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Abstract
The present paper deals with the effect of volume fraction of fillers on the thermal Properties of polymer composites. This
work sees an opportunity of enhancement on insulation capability of a typical fiber reinforced polymer composite. To
validate this mathematical model, a set of epoxy based composites, with fiber content ranging 4.38 to 20.10% of volume
fractions have been prepared by simple hand lay-up technique. For preparing the composite, natural fiber i.e. Pine apple leaf fibers are incorporated in Epoxy Resin. Thermal conductivities of these composite samples are measured as per
ASTM standard E-1530 by using the Unitherm Model 2022 tester, which operates on the double guarded heat flow
principle at the temperature ranging from 30C to 150C. And also the Specific Heat of the powdered samples are measured by using Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC). By using the MATLAB the numerical analysis is carried out to
find the value of Thermal Diffusivity with varying temperatures. It was observed that the thermal diffusivity varies with
fiber concentration, but the variation of thermal diffusivity with varying temperature was not so significant.
KEYWORDS: Pine Apple Leaf fiber, Epoxy Composites, Volume Fraction, Thermal Properties.
*Corresponding Author:
Mallireddy Subramanya Pravallika,
Research Scholar,Department of Thermal Engineering,
Aditya Engineering College, Surampalem,
Andhra Pradesh, India.
Email: vallika.sairam@gmail.com
Year of publication: 2016
Review Type: peer reviewed
Volume: III, Issue : I
Citation:Mallireddy Subramanya Pravallika, Research
Scholar "A Prediction of Thermal Properties of Epoxy
Composites Filled With Pine Apple Leaf Fiber " International Journal of Research and Innovation on Science,
Engineering and Technology (IJRISET) (2016) 98-102.
INTRODUCTION
In general synthetic fibers like glass fibers, carbon fibers,
nylon, wool etc. are the most widely used fillers for various applications as the structural components and wear
resistance. In this Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (GFRP)
composites are the most important materials in the field
of Engineering, mainly because of their good specific stiffness, Strength along with their low density and also due to
its lower thermal conductivity. But Glass fiber reinforced
polymer composites have many disadvantages like they
are toxic in nature and corrosive, high cost, non-recyclable, and also not bio-degradable. In the recent decades,
due to the environmental responsiveness and Ecological
concern attention towards Natural Fiber Reinforced composites (NRFC) has increased. These natural composites
have many advantages including low cost, light weight,
non-toxic, bio degradable etc., and also these natural fibers possess very less thermal conductivity which is lower
than the synthetic fibers and used as filler material for
various insulation applications.
98
International Journal of Research and Innovation on Science, Engineering and Technology (IJRISET)
MATERIALS
SL.NO
Characteristic Property
Inferences
Density
1.5gm/cc
Matrix material-1
Youngs modulus
34.582.51Gpa
Tensile Strength
4131627MPa
Thermal Conductivity
0.0273W/mK
The Matrix Material used is the Epoxy (LY 556). It provides a solvent free curing system when it is combined
with the hardener Tri-Ethylene Tetra mine (TETA) which
is an aliphatic primary amine with commercial designation HY 951 for the polymer composites.
Properties of Epoxy (LY 556) Resin
SL.NO
Characteristic Property
Inferences
Density
1.1gm/cc
Compressive Strength
90 MPa
Tensile Strength
58 MPa
Thermal Conductivity
0.363W/mK
Electrical conductivity
EXPERIMENTAL DETAILS
Fabrication of Composites
Using the hand layup method, the Low temperature curing epoxy resin (LY 556) (commonly known as BisphenolA-Diglycidyl-Ether) and corresponding hardener (HY951)
are mixed in a ratio of 10:1 by weight as recommended.
Two identical specimens are prepared, which are used for
finding the Thermal Conductivity and other is grinded as
a fine powder using the grinding machine to find the Specific Heat. In the Similar way Six identical sets of Specimens are prepared for finding the thermal properties of
specimens with varying fiber Volume fraction as shown in
the following table .
For finding the Thermal Conductivity
Sample
Epoxy+ 0% of PALF
Epoxy+4.38% of PALF
Epoxy+14.5% of PALF
Epoxy+18.7% of PALF
Epoxy+20.10% of PALF
99
International Journal of Research and Innovation on Science, Engineering and Technology (IJRISET)
Mass,
m (g)
Density of
Matrix,
m (g/
cm3)
Density of
Filler,
f (g/
cm3)
Fiber
Volume
Fraction,
FVF
Volume
of filler,
Vf %
Density,
c (g/
cm3)
20
1.1
1.5
1.1
22.85
1.1
1.5
0.0325
3.25
1.11
21.5
1.1
1.5
0.0715
7.15
1.13
21.5
1.1
1.5
0.1106
11.06
1.14
21.35
1.1
1.5
0.1443
14.43
1.16
19.9
1.1
1.5
0.1557
15.57
1.16
Volume
Fraction of
Fiber(Vf)%
k at
30C
k at
60C
k at
90C
k at
120C
k at
150C
0.246
0.243
0.265
0.28
0.3
3.25
0.223
0.235
0.246
0.266
0.274
7.15
0.212
0.222
0.231
0.249
0.262
11.06
0.206
0.219
0.221
0.234
0.248
14.43
0.188
0.201
0.213
0.224
0.231
15.57
0.179
0.192
0.201
0.216
0.223
R=F[Tu-Ti]/Q -Rint
Where R = Thermal resistance of the sample
F= Heat flow transducer calibration factor (HFT)
Tu = Upper plate surface temperature
Ti = lower plate surface temperature
Q= Heat flow transducer output
Rint = Interface thermal resistance
The sample thermal conductivity (k) is calculated from
R x/k
Where, x= Sample thickness
q=T/R
Where, q= Heat flux, W/m2
T = Change in Temperature, K
Q=qA
Where, Q= Heat Flow, W
A= Area, m
International Journal of Research and Innovation on Science, Engineering and Technology (IJRISET)
Volume of
Fiber,
Vf %
Cp at 30C
Cp at 60C
Cp at 90C
Cp at
120C
Cp at
150C
2028.393
2003.6565
2185.0575
2308.74
2473.65
3.34
1609.406
1696.0109
1775.398
1919.74
1977.477
7.33
1626.089
1702.791
1771.8237
1909.887
2009.601
11.33
1580.067
1679.78
1695.1213
1794.8344
1902.218
14.88
1452.134
1552.5484
1645.2379
1730.203
1784.273
15.93
1483.361
1591.091
1665.672
1789.9778
1847.986
Volume of
Fiber,
Vf %
*10-7 at
30C
*10-7 at
60 C
*10-7 at
90 C
*10-7 at
120 C
*10-7 at
150 C
1.0936
1.0946
1.0966
1.0936
1.0976
3.25
1.248
1.249
1.247
1.2492
1.249
7.15
1.1533
1.1538
1.15275
1.15785
1.1523
11.06
1.1443
1.14563
1.14463
1.14163
1.14263
14.43
1.11507
1.11607
1.11707
1.116
1.1117
15.57
1.04027
1.04037
1.04127
1.04227
1.04127
By the above tables it is clearly observed that the variation in thermal diffusivity with respect to change in temperature is negligibly very small but increase as the temperature increases and with the increase in fiber content
the thermal diffusivity decreases.
CONCLUSION:
In this work, six sets of PALF reinforced Epoxy composites were successfully developed with varying fiber volume
fraction and their thermal properties such as Thermal
conductivity (k), Specific Heat Capacity (Cp), and Thermal
Diffusivity () were studied. From the above results it can
be concluded that.
As the fiber volume fraction increases the density of
the PALF Reinforced Epoxy composites increases. And the
density value varies from 1130 to 1160Kg/m3.
With the increases in fiber volume fraction, the thermal
conductivity of the composites decreases and the values
varies from; as a result we can use as insulating materials. At the maximum volume fraction of fiber, the thermal conductivity of the PALF reinforced epoxy composites
has varied from 0.179 Wm-1K-1 to 0.223 Wm-1K-1 in the
temperature range 30 C to 150C.
The values of specific heat capacity for PALF reinforced Epoxy composites varies from 1483.361 JKg-1K-1
to 1847.986 JKg-1K-1 in the temperature range 30 C to
150C.
The values of thermal diffusivity for PALF reinforced
Epoxy composites vary from 1.04027*10-7m2/sec to
1.04127*10-7m2/sec in the temperature range 30 C to
150C.
From all these results, we can concludes that PALF reinforced Epoxy composites are light weight, cost effective
and possess good thermal insulating properties. Hence,
these newly developed composites can be used for the applications such as Aircraft and military, Space, automotive, Sporting Goods, Marine, and Infrastructure etc. as a
replacement for Carbon Fiber epoxy composites and other
metal Composites.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT & DECLARATIONS:
I would like to express my sincere gratitude towards my
projects advisor Mr. D Deepu Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Aditya College of Engineering and Technology, Surampalem, AP, India, for his
continuous support, generous guidance, help and useful
suggestions.
I would like to place on record my deep sense of gratitude
to Mr. M Sarath Babu, PHD Scholar, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Nagpur, India, for his stimulating
101
International Journal of Research and Innovation on Science, Engineering and Technology (IJRISET)
I also wish to extend my thanks to Mrs. A. Rama Vasantha, Assistant Professor, Department of Electronics and
Communication Engineering, Aditya College of Engineering and Technology, Surampalem, AP, India, for her help
in the numerical calculations and constructive suggestions to improve the quality of this work.
12. Nanthaya K, Taweechai A, A new approach to Greening plastic composites using pineapple leaf waste for performance and cost effectiveness, Materials and Design
55 (2014) 292299.
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