest in Juan Lunas The Death of Cleopatra and as Sikatuna in
The Blood Compact
Rizal played musical instruments. He was also a composer.
(1) Leonor (before his departure for Spain)
(2)El Canto del Prisionero a danza (during his exile in Dapitan)
(3) Alin Mang Lahi (a patriotic hymn)
He finished the 1/2 of the second half of Noli Me Tangere.

1886

1887

February 8, 1886 - Rizal arrived in Heidelberg. He lived in a boarding house with some German
law students.
Later he lived with Karl Ulmer, a Lutheran minister.
In Heidelberg, Rizal worked in the clinic of Dr. Javier Galezowsky (famuous Polich
ophthalmologist)
He also studied under Dr. Otto Becker (great German authority on ophthalmology)
March 11, 1886 - Rizal wrote Trinidad and he expressed his high regard and admiration of the
German womanhood. Rizal also admired German customs.
April 22, 1886, Rizal wrote the poem, To the Flowers of Heidelberg. The blooming flowers of
Heidelberg reminded him of home. His favourite flower - the light blue forget-me-not
July 31, 1886 - Rizal wrote his first letter in German to Prof. Ferdinand Blumentritt (Director of
the Ateneo of Leitmeritz, Austria). He was an Austrian ethnologist. Rizal sent him a book
entitled Arithmetica (Arithmetic). Blumentritt sent a gift of 2 books.
August 6, 1886 - University of Heidelberg held its 5th centenary celebration,
August 8, 1886 - Rizal left Heidelberg. He boarded a train and visited various cities of
Germany
August 14, 1886 - Rizal arrived in Leipzig. He befriended Prof. Friedrich Ratzel, a famous
German historian. He stayed in Leipzig until October 29, 1886.
While in Leipzig, he translated Schillers William Tell from German to Tagalog and Hans
Andersens Fairy Tales.
October 29, 1886 - he left Leipzig for Dresden where he met Dr Adolph B. Meyer, Director of
the Anthropological and Ethnological Museum.
Rizal was enchanted with Berlin. He met here Dr. Feodor Jagor (Travels in the Philippines). He
introduced Rizal to Dr. Rudolf Virchow (German anthropologists), Dr. Hans Virchow (the son
and prof of Descriptive Anatomy), Dr. Joest (German geographer). Rizal worked in the clinic
of Dr. R. Schulzer (German ophthalmologist)
Rizal became a member of the Anthropological Society and Anthropological Society of Berlin
upon recommendation of Dr. Meyer and Dr. Jagor.
Rizal wrote a scholarly paper in German entitled Tagalische Verskunst(Tagalog Metrical Art)
He live in Berlin for 5 reasons:
(1) to gain further knowledge about ophthalmology
(2) to further his studies of sciences and languages
(3) to observe the condition of the German nation
(4) to associate with famous German scientists and scholars
(5) to finish his novel, Noli Me Tangere.
The winter 1886 was Rizals darkest winter. He lived in poverty because no money arrived
from Calamba and he was flat broke.
The 1st edition of the Noli was printed in Berlin 1887
March 29, 1887 - the date when the Noli Me Tangere came of the press.
May 11, 1887 - Rizal and Maximo Viola left Berlin by train.
They arrived in Dresden and visited Dr. Adolph B. Meyer. They also met Dr. Jagor.
May 13, 1887 - Rizal and Maximo Viola arrived in Leitmeritz, Bohemia and met Prof.
Blumentritt.
May 17, 1887 - Rizal and Viola left Leitmeritz
After Leitmeritz, they visited Prague and met Dr. Wellkomm, a prof of natural history. After, the
2 went to Brunn.
May 20, 1887 - they arrived in Vienna (Queen of Danube). Rizal received his lost diamond
stickpin found by a maid in Hotel Krebs.
May 25, 1887 - they left Vienna on a river boat to see the beautiful sights of Danube River and
travelled to Lintz.
They travelled overland to Salzburg to Munich to Nuremberg to Ulm to Stuttgart, Baden and
to Rheinfall (the most beautiful waterfall of Europe)
From Rheinfall , they crossed the frontier to Schaffhausen, Switzerland and stayed there from
June 2-3, 1887.
They continued their tour to Bassel, Bern, and Lausanne.
They went to Geneva and spent 15 delightful days in Geneva.
Rizal celebrated his 26th birthday on June 19, 1887 and treated Viola to a blow-out.

 June 23, 1887 - Rizal and Viola parted ways. Viola returned to Barcelona and Rizal continued
the tour to Italy.
From Geneva, Rizal went to Italy and visited Turin, Milan, Venice, and Florence.
June 27, 1887 - Rizal reached Rome.
June 29, 1887 - he reached Vatican City. He also sent a letter to his father informing his
homecoming.
After a week in Rome, he prepared to return to the Philippines. He left Rome by train for
Marseilles.
After the publication of Noli Me Tangere, Rizal was warned not to return home but Rizal was
determined to return home.
Reasons:
(1) to operate on his mothers eyes
(2)to serve his people who had long been oppressed by Spanish tyrants
(3) to find out for himself how the Noli and his other writings were affecting Filipinos and
Spaniards in the Philippines
(4) to find out why Leonor Rivera had remained silent.
July 3, 1887 - boarded the steamer Djemnah. He saw again Suez Canal.
July 30, 1887 - At Saigon, he transferred to another steamer Hayfong, which was Manila
bound.
August 6, 1887 - Rizal arrived in Manila.
August 8, 1887 - he reached Calamba. In Calamba, he established a medical clinic and
operated his mothers eyes. (Doctor Uliman). He also opened a gymnasium for young folks.
Storm Over Noli:
Rizal received a letter from Gov.-Gen Emilio Terrero (liberal-minded) to come to
Malacaan. He went to Malacaan,
Rizal visited the Jesuit fathers to ask for a copy of Noli.
Gov-Gen Emilio Terrero assigned Don Jose Taviel de Andrade as body guard of Rizal.
The Gov-Gen read the Noli and found nothing wrong about it.
The archbishop of Manila, Msgr. Pedro Payo (Dominican) sent a copy of the Noli to Fr.
Rector Gregorio Echavarria of UST for examination by committee of the faculty. Report:
Noli was heretical, impious, and scandalous in the religious order...
Gov-Gen Terreo was dissatisfied with the report. He sent the novel to the Permanent
Commission of Censorship which was composed of priests and laymen. Fr. Salvador
Font sent a report that the Noli contains subversive ideas against the Church and Spain
and he banned the Noli.
The banning of Noli made it only popular.
Attackers of Noli:
Fr. Jose Rodriguez -published a pamphlet entitled Caiingat Cayo
Vicente Barrantes
Vida and Pando (2 Spanish senators)
Defenders of Noli:
Marcelo H. Del Pilar (editor of La Solidaridad) (Dolores Manapat) - published a
pamphlet entitled Caiigat Cayo.
Fr. Francisco Sanchez
Don Segismundo Moret
Rev. Vicente Garcia (pen-name: Justo Desiderio Magalang)
Lt. Andrade became a great admirer of the man he was ordered to watch and protect.
What marred Rizals happy days in Calamba:
(1) death of Olympia
(2) tales that he was a German spy...
Gov-Gen Terrero ordered a government investigation of the friar estates to remedy
whatever iniquities might have been present in connection with land taxes and with
tenant relations.
December 30, 1887 - the Civil Gov of Laguna directed the municipal authorities of
Calamba to investigate the agrarian conditions of their locality.
Findings of Rizal:
(1)The hacienda of Dominican order also comprised the town of Laguna
(2)The profits of the Dominican order continually increased because of the increase of

rentals paid by tenants.

(3)The hacienda owner never contributed a single centavo for the celebration of town
fiesta, etc.
(4)Tenants who had spent much labor in clearing the lands were dispossessed pf said
lands for flimsy reasons
(5)High rates of interests
***No action was taken by the government.
Rizal was advised by Gov.-Gen Terrero to leave the Philippines for his own good.
He was compelled to leave
Wrote the poem entitled Hymn to Labor (Himno al Trabajo) - dedicated to the industrious folks
of Lipa in commemoration of the towns elevation to a villa (city)