Leccture#1:Ba

asicConceptts

Mechanicsof
M
fmaterialsissabranchoffappliedmeechanicsthaatdealswiththebehavio
orof
so
olidbodiesssubjectedtovarioustypesofloadingg.

Thisfieldofstudyisknow
wnbyseveraalnames,inccluding"Streengthofmatterials"and
"m
mechanicso
ofdeformabllebodies.".

Suspensionbridgesaregoodexampleofstructurresthatcarrrythesestreesses.Theweeight
ofthevehicle
eiscarriedb
bythebridge
edeckandppassesthefo
orcetothesttringers(verrtical
caables),which
hinturn,supportedbytthemainsusspensioncables.Thesuspensioncables
th
hentransferrredtheforcceintobridge
etowers.

Thesolidbod
diesconsiderredincludeaaxiallyloadeedmembers,,shaftsinto
orsion,thin
sh
hells,beamss,andcolum
mns,aswellaasstructuressthatareassembliesofthese
co
omponents.

AxialForce.
A
ShearForce
TransverseFo
orce

Usuallytheo
U
bjectivesofouranalysisswillbethedeterminatiionofthestresses,strains,
anddeflectionsproduced
dbytheload
ds.

To
orsion

Th
heoreticalanalysesandexxperimentalresultshaveeequallyimporrtantrolesintthestudyof
mechanicsofm
m
materials.

Th
hesepropertiesareavailabletousonlyyaftersuitab leexperimen
ntshavebeen
ncarriedoutinthe
laaboratory.

EquilibriiumEquattion

Co
ompatibilittyProblem
ms

utiveProblems
Constitu

TypesoffFailure:

FailurePatte
ern:

BeamwithReinfo
orcement
Materialss:Homogeneous,IsotropicorComp
posite/NonC
Composite
Geometrry:PrismaticorNonPrissmatic

NormalStressFo
ormulaDeerivation
Thefundame
entalconceptsofstressccanbeillustratedbycon
nsideringap
prismaticbarr
th
hatisloaded
dbyaxialforrcesPatthe
eends,asshoowninFigurre1prismatticbarhavingg
co
onstantcrossssectionthroughoutitsslength.
TTheaxialforccesproduce
eauniformsstretchingoffthebar;hence,thebarrissaidtobeein
te
ension.
Prismaticand
dNonPrismaaticBar

Toinvestigate
etheinternaalstressesproducedintthebarbyth
heaxialforces,wemakeean
im
maginarycuttatsectionaaa(Figure1)).

Theintensityofforce(thatis,theforrceperunitaarea)iscalleedthestresssandis
co
ommonlyde
enotedbyth
heGreeklettters(sigma)).

Theintensityofforce(thatis,theforrceperunitaarea)iscalleedthestresssandis
co
ommonlyde
enotedbyth
heGreeklettters(sigma)).

Assumingtha
A
atthestresshasauniforrmdistributiionovertheecrosssectio
on(seeFigurre1),
wecanreadil
w
lyseethatittsresultantisequaltothheintensitystimesthecrosssectional
areaAofthebar.

quilibrium(b
balancingoffforces)ofth
owninFiguree1,it
hebodysho
Furthermore,,fromtheeq
issalsoeviden
ntthatthisre
esultantmustbeequaliinmagnitudeandoppossiteindirecttion
to
otheapplied
dloadP.Hence,weobtaain
P

Whenasignc
W
conventionffornormalsstressesisreequired,itiscustomaryttodefineten
nsile
sttressesaspo
ositive(+)an
ndcompresssivestressesasnegativee().

Lecturre#2:BasiicConceptts
Manypractticalproblem
msofgreatimportanceiinengineeringcannotbehandled
effficientlybytheoreticalmeans,expe
erimentalm
measurementtsbecomeaanecessity.

TheoreticalA
Analysis(Equ
uilibriumand
dCompatibiilityEquation
ns).AlreadyDiscussed

onstitutiveR
Relationship )EstablishR
RelationshipBetweenStress
ExxperimentallAnalysis(Co
andStrainForDifferentM
Materials

Theseproperrtiesareavailabletouso
onlyaftersuuitableexperrimentshaveebeencarried
outinthelab
boratory.

BendingStresss:

Thestressesccausedbybe
endingmom
mentareknoownasbend
dingorflexurrestresses.

TyypeofStrresses

BearingStresss:

Bearingstressistheconttactpressure
ebetweenthheseparatebodies.Itdiffersfrom
co
ompressivestress,asitisaninternaalstresscaussedbycomp
pressiveforcces.

Sh
hearingStresss:
Fo
orcesparallelltothearearresistingthefforcecauseshhearingstress.

Th
hermalStress:
Te
emperaturecchangescause
ethebodyto
oexpandorcoontract.


WhenTemper
W
ratureis20Cand50C

WhenTemper
W
ratureis20Cand50C
Problems


Problem110

A12inchess
A
quaresteelbearingplatteliesbetweeenan8inchesdiameteerwoodenp
post
andaconcrettefootingassshowninFig.P110.Deeterminetheemaximumvalueofthee
oadPifthesstressinwoo
odislimitedto1800psi andthatinconcreteto650psi.
lo

Solution110
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Problem104

Ahollowsteeltubewithaninsidediameterof100
mmmustcarryatensileloadof400kN.Determinetheoutsidediameterofthetubeif
thestressislimitedto120MN/m2.
Solution104
This image cannot currently be display ed.


Problem109

Determineth
D
helargestwe
eightWthattcanbesuppportedbytw
wowiressho
owninFig.P
P
109.Thestressineitherw
wireisnotto
oexceed300ksi.Thecro
osssectionallareasofwires
2
2
ABandACar
A
e0.4in and
d0.5in ,respectively.

So
olution109


Problem105

Ahomogeneo
A
ous800kgb
barABissup
pportedateiitherendbyyacableassshowninFig.P
105.Calculate
ethesmalle
estareaofeaachcableiftthestressisnottoexceed90MPain
bronzeand120MPainstteel.
FiigureP105

So
olution105


Problem106

Thehomogen
neousbarsh
howninFig.P106issuppportedbyaasmoothpin
natCandaccable
th
hatrunsfrom
mAtoBaro
oundthesmo
oothpegatD.Findthesstressintheecableifits
diameteris0.6inchandtthebarweigghs6000lb.

So
olution106


Problem107

Arodiscomp
A
posedofanaaluminumse
ectionrigidlyyattachedb
betweensteelandbronzze
se
ections,asshowninFig..P107.Axiaalloadsareaappliedatth
hepositionsindicated.IffP=
2
3000lbandthecrosssecctionalareao
oftherodiss0.5in ,determinethesstressineacch
se
ection.

So
olution107

Problem108

Analuminum
A
mrodisrigidllyattachedb
betweenasteelrodand
dabronzero
odasshown
nin
Fig.P108.Axxialloadsare
eappliedatthepositionnsindicated.Findthemaaximumvalu
ueof
Pthatwillnotexceedastressinstee
elof140MPa,inaluminumof90MPa,orinbro
onze
of100MPa.
FiigureP108

Problem115

Whatforceis
W
srequiredto
opuncha20
0mmdiameeterholeinaaplatethatiis25mmthiick?
2
Theshearstrengthis350
0MN/m .
So
olution115

Problem116

AsinFig.111
A
1c,aholeistobepunch
hedoutofaplatehavinggashearingstrengthof40
kssi.Thecomp
pressivestre
essinthepunchislimiteedto50ksi.(a)Computeethemaximum
th
hicknessofp
plateinwhicchahole2.5
5inchesindiiametercanbepunched
d.(b)Ifthep
plate
iss0.25inchth
hick,determ
minethediam
meteroftheesmallestho
olethatcanb
bepunched.

So
olution116

Problem117

Findthesmalllestdiamete
erboltthatcanbeuseddintheclevissshowninFFig.111bifP
P=
engthoftheboltis300M
MPa.
400kN.Thesshearingstre
So
olution117

Problem119

Computetheshearingstrressinthep
pinatBforthhemembersupportedaasshowninFig.
P119.Thepindiameteriis20mm.


So
olution119

Problem125

In
nFig.112,aassumethata20mmdiameterrivettjoinstheplatesthatarreeach110mm
wide.Theallo
w
owablestresssesare120MPaforbe aringintheplatematerrialand60M
MPa
fo
orshearingo
ofrivet.Dete
ermine(a)th
heminimum
mthicknesso
ofeachplatee;and(b)the
laargestaveraggetensilestressinthep
plates.
So
olution125

Problem127

In
ntheclevissshowninFig.111b,find
dtheminimuumboltdiam
meterandth
heminimum
m
th
hicknessofe
eachyoketh
hatwillsupportaloadP=14kipswiithoutexceeedingashearing
sttressof12kksiandabearingstresso
of20ksi.

SOLUTION
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