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Lab #2

Oxygen Deficit / Oxygen Debt

Samantha C. Munoz

KIN 4312

Lab Section: Friday 2:00-4:00


Fall 2016

INTRODUCTION
Oxygen deficit is the lack of oxygen to the muscles at the onset of exercise and can help
decipher if an individual is trained or untrained in exercise (Powers & Howley, 2012). A trained
individual will have a lower oxygen deficit and reach steady state faster than that of an untrained
individual. The reasoning behind this is because a trained individual has a better-developed
aerobic bioenergetics capacity (Powers & Howley, 2015). Some factors must be present to
calculate the oxygen deficit during exercise.
Oxygen Deficit can only be calculated once the individual has reached steady state
(King,2012). Steady state is reached when the removal of lactic acid keeps up with the pace of
production of lactic acid (Powers & Howley, 2016). Oxygen deficit can only be obtained if the
individual has reached a steady state. Steady state is reached a few minutes after the onset of
exercise. After reaching steady state, oxygen debt can be calculated after exercise has stopped.
Oxygen debt is the elevated oxygen uptake following exercise. Oxygen debt refers to
how much restoration needs to be made to the PC and oxygen store (Powers & Howley, 2012).
Oxygen debt is the reason that following exercise heart rate and blood pressure is still elevated.
Oxygen debt will not decrease suddenly, but at a gradual decrease over a period of several
minutes(King,2016).
To conduct an examination of Oxygen deficit and oxygen debt two subjects were
recruited to conduct an exercise test. Blood pressure and heart rate where measured and recorded
as subjects where at rest prior to exercise, during exercise on a cycle ergometer, and at rest
following the exercise. The purpose of the study was to determine if oxygen debt would be
higher or if oxygen deficit would. It was hypothesized that oxygen debt would be higher due to

the amount of work needed to perform the exercise test. This was hypothesized because muscles
need more oxygen once exercise has been stopped to fill the muscles back up to capacity.

EQUIPMENT
Sphygmomanometers
Cycler ergometer
Stethoscope
Nose clips
Expired air tube
2 Way breathing valve
Headpiece for supporting mouthpiece
Automated metabolic measurement system
Stopwatch
Weather watch
Borgs Rate of Perceived Exertion Scale (RPE Scale)
PROCEDURES
Blood Pressure Protocol:
1. The proper size cuff was chosen and wrapped around the upper arm. Arrow was aligned
with the brachial artery, so that the bladder was on the inside of the arm.
2. Placed the stethoscope membrane over the brachial artery between the antecubital space.
3. Tightened the thumb screw of the cuff and then pumped the cuff to 200 mm Hg; then
slowly released the pressure at the rate of 2-3 mm Hg per second and listened for the first
Korotkoff sound (systolic pressure). Continued to release the pressure until sound was
muffled (4th phase diastolic), and then disappeared (5th phase diastolic).
4. Let out all pressure from the cuff.
Heart Rate Protocol:
1. Palpated at Carotid artery (neck).
2. Counted the number of beats in 15 seconds, then multiplied by four to determine the heart
rate by beats/Minute.
Exercise Test Protocol:
1. Blood pressure was measured and recorded before the start of the resting phase of the
experiment (for safety reasons).
2. Subject sat quietly on the cycle ergometer and resting oxygen uptake was measured for
five minutes. Resting measurements for heart rate and blood pressure where measured
and recorded every two minutes. Subjects arms where removed from the handlebar while
blood Pressure measurements where obtained.

3. Exercise- At the beginning of the 6th minute, the subject begun pedaling at 50rpm against
the resistance of two kp. The subject maintained the same work rate for 15 minutes.
Blood pressure was measured and recorded at two minute intervals until 16 minutes was
reached.
4. Recovery- Subject stopped exercise at 16 minutes and assumed the position that existed
during the resting phase. Oxygen uptake was measured until 23 minutes was reached. The
final blood pressure measurements where recorded at the final 23-minute mark.

RESULTS
Table 1.
Weight: 100 kg
Height: 173 cm
Age: 23 yrs.

Room Temp: 22 C
Barometric Temp (mm Hg): 663
Humidity: 26%

Table 1. Displays subject ones VO2, VCO2, heart rate, RPE, and blood pressure
R= VCO2 / VO2
(1 LB = .45 KG) 100 LB = 220 KG
(1 FT = 30.48 cm) 5.68 FT = 173 cm

Table 2.
Weight: 78.3 kg
Height: 160 cm
Age: 20 yrs.

Room Temp: 22 C
Barometric Temp (mm Hg): 663
Humidity: 26%

Table 2. Displays subjects twos VO2, VCO2, Heart Rate, RPE, and Blood Pressure
(1 LB = .45 KG) 172 LB = 78.3 KG
(1 FT = 30.48 cm) 5.25 FT = 160 cm

Fast
Slow

Figure1. Displays correlation between VO2 and time during rest and exercise for subject one.

Figure 2. Displays correlation between VO2 and time during rest and exercise for subject two.

DISCUSSION
The purpose of the study was to determine if oxygen debt would be higher or if oxygen
deficit would. It was hypothesized that oxygen debt would be higher due to the amount of work
needed to perform the exercise test. Figure one and two show very little difference between
oxygen deficit and debt. By just going off the figures the hypothesis seems to be right. The
hypothesis was only considered wrong once calculations where done to obtain oxygen deficit
and debt. Both subjects had results showing that deficit was higher than debt while evaluating the
exercise test.
For subject one the difference was .6 of a difference in debt and deficit. Evidence shows
that debt will only be at higher rate than deficit if the exercise test has a high intensity work out
(Powers & Howley, 2012) The heathier subject will also have a lower debt then the untrained
subject because a healthier heart can pump blood out at a faster rate (Maron & Pelliccia, 2006).
This helps to explain why a difference in debt and deficit was different in each subject, even with
the exercise test being evaluated. Although one subject was trained more than the other subject,
the same results were gathered from both individuals.
In summary, both subjects had a higher deficit then debt once calculations where done.
The Graphs showed little difference in the two, but by calculating oxygen deficit and debt using
the VO2, there is a clear difference in which is higher. The oxygen deficit was higher than oxygen
debt because debt will not be high unless exercise was done for a long amount of time. In
conclusion the hypothesis was wrong due to need for a high intensity exercise to cause a
restoration level of the PC store

QUESTIONS
1. Create a graph of the values presented in Tables 1 & 2. Plot each oxygen uptake value at
the midpoint of the collection time. For example, the oxygen uptake for minutes 4 should
be plotted at 3.5 minutes. Connect the date points, identify the areas representing the
oxygen deficit and oxygen debt, and shade in those areas.
Refer back to Figure 1 and Figure 2

2. Calculate the oxygen deficit, and the oxygen debt.


a. Calculate an average value for 5 minutes of rest: .47 L/Min (Subject One)
.30 L/Min (Subject Two).
Subject One: .58+.53+.47+.29+.48= 2.35
2.35
5 = .47
Subject Two: .23+.30+.41+.33+.22=1.49
1.49
5 = .30
b. Find the steady state and calculate an average value for the steady state oxygen
requirement. Steady State VO2 =_1.85 L/Min (Subject One) __
1.78 L/Min (Subject One).
Subject One: 1.82+1.80+1.76+2.00= 7.38
7.38
4 =1.85
Subject Two: 1.78+1.68+1.77+1.90= 7.13
7.13
4 =1.78
c. Calculate the oxygen deficit by subtracting the values measured for minutes 6,7,8,
and 9 from the average steady state value. Add these values to obtain the oxygen
missing at the onset of workoxygen deficit;2.56 Liters (Subject One) 2.88
Liters (Subject Two).
Subject One: 1.85-.34= 1.51
1.85-.97= .88
1.85- 1.85= 0
1.85- 1.68= .17

1.51+.88+0+.17= 2.56

Subject Two: 1.78-.50=1.28


1.78- 1.25=.53
1.78-1.22= .56
1.78-1.27=.51
1.28+.53+.56+.51=2.88
d. To calculate the oxygen debt, subtract the average resting baseline value from
each value measured in minutes 16-23. Add these to obtain the oxygen debt:
1.96 Liters (Subject One) 0.41 Liters (Subject Two).
Subject One: 1.86-.47= .39
1.16-.47= .69
.50-.47= .03
.44-.47= -0.03
.61.-.47= .14
1.08-.47= .61
.80-.47= .33
.54-.47= .07
.39+.69+.03+(-.03)+.14+.61+.33+.07= 1.96:
Subject Two:.60-.30=.30
.37-.30=.07
.34-.30=.04
.31-.30=.01
.39-.30=.09
.27-.30 -0.03
.30-.30=0
.23-.30=-0.07
.30+.07+.04+.01+.09+(-0.03) +0+(-0.07) =0.41
3. Is the debt larger than the deficit? Why might they be equal in some exercise test and the
debt be greater than the deficit in others?
a. Oxygen deficit is higher than debt. Oxygen deficit and debt might be equal
depending on the intensity and duration of the exercise test. The debt will be

higher if the duration and intensity is higher, needing a higher replenishment of


the PC and oxygen store.
REFERENCES

King, G. A. (2016). Kinesiology 4312 exercise physiology laboratory Manuel (Fall 2016).
El Paso, TX: Paper Chase.

Maron, B. J., & Pelliccia, A. (2006). The heart of trained athletes: Cardiac remodeling and
the risks of sports, including sudden death. 114(15), 16331644.
doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.613562

Powers, S.K., & Howley, E.T. (2012). Exercise physiology: Theory and application to fitness
and performance (8th ed.). New York; McGraw-Hill Education- Europe.

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