MAKALAH

SUMMARY OF LEARNING ENGLISH PHONOLOGY

BY:

Group :

PERADIKA SARAMBU
CRISTINA
ASRUL PATAKDUNGAN

( 213 112 191 )

( 213 112 185 )
( 213 112 179 )

CHRISTIAN UNIVERSITY INDONESIAN OF TORAJA

PERIODE 2014/2015

CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
A. DEFINITION
Phonology is the study of the sound systems in language; studies, being what they are,
aim to provide us with methods of analysis -- in this case, analysis of spoken utterances
which will allow us to represent them on paper in a way that provides us with a deeper
insight into how our language works.
The reader who comes to this book with no knowledge of phonology has a double
handicap: not only the handicap of knowing nothing of phonology (a problem that we
hope to do something about quite soon), but the potential handicap of already knowing
rather well an old and not very systematic method of analyzing the sounds of English and
representing them on paper: standard, written English, which we call English
orthography.

CHAPTER II
CONTEN

1. VOWEL SOUNS
Vowel are produce when the airstream is voiced through the vibration of the vocal cords in
the larinx, and then shaped using the tongue and the lips to modify the overall shape of the
mouth.english vowels are divide into three types,are:

a. Monothong
Monothong is a single vowel articulated without change in quality throughout the
course of a syllable.

There are 12 vowel sounds :

1. [ ] see / si /
2. [ ] sit / st /
3. [ ] boot / but /
4. [ ] book / bk /
5. [ e ] bait / bet /
6. [ ] sofa /s.f /
7. [ ] bird / bd /
8. [ ] bat /bt /
9. [ ] force /fs /
10. [ ] under /n.d(r) /
11. [ ] father /f.(r)/
12. [ ] sock /sk /
b. Dipthong
Diphthong is one indivisible vowel sound that consists of two parts. The first part
is the main strong component (the nucleus); the second part is short and weak (the
glide).
There are 8 dipthongs :
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

[ e ] late / let /
[ a ] time / tam /
[ ] choice / ts /
[ a] mouth /ma/
[ ] focus /f.ks/
[ ] near / n(r) /
[ e ] area /e.ri./
[ ] cure /kj(r) /

c. Tripthong
Triphthong is the combination of three vowels in a single syllable and forms a
simple or compoundsound.
1. [ e ] player /ple.(r)/
2. [ a ] fire /fa(r) /
3. [ ] clairvoyance /klev.nts/
4. [ ] coalesce / k.les/
5. [] coincide /k.nsad/

2. CONSONANTS CLUSTER
A consonant cluster is a group or sequence of consonant that appear together in a
syllable without a vowel between them.
Tree types of consonand cluster is initial, medial, and final.
Initial
bread, trick, twin, flat, throw, stop

splash, spring,strong, scream, square

Medial
upthrust, astray,
Final
against, hens, lens, pens, runs, tens, field, west, wind, cold

3. SYLLABLE

Syllable is the sound of a vowel thats created when pronouncing a word.

The number of times that you hear the sound of a vowel in a word is equal
to the number of syllable the word has.

Example :
o Read / rid / there is one syllable
o Lessen /les n / there are two syllable
o Evening/iv.n / there are three syllable
o Economic /i.knm.k / there are four syllable

4. STRESS
In linguistics, stress is the relative emphasis that may be given to certain
syllables in a word, or to certain words in a phrase or sentence. Stress is typically
signaled by such properties as increased loudness and vowel length, full articulation
of the vowel, and changes in pitch. There are two stress in linguistics, word stress and
sentence stress.
Sentence Stress
I hate you.
Have you seen that new film with Tom Cruise?
I love him.
Word Stess
believe (verb) sressed in last syllable
signify(verb) sressed in last syllable
earnest (adj) sressed in first syllable
information (noun) sressed in first syllable

5. INTINATION
In linguistic the use of chaging vocal pitch to convey grammatical information or
personal attitude.
Intonation is variation of spoken pitch that is not used to distinguish words;
instead it is used for a range of function such as indicating the attitudes and
emotions of the speaker, signaling the difference between statements and question,
and between different types of questions, focusing attention on important elements
of the spoken message and also helping to regulate conversational interaction.

Affirmatif.

Indonesia consists of many archipelagoes.

/n.dni./ /knsst/ /v/ /men.i/ /.kpel..g/
There are many kinds of animal, they are : the wild, cattle, the creeping, the flying
animals and the water animal.
/e r / / r / /men.i/ /kand/ /v//n..ml/ /e/ / r / // /wald/, /kt.l/
///kri.p/ ///fla.//n..ml//nd/ ///w.t r / /n..ml/
She sees and states : syalom!
/i/ /si/ /nd/ /stet/ :syalom

Non affirmative / negative.

There are not many kinds of animals.

/e r / / r //nt//men.i/ /kand/ /v//n..ml/
She doesnt sees and doesnt state : syalom !
/i/ /dz. nt/ /si/ /nd/ /dz. nt/ /stet/ :syalom
Indonesia doesnt consist of many archipelagoes.
/n.dni./ /dz. nt/ /knsst/ /v/ /men.i/ /.kpel..g/

Introgatife.

The rising pitch on street indicates that the question hinges on that word,
Thisis yes/no question.
He found it on the street?
/ hi fand t | n stit /
Yes,he found it on the street.
/ jes, hi fand t | n stit /
As is common with wh- questions, there is a rising intonation on the question
word, and a falling intonation at the end of the question.
Where re you from?
/we r / / r / /ju/ /frm/ ?
I come from palopo.
/a/ /km/ /frm/ palopo

CHAPTER III
CONCLUSION
o Vowel sound
Vowel are produce when the airstream is voiced through the vibration of
the vocal cords in the larinx, and then shaped using the tongue and the lips
to modify the overall shape of the mouth.english vowels are divide into
three types,are:
o A consonant cluster is a group or sequence of consonant that appear together in a
syllable without a vowel between them.
There three consonant cluster:
a) Initial
b) Medial
c) final
o Syllable is the sound of a vowel thats created when pronouncing a word. The number
of times that you hear the sound of a vowel in a word is equal to the number of
syllable the word has.
o In linguistics, stress is the relative emphasis that may be given to certain syllables in
a word, or to certain words in a phrase or sentence. Stress is typically signaled by
such properties as increased loudness and vowel length, full articulation of the vowel,
and changes in pitch. There are two stress in linguistics, word stress and sentence
stress.
o Intonation is variation of spoken pitch that is not used to distinguish words; instead it
is used for a range of function such as indicating the attitudes and emotions of the
speaker, signaling the difference between statements and question, and between
different types of questions, focusing attention on important elements of the spoken
message and also helping to regulate conversational interaction.

References
Introduction to linguistic
principal English Grammar
Pronunciation
Google.com

KESIMPULAN
suara vokal
Vokal yang menghasilkan ketika aliran udara disuarakan melalui getaran pita suara di larinx,
dan kemudian dibentuk dengan menggunakan lidah dan bibir untuk mengubah bentuk
keseluruhan vokal mouth.english dibagi dalam tiga jenis, yaitu:
Monothong adalah vokal tunggal diartikulasikan tanpa perubahan kualitas
sepanjang perjalanan suku kata.
Diftong adalah salah satu suara vokal terpisahkan yang terdiri dari dua bagian.
Bagian pertama adalah komponen yang kuat utama (inti); bagian kedua pendek
dan lemah (luncur yang).
Triphthong adalah kombinasi dari tiga vokal dalam suku kata tunggal dan
membentuk suara sederhana atau majemuk.

Sebuah cluster konsonan adalah kelompok atau urutan konsonan yang muncul bersama
dalam suku kata tanpa vokal di antara mereka.
Ada tiga kelompok konsonan:
a) Initial
b) Medial
c) akhir
Sukukata adalah suara vokal yang dibuat ketika mengucapkan sepatah kata pun. Jumlah
kali Anda mendengar suara vokal dalam kata adalah sama dengan jumlah suku kata itu
memiliki.
Dalam linguistik, stres adalah penekanan relatif yang dapat diberikan kepada suku kata
tertentu dalam kata, atau kata-kata tertentu dalam sebuah frase atau kalimat. Stres biasanya
ditandai dengan sifat seperti peningkatan kenyaringan dan panjang vokal, artikulasi penuh
vokal, dan perubahan lapangan. Ada dua stres dalam linguistik, kata stres dan stres kalimat.
Intonasi adalah variasi lapangan diucapkan yang tidak digunakan untuk membedakan katakata; melainkan digunakan untuk berbagai fungsi seperti menunjukkan sikap dan emosi
pembicara, menandakan perbedaan antara pernyataan dan pertanyaan, dan antara berbagai
jenis pertanyaan, memfokuskan perhatian pada unsur-unsur penting dari pesan lisan dan juga
membantu untuk mengatur percakapan interaksi.
affirmatif.
Indonesia terdiri dari banyak kepulauan.
/n.dni./ / Knsst / / v / /men.i/ /.kpel..g/
Ada banyak jenis hewan, mereka adalah: liar, ternak, merayap, hewan terbang dan hewan air.
/ e r / / r / /men.i/ / kand / /v//n..ml/ / e / / r / / d / / wald /, /kt.l / / d //
kri.p / ///fla.//n..ml//nd/ ///w.t r / /n..ml/
Dia melihat dan menyatakan: "syalom! "

/ i / / SI / / aend / / stet /: "syalom"

Non afirmatif / negatif.
Tidak banyak jenis hewan.
/ e r / / r //nt//men.i/ / kand / /v//n..ml/
Dia tidak melihat dan tidak state: "! Syalom"
/ i / / dz. nt / / SI / / aend / / dz. nt / / stet /: "syalom"
Indonesia tidak terdiri dari banyak kepulauan.
/n.dni./ / Dz. nt / / knsst / / v / /men.i/ /.kpel..g/
Introgatife.
Meningkatnya lapangan di jalan menunjukkan bahwa pertanyaan bergantung pada kata itu,
Iniadalah ya / tidak ada pertanyaan.
Dia menemukannya di jalan?
/ Hi fand t | n d stit /
Ya, ia menemukannya di jalan.
/ Jes, hi fand t | n d stit /
Seperti biasa dengan pertanyaan Ap-, ada intonasi naik pada kata tersebut, dan intonasi yang
jatuh pada akhir pertanyaan.
Dimana kembali Anda dari?
/ we r / / r / / JU / / frm /?
Saya berasal dari palopo.
/ a / / km / / frm / palopo
A. DEFINISI fonologi
Fonologi adalah studi tentang sistem suara dalam bahasa; studi, menjadi apa yang mereka,
bertujuan untuk memberikan kami dengan metode analisis - dalam hal ini, analisis ucapan
lisan yang akan memungkinkan kita untuk mewakili mereka di atas kertas dengan cara yang
memberikan kita wawasan yang lebih dalam bagaimana bahasa kita bekerja.
Para pembaca yang datang ke buku ini tanpa pengetahuan fonologi memiliki cacat ganda:
tidak hanya cacat mengetahui apa-apa tentang fonologi (masalah yang kami berharap untuk
melakukan sesuatu tentang cukup lama), tetapi cacat potensial sudah mengetahui cukup baik
sebuah metode yang sangat sistematis tua dan tidak menganalisis suara bahasa Inggris dan
mewakili mereka di atas kertas: standar, tulisan bahasa Inggris, yang kita sebut ortografi
bahasa Inggris.